Thirty years ago, the global share of Japanese chips was as high as 53%, while that of the United States was only 37%, which made the United States very angry. The United States put Japan on the ground and forced Japan to sign an unequal semiconductor treaty twice in a row, and all the internal core materials were taken away by the CIA. In the past 22 years, Japan's pillar industries developed with national efforts were dragged down by the United States, and its economy was dragged into the quagmire, which will never turn over.
Americans are doing the same thing again, and a series of so-called "sanctions" are happening to national enterprises such as Huawei and SMIC!
2065438+On May 5, 2009, 65438+2009, the United States prohibited American enterprises from providing parts and services to Huawei. After a year, the second round of "killing orders" was upgraded. As long as it is an enterprise using American technology, no one is allowed to make chips for Huawei. Since then, Huawei's road to chip foundry has been completely cut off.
As the key equipment for chip manufacturing, SMIC customized an EUV mask aligner from ASML in 2065.438+08 at a price of 654.38+200 million US dollars. However, the United States has hampered the export of related equipment to China. This mask aligner took four years to deliver.
Lessons from the past are lessons from the future! Facing the American blockade, we are bound to embark on a road of industrial self-improvement!
It is in this era background that groups of people with lofty ideals in science and technology advance wave after wave and resolutely embark on the road of "China Core" revitalization.
A, China semiconductor godfather-Zhang Rujing.
He went abroad to study at a young age, and resolutely returned to China to serve China. He started his business five times, was framed and started again. He put China on the track of cutting-edge chip technology by himself. He is the founder of SMIC- Zhang Rujing Company.
1997 Zhang Rujing left Texas instruments, a top chip manufacturer, to start a business in China. In just three years, this momentum is almost equivalent to TSMC. TSMC couldn't sit still, so it used its relationship to buy a company in Zhang Rujing. Later, Zhang Rujing registered a new company-SMIC in Hongkong, China.
This time, Zhang Rujing not only brought back 300 backbones from Taiwan Province Province, but also preached across the east and west sides of the United States like a missionary, and gathered more than 100 Chinese in the United States to return home. He knows that in China's semiconductor industry, talent is more scarce than capital.
It took SMIC three years to accelerate the level of mainland chips for 30 years.
The business world is like a battlefield. In 2002, Taiwan Province Province of China issued a warning of divestment, otherwise it would pay NT$150,000. Zhang Rujing ignored. Angry Taiwan Province authorities revoked Zhang Rujing's household registration in Taiwan Province province and even put him on the wanted list.
I appeared after you sang, and TSMC also heard that it was killed, and it was even more ruthless. Zhang Rujing was forced to leave SMIC, and signed a non-competition agreement, which prohibited him from working on chips for three years. On the day of leaving, Zhang Rujing wandered around the factory for three hours, looking at the plants and trees that he paid for in the past nine years, with mixed feelings in his heart. Finally, he said three words "Don't get down" to the workers who saw me off.
Three years later, Zhang Rujing returned to the chip industry in the old white Ford 10 years ago. Under his leadership, China's chip industry has completed a leap from low-end to high-end. This time, he turned his attention and put his personal energy into another weakness of China's chip-the "silicon" element.
When the production capacity reached 6.5438+0.2 million pieces per month, Zhang Rujing handed over the company to the state-owned Shanghai Silicon Industry and continued to move towards another track-IDM.
On 20 17, Academician Ni Guangnan awarded Zhang Rujing China Lifetime Contribution Award for Semiconductor Industry on behalf of the country.
Second, the "Don Quixote" of the chip session-Ni Guangnan
Ni Guangnan was born in 1939. When I graduated from college, I wrote an extremely innovative opinion on the topic of pulse code communication, which shocked my tutor. 198 1, invited by National Research Institute of Canada. Ni Guangnan returned to China after staying for two years, with the core machine and circuit chip he paid for. You know, at that time, his annual salary in Canada was 43,000 Canadian dollars, 70 times higher than that in China.
Facing the incomprehension of family and friends, Ni Guangnan said: "If I don't come back, everything I have done since then will not help China."
1984, a businessman knocked on Ni Guangnan's door. This man is Liu Chuanzhi. The biggest difference between scientists and businessmen is that one is determined to revitalize China's science and technology all his life, and the other just wants to make money.
1985, the first phase of Lenovo Hanka was successfully developed and put into the market, and Ni Guangnan successively updated eight models to become the core technology of the company. It was not until 1994 that Lenovo changed from a small company with an initial capital of only 200,000 yuan to a leading enterprise with sales as high as 4.73 billion yuan.
Ni Guangnan, who is very forward-looking, advocates that Lenovo should take the lead in setting up a national investment plan to study China's homemade chip technology. But as a businessman, Liu Chuanzhi is unwilling to take this risk, and the contradiction between them is escalating.
1June 1995, Liu Chuanzhi decided to give up this "scientific chess piece" and start market trading. On the spot, the board of directors announced that Ni Guangnan had been removed from all his posts. Liu Chuanzhi said that he was in tears and thanked Ni Guangnan for his contribution, but he never mentioned letting Ni Guangnan stay. After Ni Guangnan was forced to leave his post, a series of independent research and development chip projects in China he presided over were also forced to stop.
In today's changing global chip market, we also understand that Ni Guangnan's vision is far-reaching. What would Lenovo and China's semiconductor industry look like today if Ni Guangnan's technical route had been followed?
For China chip, Ni Guangnan runs around day and night. At the age of 82, he rented a house in Beijing, and no one took care of him, only his beloved scientific research. I am immersed in scientific research for more than 300 days a year, and I am reluctant to rest on holidays.
When asked when to stop, Ni Guangnan replied: "When I found that I couldn't help others."
Third, the chip wizard-Liang Mengsong
People who play technology are addicted. Liang Mengsong is a typical technology tycoon who has been deeply involved in the semiconductor industry for 35 years and obtained more than 400 invention patents. Some people say that he is a research madman in the field of semiconductors, but his old boss regards him as a "traitor to the enemy camp."
From TSMC to Samsung to SMIC, every job-hopping has caused a shock in the industry; It not only changed the development track of new enterprises, but also influenced the competition pattern of the whole semiconductor industry by itself.
After SMIC took office, Liang Mengsong began a series of tiger actions. In less than a year, the yield of 28 nm process has increased from 60% to over 85%; In 20 19, 14nm process was officially mass-produced, and the yield soared from 3% to over 95%. A year later, 28nm, 14nm, 12nm and N+ 1 technologies have all entered mass production. 7nm technology development has been completed, and 5nm and 3nm technologies are also under orderly development.
Under the leadership of Liang Mengsong, SMIC completed TSMC's 10 year in three years.
Wang Xing, CEO of Meituan, once paid tribute to Liang Mengsong: "Mr. Liang Mengsong donated all the income of SMIC to the education foundation in China, not to make money, but to win a sigh of relief, cow!"
When we spread out Liang Mengsong's career, we will find that his goal is clear, which has nothing to do with money and position. From beginning to end, he only wanted one thing-the dominance of high-end chip development projects.
4. Jiang Shangzhou, a dual soldier in China's scientific and political circles.
Jiang Shangzhou's resume is not the same as before. At the age of 40, he completed his doctorate and returned to China to enter his career. During his administration, he made great achievements and has been overworked in several positions. Comrade Zhu Rongji once said to him, "If you resettle more than 30,000 relocated farmers, your hair will be half white." He used to be deputy mayor of Sanya, deputy director of Shanghai Economic Commission and deputy secretary-general of Shanghai. He was one of the few ruling officials who knew semiconductors at that time.
As a strategic scientist, he never considered which step to take. He played a whole game of chess.
Speaking of boat on the river, there is another person who has to mention-Zhang Rujing. It was Jiang Shangzhou who invited Zhang Rujing to set up a factory in Shanghai. In 2000, Zhang Rujing led 300 semiconductor engineers to Shanghai, and SMIC was founded. Later, TSMC began to sue SMIC, and the entangled lawsuit left SMIC in a state of loss for a long time and was on the verge of bankruptcy.
In 2009, Zhang Rujing was ousted, and Jiang Shangzhou gave up his government status and was appointed as the chairman of SMIC. At this time, Jiang Shangzhou has been suffering from cancer for 7 years, and his body has long been forbidding him to undertake such heavy and high-pressure work, but Jiang Shangzhou has shouldered this burden without hesitation. Soon, SMIC turned a profit and even had the ability to acquire Wuhan Xinxin.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
20 1 1 On June 27th, Jiang Shangzhou died of lung cancer, and his life stopped at the age of 64 forever. A week before his death, he was still presiding over the board of directors with his mobile phone.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Yu Zhongyu, the "strongest headhunter" in China's chip history.
Yu Zhongyu, 1958, graduated from the Physics Department of Peking University, and is the first generation semiconductor expert trained in New China. No one knows the problems of China's semiconductor industry better than him. When he led a team to Texas Instruments, a top foreign chip manufacturing company, he was delighted to find that among the foreigners who received the team, there was a face of china. This young man from China is Zhang Rujing.
At that time, the semiconductor industry in China was in a hurry. When he left, Yu Zhongyu took Zhang Rujing's hand and gave him a letter of appointment. "We are waiting for you in Beijing!"
This sentence rewrote a person's fate, and also rewrote the fate of China's entire chip history.
Sixth, sweeping monk in the "core" era-Tzu-Yin Chiu
From 1984 to 1996, Tzu-Yin Chiu worked in Bell Laboratories for 12 years. Bell Laboratories is the research institution that has trained the most Nobel Prize winners in the world. Tzu-Yin Chiu's departure surprised many people.
At the invitation of Zhang Rujing 200 1, he joined SMIC and started the semiconductor business. Tzu-Yin Chiu is more like a researcher than a CEO. He speaks modestly and calmly, but these can't hide his outstanding achievements in the semiconductor industry.
As a professional manager, Tzu-Yin Chiu once led Hua Hong NEC, Malaysian Silterra and SMIC to turn losses into profits. 20 19 became the CEO of Shanghai Xinsheng, leading them to a new journey.
Tzu-Yin Chiu has a low profile, and there are few personal reports about him on the Internet.
Zhang Rujing, 74, Ni Guangnan, 82, Liang Mengsong, 70, Yu Zhongyu, 64, Tzu-Yin Chiu, 66, and Jiang Shangzhou, 64, are all sowers on the road to the revitalization of China Core. They are lighthouses and torches.
This group of soldiers, born in the poorest era in China, gave up a good life and resolutely served the motherland. Even if you are scarred and gray-haired, you must fight for the "Chinese core" to the end. We are crossing a tunnel, and the dawn is ahead.
Tens of thousands of chip people in China have received this flame and are determined to let the brilliance of China Core illuminate every inch of mountains and rivers in China!
Here, I would like to pay tribute to everyone in China who has worked hard to revive China.
Here, pay attention to me and be a happy and confident China person together ~