The destruction of opium in Humen
In order to commemorate the righteous act of exterminating opium in Humen and the great national hero Lin Zexu, the Party and * * * established the Lin Zexu Memorial Hall in the former site of 1957, and erected the "Lin Zexu Monument". 2. Humen Lin Zexu Memorial Hall Humen Lin Zexu Memorial Hall is a memorial hall for historical figures established to commemorate the national hero Lin Zexu. The former site of Lin Zexu's cigarette selling pool is located in the south of Koucun Village, Humen Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The former site of Lin Zexu's cigarette selling pool is a national key cultural relic protection unit. 1957, the people * * * established Lin Zexu Park and Lin Zexu Memorial Hall in the former site of the tobacco selling pool. 1972 Lin Zexu Park and Lin Zexu Memorial Hall were renamed Humen People's Anti-British Memorial Hall during the Opium War. 1985, restoration of Humen Linzexu Memorial Hall. The museum covers an area of nearly 40,000 square meters. The cultural relics collected in Humen Lin Zexu Memorial Hall mainly include: wooden stakes, wooden boards, opium smoking sets, Lin Zexu's handwriting and so on. The basic display of the museum, Lin Zexu's No Smoking, is divided into three parts: the situation before the Opium War; Sinful opium imports; Lin zexu and banning smoking in guangdong. The museum educates the audience in patriotism through lectures, publicity and video screening. 3. Humen Tobacco Pond The destruction of opium in Humen Tobacco Pond is located at the mouth of Taiping Town, Dongguan County, and the tobacco pond is adjacent to the Pearl River in the south.
The destruction of opium in Humen
Niu Bei is in the north and Zhenkou is in the west. It was built to commemorate the heroic achievements of the people of China in resisting foreign aggression. 1839 From June 3 to June 25, Lin Zexu destroyed the opium collected here in public places by "soaking". The current cigarette selling pool was rebuilt by 1957. The objects and historical materials in the museum show unforgettable scenes of the Opium War. From 65438 to 1930s, a large amount of opium was brought in, endangering the health of domestic people, and countless silver flowed out, leaving the country weak and the people poor. Emperor Qing Guang accepted Lin Zexu's memorial to ban smoking, and sent Lin Zexu to Guangzhou for investigation, forcing foreign opium dealers to hand over opium in Humen. In order to destroy these drugs, two large ponds, each 45 meters long, were specially built. Slate is paved at the bottom of the pool, and fence piles are nailed around it. A culvert was opened beside the pool, and a ditch was connected behind the pool. When destroying opium smoke, first store water in the pool, sprinkle salt into concentrated brine, put opium into the pool in batches and melt it with concentrated brine. Then add quicklime and stir, which will cause a reaction immediately. The explosion occurred, causing its decomposition and corrosion. Finally, the mixed waste residue was washed away with river water, leaving no drop. After about three weeks of history, opium was finally destroyed. From June 3 to June 25 1839, the relics such as pool boards and wooden stakes in the tobacco selling pool are now on display in opium war museum beside the pool.
2. Humen Destroying Opium (June 1839) The historical story of Humen refers to the historical event that Lin Zexu, an imperial envoy of the Qing Dynasty in China, concentrated on destroying opium in Humen, Guangdong.
This incident later became the fuse of the First Opium War, in which treaty of nanking was also signed by the Qing Dynasty. 13 June, 839 (that is, April 22nd, 19th year of Daoguang reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Qing Dynasty), Lin Zexu ordered the public destruction of opium in Humentan, which lasted for 23 days until June 25th, and totally destroyed boxes of 19, 187 and 21/kloc-0.
The destruction of opium in Humen has become a historic event in the anti-drug struggle. June 3, which began with the destruction of opium in Humen, was designated as a no-smoking festival during the Republic of China. June 26, the day after the end of cigarette sales, also happened to be the International Anti-Drug Day.
Since the fall of French emperor Napoleon I and the industrial revolution, Britain has become an industrial power. 1757, Britain destroyed the Mughal Empire and brought India into colonial rule, which was called British India.
The British East India Company obtained the exclusive distribution right of India in 1773, and produced a large amount of opium, which was transported to Calcutta warehouse for export. When the boards of directors of Britain and Britain's East India Company began to trade with China, they did not support opium trafficking, believing that it would damage the dignity of the country.
1833 On August 23rd, the British Parliament passed the East India Company Reform Act, and the Privy Council of the United Kingdom ordered the cancellation of the trade patents and monopoly rights of the British East India Company in China. The British East India Company was replaced by the Commercial Director of China.
Queen Victoria of England appointed Lord Lavobe as the first commercial director of Guangzhou, and appointed Davis (also translated as Davis, Dad and David) and Sir G·B· Robertson, the last senior class of the British East India Company, as deputy directors. The British side has instructed Laube to take military action. In the 14th year of Daoguang (1834 July 15), on June 13th, Pharaoh Bei took a boat from Macau and tried to forcibly enter Guangzhou. As a result, there was a conflict with Lu Kun, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi.
Lv Kun ordered the expulsion of Lao Bei and others to Macau. Pharaoh Bay returned to Macau and died soon after. Davis became the second commercial director in China. Because it was forbidden to buy and sell opium on land or store opium in Macau in Qing Dynasty, British businessmen set up an opium warehouse on a ship moored in the waters from Lingdingyang to Taiwan Province Province, named Asian Arsenal, so that opium smugglers could receive the goods and set up vouchers, so that they could withdraw money in Guangzhou. At that time, the British newspaper in Calcutta reported that Lin Zexu was so great! The red-hot faction headed by Qishan criticized Huang Juezi, blaming other social problems for the harm of tobacco for various reasons, and only a few officials advocated banning smoking. Even Emperor Daoguang tasted opium before he ascended the throne, but he didn't quit smoking until he woke up, which made him hesitate to ban smoking.
However, Lin Zexu had already banned smoking during his tenure as Governor of Jiangsu and Governor of Huguang, and swept away cigarette dealers and opium addicts. In view of Lin Zexu's success, Daoguang Emperor thought it was not impossible to ban smoking, so Daoguang Emperor made up his mind to remove the title of Prince Yidou, who smoked opium, and the title of Puxi, who assisted lord protector, and degraded the taste of Xu Naiji, a heavy smoker.
Daoguang summoned Lin Zexu for eight consecutive days, and every day he summoned Lin Zexu to discuss the issue of smoking ban. In the 18th year of Daoguang (1838,65438+February 3 1), on November 15th, Lin Zexu was appointed as an imperial minister to pass customs, and smoking was banned nationwide. After Lin Zexu became an imperial envoy, he was dissatisfied with Yan School and Manchu nobles. However, due to the imperial power of Emperor Daoguang, he dared not openly oppose it and had to secretly obstruct it.
Yan sent Qi Shan, the leader, to threaten to seduce Lin Zexu. Later generations described the situation like this: Gong Zizhen was also worried about Lin Zexu's safety. He suggested that Lin Zexu take a skilled craftsman and heavy troops, and fight back immediately in case of war, preferring to go south with Lin Zexu, but Lin Zexu did not want him to be involved in the political whirlpool and declined Gong Zizhen's kindness. Deng Tingzhen, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Yiliang, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, jointly issued the imperial edict of Daoguang Emperor, sealed up cigarette houses, arrested cigarette dealers, and ordered the execution of Feng Angang, a China cigarette dealer.
Lin Zexu's greatest resistance is William Jardine of Jardine Matheson and Lan Shilu's younger brother of Baoshun Foreign Firm. William Jardine returned to England to stop Lin Zexu and lobbied * * * to take tough measures against the Qing court.
As soon as Lin Zexu heard that William Jardine, the "iron-toed rat", had left, he said happily, "Iron-toed rat, the cunning opium smuggler, is afraid of angering China and has returned to the land of rime." In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839 March 10), Lin Zexu officially arrived in Guangdong and was greeted by a nine-gun salute.
American businessman william hand also attended the ceremony nearby. He left an important document about Lin Zexu's appearance: "He is dignified, grim-faced, fat, with a thick black moustache on his upper lip and a long moustache on his chin. He looks about sixty years old." Lin Zexu visited Yuehua Academy first, and put forward a couplet: "All rivers run into the sea, bearing the Great Wall, being rigid without desire".
Many opium dealers believe that bribery can impress the new imperial envoys. However, Lin Zexu is different from traditional officials. He regards money as nothing. He limited all opium dealers to hand over all opium within three days, and signed a statement of breaking off relations, stating that they would never sell opium again. He promised: "If opium is brought in the future, once it is found out, the goods will be gone and people will be punished." A few tobacco merchants gave in and handed over opium, but most tobacco merchants, including government officials and petty officials, were unmoved.
Lin Zexu declared: "As long as the opium is inexhaustible, this minister will not return for a day and swear to be with this matter. There is no reason to stop. " Knowing that intellectuals were on his side, Lin Zexu, who was really a petty official, called 645 students from Yuexiu College, Yuehua College and Yangcheng College to "take an exam" in Hiram's Hospital.
This time it's called an exam, but it's actually a questionnaire survey. There are four questions: "1. Names of opium distribution centers and operators; 2. Retailers; 3. Disadvantages of smoking ban in the past; 4. Prohibition. " Since then, Lin Zexu has mastered the list of all tobacco dealers and corrupt officials.
During the smoking ban, Lin Zexu wrote a note to Queen Victoria, questioning that the Queen knew that opium was harmful, and opium was not produced in China, including London, Scotland and Ireland, and it was strictly forbidden for nationals to smoke it. However, it grows and produces opium in India under its jurisdiction and allows its nationals to trade opium in China.
He asked the Queen to dispose of Indian opium, and told her that China had passed the Opium Smoking Prohibition Ordinance promulgated by King James, which completely banned smoking and made British nationals give up the opium trade. Foreign tobacco dealers think that Lin Zexu should be given a small amount of opium.
3. What is the legend about the origin of Humen's name? A long time ago, the southwest of Shajiao, Guangdong Province was the haunt of the Dragon King of the South China Sea. One day, Yaniang, the youngest daughter of the Dragon King, ran to the mainland beach to play alone and swam westward to Lianhua Mountain. Who knows that there is a tiger spirit living on this mountain. It is pregnant and looking for food everywhere. I swooped down as soon as I saw Yaniang. Yaniang was scared out of her wits and ran back. The dragon king was frightened and immediately ran out of the Dragon Palace with the shrimp, soldiers and crabs. At this point, Yaniang's life is at stake. Soldiers and crabs killed the tiger with sticks. When the tiger was injured, it gave birth to a stillbirth. However, the Dragon King was still worried, fearing that it would come back from the dead, so he locked the tiger and stillbirth in the river with a golden lock and became two mountain islands lying across the Pearl River. Later people called it Dahushan. Tiger Mountain and Tiger Mountain are like two gatekeepers, hence the name Humen. Looking at the sea at Humen by Liao, a poet from the south of China, is the most geographical and can make a sound, which makes China people's aspirations grow.
Satisfied, please adopt.
4. Historical legend of Humen Bridge According to legend, the Dragon King of the South China Sea fought with the Lotus Mountain Tiger to save his beloved daughter. The embroidered shoes left by the dragon girl A Niang became A Niang's shoe island. A Niang escaped safely and found a peaceful place called Taiping.
When the Dragon King killed the tiger, the stick broke in two and became the upper and lower rungs. The tiger fell off, leading to premature birth. Nothing grows with its mother and turns into a big tiger mountain.
This charming fairy tale has been told by people all the time. This is the ancient battlefield of the Opium War.
During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, Lin Zexu led Humen soldiers and civilians to build a hundred-foot iron chain to lock the river, so as to resist the invading enemy with the golden lock bronze gate, which was "not easy to get in, but more difficult to get out". 184 1 in the spring of, the British ship opened fire on the garrison of the Qing army on the shore, and the garrison commander Guan Tianpei died with the soldiers, struggling to resist, being outnumbered and dying for the country.
Now, the smoke has dispersed, the sky is vast and calm, the moat has become a thoroughfare, and boating on the Pearl River, only to see the bridge fly up and lie across the waves like a rainbow; Walking on the bridge, you can see countless weather, clouds and sails. .
5. Summary of Humen Smoke Story1In March of 839, Lin Zexu arrived in Guangzhou, and the anti-smoking movement started rapidly. He stepped up the rectification of coastal defense and walked along the cigarette dealers; On the one hand, foreign tobacco dealers are restricted from handing in opium. Lin Zexu said in a notice to foreign tobacco merchants: "The minister will not return until the opium is exhausted." Because of Lin Zexu's firm attitude, strong measures and the support of the people, Yangyan was forced to hand over more than 20 thousand boxes of opium.
Lin Zexu ordered the public destruction of opium in Humen and led officials of all sizes to personally supervise it. He asked people to put opium in two dug ponds, put salt water in the ponds, soak the opium for a long time, and add quicklime, which will boil raw water and then destroy the opium. It took 22 days to destroy all the seized opium. This is the world-famous Humen destroying opium.
Smoke's just action won the support of the broad masses of the people. There are tens of thousands of people watching Humen Beach every day, and people applaud. Seeing this situation, foreigners also admire Lin Zexu's determination to ban smoking.
The Opium War in Humen was a glorious page in China's anti-imperialist struggle in modern history.
6. What happened to the destruction of opium in Humen in history? The biggest cigarette trade in the late Qing Dynasty.
1In March of 839, Lin Zexu was ordered to go to Guangzhou to ban opium. With the support of the people, he stepped up the rectification of coastal defense, ordered the arrest of cigarette dealers, and informed foreign opium dealers to hand over all opium within a time limit. After resolute struggle, opium dealers in Britain, the United States and other countries were forced to hand over about 2.37 million kilograms of opium one after another.
From June 3 to 25, under the auspices of Lin Zexu, all the opium turned over was put into the British intaglio Tiger Map, and a China warship was burned by the British warship "Nanosis". The battle took place in Yasen Bay 184 1 1 in the Pearl River Delta. In the two-hour battle, 1 1 China warship was sunk, 500 crew members were killed and only a few British soldiers were injured.
The Nano Sith is the first armored warship in Britain. In the face of such warships, the wooden boats of China Navy are vulnerable. Doors and beaches were destroyed in public.
The destruction of opium in Humen is a great victory for the people of China to fight against smoking.
7. Legend of the destruction of opium in Humen:1One day in March, 839, Guangzhou was deserted, and thousands of people crowded on both sides of the Pearl River, scrambling to witness the elegance of Lin Zexu, an imperial envoy, while waiting for him to complete an important task, that is, selling cigarettes! Why does Lin Zexu sell cigarettes? This should start with the rampant opium smuggling at that time.
In the late Jiaqing period, the rule of the Qing Dynasty declined more and more, while European and American countries developed rapidly. Businessmen in Europe and America regard China, a country with a large population and a vast territory, as the main target of overseas market expansion. However, China has been based on agriculture since ancient times, and the people have lived a self-sufficient life. There is little demand for foreign goods. In addition, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty pretended to be a "celestial country" and closed their doors, so there was almost no market for foreign goods in China. On the contrary, Chinese porcelain, tea and silk are very popular in foreign countries.
In this way, a large amount of glistening money will flow into China, and foreigners are unwilling to do so. They want to make huge profits by smuggling opium that will become addictive after smoking. After the death of Emperor Jiaqing, Daoguang succeeded to the throne. When Daoguang first became emperor, the number of opium imports was only 4000 boxes. In just 18 years, opium imports soared to 40200 boxes.
The spread of opium not only made China people's health worse and worse, but also made a lot of silver flow to foreign countries, greatly reducing the financial revenue of the imperial court. The Qing dynasty carried out the policy of banning smoking. Unexpectedly, opium smuggling not only failed to converge, but became more rampant.
Everyone has different views on smoking ban. Some people support it, others oppose it. Lin Zexu, governor of Huguang, is a staunch supporter of smoking ban. Lin Zexu was born in Fujian. His parents expect their son to study hard and become a big official in the future.
However, Lin Zexu's father's income is very meager, and Lin Zexu's mother has to do some manual work every day to share the burden of the family. Under such circumstances, it is quite difficult to send Lin Zexu to study, but fortunately, Lin Zexu's father is a private school teacher and intends to train Lin Zexu himself.
So when Lin Zexu was four years old, his father taught him four books and five classics. At the age of fourteen, he became a scholar; At the age of twenty, I won an award. As Lin Zexu grew up, his family became more and more difficult. Lin Zexu had to leave his hometown and become a private school teacher.
Later, he resigned as a private school teacher and went to Xiamen to find a job in coastal defense. Fortunately, Lin Zexu was appreciated by Zhang Shicheng, the newly appointed governor of Fujian, and was recruited to work in Zhang Shicheng's house.
Then Lin Zexu became a scholar and began to enter the officialdom, fulfilling his parents' expectations. During his time as an official, he was strict with himself and set an example in everything. He is a good official deeply loved by the masses.
While in Xiamen, Lin Zexu noticed opium smuggling. Later, opium became more and more rampant in China, and he appealed to the court that opium must be banned.
Before the emperor gave instructions on the throne, he began to strictly ban opium in his own place. He also had a pill prepared for him to help opium addicts quit smoking.
Smoking prohibition has achieved good results, but this is only a small scale. In other places, there are still many people suffering from opium, and eliminating the source of opium is the key. So he wrote another memorial, proposing how to gradually realize the ban on smoking.
The wavering Daoguang read the words on the throne. "If opium continues to flood, then in a few decades, China will have no soldiers who can defend against the enemy and no money to serve as a salary." Finally, he decided to ban smoking. So Daoguang appointed Lin Zexu as an imperial envoy and went to Guangzhou to ban opium.
It took two months from Beijing to Guangzhou, and people in Guangzhou were waiting for Lin Zexu's arrival, so many people greeted him on the day he arrived in Guangzhou. Lin Zexu did not let the people down.
He had mastered a lot of information in advance before he arrived. The day after he arrived in Guangzhou, he issued a notice prohibiting smoking. He ordered foreign opium dealers to hand over opium within a time limit and asked them to promise not to smuggle opium in the future. At that time, the British commercial supervision in China was a sly guy. He refused to hand over opium, and he ignored Lin Zexu's orders.
Lin Zexu then solemnly declared: "As long as there are endless opium, I will not return to Beijing for a day, and I swear to let this matter end." Under the resolute struggle of Lin Zexu, Yifa and opium dealers agreed to hand over all opium.
It took 18 days from Lin Zexu to Guangzhou until Yiliu was forced to agree to hand over all opium. Lin Zexu won the first round of opium collection.
Then it is necessary for opium dealers to honor their promises and hand over opium. It took 34 days to collect a * * *. During this period, Lin Zexu did not relax for a moment. He verified the amount of opium collected and reported it to Daoguang.
Daoguang asked Lin Zexu to destroy the opium collected at the scene. So the world-famous action of destroying opium in Humen began under the command of Lin Zexu.
Lin Zexu had people dig two big ponds, put water in them, then soaked opium, and added quicklime to the water. When quicklime is put into water, it will generate a lot of heat, and it can immediately boil raw water. This is how opium put into water is destroyed.
It took 23 days for all the opium seized to be destroyed. The action of selling cigarettes has won the support of the broad masses of the people, and Humen Beach is watched by tens of thousands of people every day.
The anti-smoking movement led by Lin Zexu was the first victory in the history of China people's anti-aggression struggle, which declared to the whole world that the Chinese nation would never give in to the invaders.
8. Who is the hero of the historical story of opium eradication in Humen? 1, the heroes who destroyed Humen opium were Lin Zexu, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang.
2. The destruction of opium in Humen (June 1839) refers to a historical event in which Lin Zexu, an imperial envoy of the Qing Dynasty in China, concentrated on the destruction of opium in Humen, Guangdong. This incident later became the fuse of the First Opium War, in which treaty of nanking was also signed by the Qing Dynasty.
1June 3, 839 (April 22, 19th year of Daoguang reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Qing Dynasty), Lin Zexu ordered the public destruction of opium in Humentan, which lasted for 23 days until June 25, and destroyed opium 19 187 boxes and 2 1 19 bags.
The destruction of opium in Humen has become a historic event in the anti-drug struggle. June 3, which began with the destruction of opium in Humen, was designated as a no-smoking festival during the Republic of China. June 26, the day after the end of cigarette sales, also happened to be the International Anti-Drug Day.
3, three visits to the cottage: Gu: visit; A thatched cottage. It was originally a story about Liu Bei's visit to Zhuge Liang at the end of Han Dynasty. Metaphor is sincere and invited again and again. [ 1]
The story of Liu Bei's three visits to Zhuge Liang at the end of Han Dynasty. Since then, it has become a much-told story, gradually becoming an allusion, and it contains "The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi, Zhuge Liang Chuan, One Model". Now it is often used to express sincerity and repeatedly invite and visit sages with expertise.