Fan Wenyi
Through this study of fire law and practical knowledge, I have a certain understanding of fire work and mastered some basic theoretical knowledge of fire safety work. In this regard, the main experiences are as follows:
First, fire safety management should be "safety first, prevention first" and take fire safety as the top priority.
Everyone knows the harm caused by fire, but it is often ignored in daily work. Instead, it is paralysis and luck. It is often necessary to wait until the accident does happen and causes losses before coming back to alert. This is because the fire prevention work is not put in the first place. The eighteen words "hidden danger is more dangerous than open fire, prevention is better than disaster relief, and responsibility is more important than Mount Tai" were put forward by comrades more than 20 years ago and are still the main theme of fire safety management. The key to do a good job of prevention is to pay more attention to this work. On campus, we should aim at eliminating fire hazards and improving fire prevention awareness, and do a good job in fire safety with practical actions and measures instead of making oral articles.
Second, strengthen fire safety knowledge training and raise awareness of prevention.
Because some jobs involve high-risk substances such as flammable and explosive chemicals, there is already a certain awareness of fire hazards on campus, but through this training, it is found that the existing awareness of prevention is still not enough. Both front-line employees and managers should have a full understanding of the fire risks and fire-fighting facilities such as fire exits that may be involved in their posts and departments. No matter who is in a high-risk fire position or other personnel, they should receive regular fire safety education and training from relevant experts, including: relevant fire laws and regulations, fire safety system, and operating procedures to ensure fire safety; Fire hazards and fire prevention measures of various departments and posts; The effectiveness of various fire-fighting facilities and the use of fire-fighting equipment; Knowledge and skills of reporting fire, fighting initial fire and self-help and escape.
Three, fire safety work should be "three stresses", leaving no gap for hidden dangers.
The first is "get down to business". In addition to regular training, departments involved in inflammable and explosive devices and articles should regularly organize fire prevention inspections, record hidden fire hazards when they are found, and study and rectify them in time. Organizing the establishment of a voluntary fire brigade can not only put out early fires in time, but more importantly, through the organization of the voluntary fire brigade, the fire awareness and skills will be deeply involved in all aspects of key departments.
The second is "grasping the weak." Areas with relatively few fire safety hazards are often the most easily overlooked areas, but relatively few safety hazards do not mean that there are no safety hazards. Fire safety hazards are different from production safety hazards. The latter will only happen at a specific time and place, while the former may appear in every corner of the campus.
The third is "grasping the details". The levee of a thousand miles was destroyed in the ant nest. Fire prevention should focus on the overall situation, but it should start from small things. Details are not easy to attract attention, such as aging of insulation materials and misplaced waste paper baskets. But almost all major accidents are due to "carelessness" and "carelessness" at the beginning, and these easily overlooked details can easily become amplifiers of small accidents, which can make a single spark start a prairie fire.
Fan wener
/kloc-In May, the newly revised Fire Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Fire Protection Law) was promulgated and implemented. Through studying the fire protection law, I deeply feel that the new regulations have enhanced a lot in operability and the implementation of "responsibilities" in various implementation links. Among them, the newly added chapter "Supervision and Inspection" emphasizes the supervision and inspection measures taken by fire control organs on fire hazards in enterprises and institutions, which reflects the improvement of the state's emphasis on fire control work. At the same time, it also strengthens the legal basis in the management of property service enterprises. I am the assistant director of Tianfu Property Investment Service Management Center. The biggest management project of our center is the office building of Tianjin Development Zone Investment Service Center, and I am responsible for fire management. Here, I will communicate with my colleagues in the industry in combination with the newly promulgated Fire Protection Law:
First, how to improve the fire safety training, fire inspection and fire inspection system.
Paragraph 5 of Article 16 and Paragraph 3 of Article 17 of the Fire Protection Law mentioned respectively that relevant units should organize fire prevention inspections, and key fire prevention units should carry out daily fire prevention inspections and establish inspection records, conduct pre-job fire safety training for employees and organize regular fire safety training and fire drills. The above contents put forward specific requirements from the legal point of view. But it is also the most basic, emphasizing the requirements of "establishment", how to really "perfect" these systems?
First of all, the main person in charge of the unit, as the person in charge of the unit's fire safety, should attach great importance to the construction of the fire control system ideologically. However, in reality, the leaders of individual units are busy with official business and other decision-making affairs, and have not paid enough and due attention to the fire control work. As a result, the construction of fire protection system is stagnant or cannot be further improved. In the long run, it will be out of touch with the actual work and reduce operability. Consciousness determines behavior, and the attention and support of the person in charge of the unit will lay a good foundation for the effective development of fire management.
Secondly, the establishment of fire safety training, fire inspection and other systems should be closely combined with the actual project types, building fire protection characteristics and owners' needs. Take Fu Tou Tower in Development Zone as an example. This project is a high-rise public building project, which belongs to the key fire protection unit in the development zone and has high requirements for building fire protection. Therefore, in the daily fire management work, according to the characteristics of hidden dangers in high-rise buildings, the daily patrol inspection system is strictly implemented, and fire protection files are established and improved. Employees must receive fire safety training before taking up their posts. The training content should include the characteristics and types of high-rise building fires, how to prevent and escape and other related targeted content.
Third, fire management personnel should carefully check the compatibility and applicability with the actual work during the implementation of the system. Under normal circumstances, the relevant system should be adjusted and enriched every six months according to the actual work content or the changes of the owner's needs. And timely publicity to employees, in order to collect suggestions or opinions, after finishing and improving, promulgated and implemented after being discussed and approved by the leadership meeting.
Fourth, the system has stood the test of practice in guiding work. When formulating or perfecting the fire management system, we must adhere to the principle of "applicability and ease of use" and avoid entering the misunderstanding of "talking too much", otherwise it will mislead employees in actual implementation and ultimately affect the implementation effect of specific work. So, I suggest you start with the Product Manual. Almost all consumers can use the product correctly after reading the instructions. It is precisely because of its popularity and universal applicability that we are easy to understand and operate.
Second, how to strengthen the maintenance and management of safety evacuation facilities and fire fighting facilities and equipment.
The third paragraph of Article 16 of the Fire Protection Law stipulates that "building fire protection facilities should be comprehensively inspected at least once a year to ensure that they are in good condition and effective, and the inspection records should be complete and accurate, and kept on file for future reference." ; The first paragraph of Article 73 clearly stipulates that fire control facilities refer to "all kinds of automatic fire extinguishing systems and safe evacuation facilities". How to strengthen the maintenance and management of the above facilities and equipment?
First of all, according to the above-mentioned legal provisions, it is mandatory to organize an annual inspection of automatic fire fighting devices. The test report will be posted in the fire control room for inspection by the fire department. Whether the fire-fighting facilities supporting buildings are in good condition and effective will directly affect the effectiveness and timeliness of alarm, fighting and evacuation in case of fire, and play an important role in preventing and ensuring the safety of national property and personnel. At the same time, after the fire, all kinds of information left by the automatic fire extinguishing system has important reference value for summarizing, analyzing and judging the cause of the fire. Therefore, Article 29 of the Fire Protection Law specifically points out that "the unit responsible for the maintenance and management of public * * * fire-fighting facilities shall keep the public * * * fire-fighting facilities such as fire water supply, fire communication and fire lanes intact and effective", and the property service enterprise is responsible for the maintenance and management of public * * * fire-fighting facilities in the region.
Second, the daily maintenance and inspection of public fire control facilities can be assigned to the engineering department and the order maintenance department. The engineering department is responsible for establishing the equipment account and marking the equipment, distinguishing the types and quantities of equipment inside and outside the warranty period, and making the maintenance plan. Strictly implement the patrol inspection system of equipment. For example, the fire sprinkler pump must be inspected regularly to prevent some spare parts from rusting and damaging after being stopped for a long time. Buildings with diesel generators should also be inspected regularly, every time 15 minutes or so, once every half month. Non-residential projects are recommended to be done at night, otherwise the noise and smell will affect the normal production and life of the owners. The order department is responsible for establishing the account of fire-fighting equipment and marking relevant equipment. Check the fire-fighting equipment at least once every quarter, and carefully check the bottle body of the fire-fighting equipment for corrosion, impact depression, qualified pressure, etc. Strictly follow the requirements of the document GA95-20 15 Rules for the Maintenance and Scrapping of Fire Extinguishers issued by the Ministry of Public Security. Non-conforming products should be sorted and summarized in time and handed over to qualified professional maintenance manufacturers for maintenance. In general, the commonly used dry powder fire extinguishers should be scrapped and updated after 10 years.
Third, the effectiveness of relevant fire-fighting facilities should be tested through evacuation drills every six months or one year. Such as evacuation broadcast, shutter doors, cutting off non-power supply, evacuation alarm, elevator forced landing and other common devices. These devices can play a key role in saving national property and people's lives in practical use. If there is any fault, it should be repaired immediately to ensure that it can meet the needs of use at any time. Among them, the maintenance of special evacuation equipment such as broadcasting, alarm bells and safety indicator lights should be put in the first place, because in case of fire, all rescue forces should put the life safety of personnel in the first place, and evacuation facilities are the main equipment to ensure that personnel leave the scene as soon as possible. Please don't ignore the last link of evacuation: the fire evacuation door. The door next to the evacuation staircase or evacuation passage is a fire evacuation door, which is rarely used at ordinary times. Some units will post notices to tell passers-by that they will not open unless there is an emergency, but it is easy to ignore its daily maintenance. Once it cannot be opened in case of fire, the consequences are unimaginable. Therefore, it is suggested that engineers should maintain the doors, locks, lotus leaves and other accessories and facilities every quarter to keep them in good condition. The order department should establish the test and evaluation of emergency opening of evacuation doors in case of sudden emergency, so that the evacuation doors can be quickly opened for people to use in case of fire or other situations requiring immediate evacuation.
Three, how to improve the rectification of fire hazards, fire emergency evacuation plan.
Article 16 of the Fire Protection Law requires the relevant units to "formulate fire-fighting emergency evacuation plans to eliminate fire hazards in time." First of all, the property management enterprise should sign a fire safety agreement with the owner to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties in fire safety. Fire hazards are mainly caused by owners, such as littering and connecting wires privately. In non-residential projects, owners smoke in public areas and don't turn off high-power appliances after work. Faced with these problems, in addition to strengthening daily inspections, we should also strengthen fire prevention publicity for owners. The improvement of the owner's own awareness of fire prevention will effectively reduce the incidence of hidden dangers, and finally achieve the goal of group prevention and treatment. In daily work, the common hidden dangers that affect the use of public fire-fighting facilities are: sundries piled up under the shutter door, blocking the smooth flow of fire exits, and so on. Once these phenomena are discovered, they should be rectified immediately. For individual hidden dangers that are difficult to rectify, such as unqualified fire protection rating of decoration materials and too small fire protection spacing of buildings, the rectification should be urged by the industry Committee or the unit where the parties are located. If the hidden danger level is high and it is easy to cause fire, the fire department may issue a Notice of Rectification within a time limit to the unit or individual where the hidden danger is located. If it fails to rectify within the time limit, it shall be temporarily sealed up according to law. Before the rectification of hidden dangers, special personnel should be arranged to supervise the rectification, strengthen the patrol of hidden danger areas, and allocate fire-fighting equipment nearby to prevent fires.
Second, the fire emergency plan is an important part of the fire management documents. It must include three main links: alarm, fire fighting and evacuation. At the same time, it is necessary to organize all employees to exercise regularly, so that each employee can memorize his post and responsibilities to prevent fire. In the process of making the plan, we must make clear the principle of unified command and giving priority to saving people, and arrange the owners to participate in the exercise as much as possible, which can increase the practical significance of the exercise. The author believes that it is a powerful guarantee for car owners to master the necessary common sense of self-help and escape and use it reasonably. During the Wenchuan earthquake, the fact that thousands of teachers and students in a middle school were successfully evacuated without casualties in a few minutes was inspiring. The reason is that the school organizes all teachers and students to participate in evacuation drills before the start of school every year, and even each class is familiar with its own escape route. Therefore, it is obvious to improve the plan and popularize knowledge through practical exercises.
To sum up, fire management emphasizes that responsibility lies with people and implementation lies with people. After all, the incidence of fire is limited, but the consequences and effects are serious. In daily work, we should be prepared for danger in times of peace, and be prepared for danger in times of peace. The fire protection policy in the primary stage of socialism in China is "prevention first, combining prevention with elimination", which shows that prevention is the basis of preventing fire accidents, and only by doing so can one party be safe.