With the continuous enhancement of Hainan's tourism reception capacity, the gradual expansion of tourism industry scale and the continuous improvement of tourism infrastructure, tourism plays an increasingly important role in promoting the economic development of related industries. Hainan's tourism industry is dominated by sightseeing, supplemented by holidays and conferences.
(1) The level of tourism development.
The number of tourists and the level of tourism income in a region are important quantitative indicators to judge the development of tourism in this region. In 2004, Hainan received a total of 6.5438+0.40288 million tourists, including 6.5438+0.37202 million domestic tourists, accounting for 97.8% of all tourists coming to Qionglai. It received 308,600 overseas tourists, accounting for 2.2% of the total number of tourists. The total tourism revenue in 2004 was11.01billion yuan, of which the domestic tourism revenue was 10424 billion yuan, accounting for 93.9% of the total tourism revenue.
(2) The scale of tourism.
Because of optimistic about the good prospects of Hainan's tourism development, all walks of life pay more and more attention to Hainan's tourism industry, with increasing investment and rapid expansion of tourism scale. According to the data of economic census, there were 845 corporate enterprises engaged in tourism management in Hainan Province in 2004, accounting for 7.78% of the number of corporate units in the tertiary industry. There are 49,325 employees, accounting for18.64% of the employees in the corporate units of the tertiary industry; The main business income is 3,836,543.8 million yuan, accounting for 4.94% of the number of corporate units in the tertiary industry; Total assets19.649 billion yuan, accounting for 2.98% of the legal entity of the tertiary industry. Among them, there are 604 accommodation units in the province, with a total of 50,334; 103305 beds. There are 296 tourist hotels in the accommodation industry, with a total of 37 rooms119 and 78,705 beds. There are 365,438+0,297 employees in tourist hotels, with total assets of 65,438+0,654,38+0,665,438+0 billion yuan. Travel agencies 184, with 2,729 employees and total assets13.65 million yuan. According to economic types, there are 0/98 state-owned enterprises, accounting for 23.4% of the total number of tourism enterprises; 275 private enterprises, accounting for 32.5%; 7 1 foreign capital, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises, accounting for 8.4%; Limited liability companies 137, 55 collective enterprises, 22 joint-stock enterprises, 22 joint ventures, 45 joint-stock companies and 20 other enterprises. This shows that private enterprises in Hainan tourism enterprises have developed rapidly in recent years, and their economic strength has been continuously enhanced, showing a pattern of coexistence of various economic components.
(3) Tourism product development and tourism infrastructure construction.
In recent years, Hainan Province has not only gradually integrated and optimized traditional tourism projects in the development of tourism, but also carefully created tourism hotspots according to the characteristics of tourism resources and changes in market demand, and highlighted the development of various characteristic tourism products that can fully reflect Hainan's natural, cultural and historical characteristics, effectively enhancing the competitiveness of tourism products. Some characteristic tourism projects have had a certain impact in China and achieved good demonstration effect. For example, Nansan, a tourist attraction with high taste and distinctive features, combines Hainan's ecological culture and historical culture. A number of holiday and leisure hotel communities with different architectural styles, represented by Yalong Bay National Tourism Resort, have become the first choice for domestic tourists to avoid the cold in winter. The successful holding of Boao Forum for Asia has set an example for the rise of Hainan conference tourism and the improvement of conference level. Including Delta, Yalong Bay and Boao, 16 the distribution density of coastal and mountain golf courses with their own characteristics ranks among the best in domestic provinces and cities. The construction of scenic spots (scenic spots) has been significantly accelerated. At present, there are 49 scenic spots (spots) in the whole province, among which 7 scenic spots (spots) such as Tianya Haijiao and Nanshan Tourist Area have been rated as national 4A-level scenic spots (spots). At the same time, the province's tourism infrastructure construction is becoming more and more perfect, especially the traffic "bottleneck" restriction of tourism development is further eased, and the accessibility of tourist attractions is significantly enhanced. In terms of transportation, communication, water and electricity supply, it can basically meet the development of modern tourism and the needs of domestic and foreign tourists, and initially form a coordinated and fully functional tourism facilities supply system. Five cities, including Haikou and Sanya, won the title of national excellent tourist city.
(4) Tourism laws and industrial policies.
Tourism legal system construction is in the forefront of the country. 65438-0992 Hainan Provincial Tourism Bureau organized and formulated the Outline of Tourism Planning in Hainan Province. From 65438 to 0995, Hainan took the lead in introducing the first local tourism regulation, Hainan Provincial Tourism Management Regulations. 65438-0998 Hainan Province revised the Regulations on Tourism Management in Hainan Province and promulgated the Regulations on Tourism Market Management in Hainan Province. On March 1 day, 2002, the Tourism Regulations of Hainan Province was officially promulgated and implemented. The overall tourism planning of Hainan Province has also been adopted at present. At the same time, in order to speed up the development of tourism and holiday resources in Hainan, the state has also given Hainan many preferential policies to encourage the development of tourism. For example, citizens from more than 20 countries and regions who take ordinary passports to participate in tour groups with more than 5 people can be exempted from visas within 15 days; The state also chartered Hainan Province to have the third, fourth and fifth types of international air traffic rights opening policies. These laws and policy measures have laid a solid foundation for the accelerated development of tourism in Hainan.
Second, the position and role of Hainan tourism in the province's economic development
First of all, from the macro function of tourism, tourism is not only a service industry in the traditional sense, but also a comprehensive industry with high correlation, wide coverage and strong driving force. It is in the core position of industrial clusters in the national economy and the tertiary industry, and plays a core role in promoting the development of other industries. Tourism consumption is directly invested in six departments: food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment. The related driving role of tourism not only directly brings tourists and markets to transportation, hotel catering, commodity trade and scenic spots, but also indirectly drives and affects the development of agriculture, industry, urban construction, culture and other industries, thus accelerating the development of modern service industries such as finance, insurance and information, thus optimizing the industrial structure and accelerating the urbanization process. In 2004, the added value of tourism in Hainan was 4.884 billion yuan, accounting for 6.0% of the province's GDP and 65.438+04.6% of the added value of the tertiary industry.
Secondly, judging from the spread and joint benefits of tourism, Hainan's tourism development is based on a low level of national economy. As a leading industry, compared with other industries, tourism benefits not only in tourism revenue, but also in social benefits. In other words, making use of the comprehensive characteristics of tourism economy, through the investment and development of tourism, we can promote the all-round development of related industries of national economy in a certain range. "Tourism sets the stage, economic and trade singing opera" is the visual explanation of tourism function under this model. For example, the interaction between tourism and real estate in Hainan in recent years is quite obvious. Many domestic tourists with superior economic conditions used the Golden Week to buy real estate in Sanya and Haikou, which led to the rapid development of local real estate industry and historical changes in urban economic structure. Tourism real estate has gradually become the brand and advantage of Hainan's real estate industry in China.
Thirdly, from the particularity of tourism, tourism belongs to labor-intensive industry because of its extensiveness and richness. In 2004, there were 49,325 direct employees in tourism enterprises in the province, accounting for 18.64% of the employees in legal entities of the tertiary industry. Due to the strong driving role of tourism, many related industries can be active with the continued prosperity of the tourism market, open up the consumption field, attract a large number of employed people, and form the main channel of local employment.
In addition, compared with other industries, tourism needs low technical content, less capital investment and quick results, which is suitable for the economic development of poverty-stricken areas in the central and western regions with relatively backward culture and technology and lack of funds. Through the development of tourism, the exchange and communication of personnel, information, technology and funds with the outside world can promote the development and construction of other economic industries in mountainous areas with inconvenient transportation and poor information, and can directly help the poor people in remote mountainous areas in central and western China, where ethnic minorities are dominant, and promote national culture.
Therefore, it can be said that tourism is an industry related to the whole society. The development and decline of tourism is not a problem of tourism itself, but a problem that affects the development of the whole industry of the national economy.