Keywords: basic strategies for working capital management of small and micro enterprises

Working Capital The "working capital" of an enterprise, also called "working capital",

The concept of "working capital" has narrow and broad meanings.

The broad meaning of working capital is the total current assets of an enterprise. This concept is mainly used to study the liquidity and turnover of enterprise assets.

In a narrow sense, working capital refers to the balance of total current assets minus current liabilities, also known as net working capital. Since net working capital can be regarded as the source of capital for enterprises to invest in non-current assets and pay off non-current liabilities, the narrow concept of working capital is mainly used to study the solvency and financial risks of enterprises. Therefore, the holding status and management level of working capital of enterprises are directly related to the profitability and financial risks of enterprises. Working capital in a broad sense is a concrete concept, which includes all current assets of an enterprise, including cash and securities, accounts receivable and prepayments and various inventory assets held by the enterprise in a certain period of time.

Relatively speaking, working capital in a narrow sense is an abstract concept, which is only the difference between current assets and current liabilities of an enterprise in a certain period of time, and does not specifically refer to an asset. The determination of this difference depends entirely on the operation and financial situation of the enterprise in a certain period, which is an important basis for judging and analyzing the capital operation situation and financial risk degree of the enterprise. "

Small and micro enterprises

Small and micro enterprises are collectively referred to as small enterprises, micro enterprises, family workshop enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households proposed by the economist Professor Lang Xianping. The Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission issued a notice, deciding to exempt 22 administrative fees for small and micro enterprises in the next three years to reduce the burden on small and micro enterprises.

Enterprise planning

1. According to the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and Several Opinions of the State Council on Further Promoting the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (Guo Fa [2009] No.36), these Provisions are formulated;

Second, small and medium-sized enterprises are divided into three types: medium-sized, small-sized and micro-sized. The specific standards are formulated according to employees, operating income, total assets and other indicators, combined with industry characteristics;

3. The industries to which these Provisions apply include: agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, industry (including mining, manufacturing, electric power, heat, gas and water production and supply), construction, wholesale, retail, transportation (excluding railway transportation), warehousing, postal services, accommodation, catering and information transmission (including telecommunications, Internet and related services) leasing. ).

Determination of tax amount:

Working capital management

Working capital is the most dynamic part of enterprise capital, and the survival and development of enterprises depend on the operation of working capital to a great extent or even fundamentally. The turnover of fixed assets is realized by transferring its value to the product value in stages after the sales revenue is realized. In this process, working capital plays the role of a conveyor belt, binding the value of fixed assets with the value of current assets, and then converting them into monetary assets through production, sales, payment and other links.

The original value of current assets in these monetary assets can continue to be invested in the next capital cycle, and the monetary funds converted from the original value and new value of fixed assets can be used for new investment in fixed assets or to increase the scale of current assets.

Therefore, working capital turnover is the support of fixed capital and even the whole capital turnover. Obviously, without the good operation of working capital, it is impossible for enterprises to survive and develop, and it is impossible to talk about the realization of various goals defined by people for enterprises.

Basic strategies that small and micro enterprises should implement

avoid risks

In order to realize profits and sell more products, many enterprises often use the form of credit sales. One-sided pursuit of sales performance may ignore the management of accounts receivable, resulting in low management efficiency. For example, there is a lack of control over the cash flow and credit status of credit sales, and it is easy for the book profit to be higher than the actual funds due to the default of payment. In this regard, the financial department should strengthen the control of credit sales and pre-purchase business, formulate corresponding accounts receivable and pre-payment control systems, strengthen the management of accounts receivable, recover accounts receivable in time, reduce risks, and thus improve the efficiency of enterprise capital use.

Value added

Accounting profit is the result of the ratio of current income to expense cost. At any income level, enterprises should do a good job in controlling internal costs and expenses, make a good budget, strengthen management and reduce unnecessary expenses, so as to improve profits and increase enterprise value.

increase efficiency

Financial management should stand in the perspective of the overall situation of enterprises, build a scientific forecasting system and make a scientific budget. Budgets include sales budget, purchasing budget, investment budget, labor budget and expense budget. These budgets enable enterprises to predict risks, get all kinds of information about funds in time, and take timely measures to prevent risks and improve efficiency. At the same time, these budgets can coordinate the work of various departments of the enterprise and improve the efficiency of internal cooperation. Moreover, under the guidance of sales, expenses and other budgets, the sales department can also have a certain understanding of the market in advance, grasp the market changes, and reduce the market risk of inventory.

Improve the system

Clarify the responsibility system of internal management. Many enterprises think that collection is a matter for the financial department and has nothing to do with the sales department. Actually, this is a wrong view. In fact, the salesperson should be mainly responsible for the collection of accounts receivable. If the salesperson is also responsible for collecting accounts receivable when providing goods on credit, then he will treat every account receivable with caution.

The following is the outline of this paper.

I. General introduction

(1) Problems and research background;

(two) the significance of working capital research;

1. Working capital covers a wide range.

2. Working capital turnover is the basis of enterprise capital turnover.

(C) the structure and methods of working capital research

Two. Overview of working capital of small and micro enterprises

(A) Overview of small and micro enterprises

(2) Overview of working capital

Thirdly, the comparison of working capital management between Chinese and western enterprises and the problems existing in working capital management of small and micro enterprises in China.

(A) the combination of internal and external working capital management of western enterprises

(B) China small and micro enterprises working capital inflow management

(C) Problems in the working capital management of small and micro enterprises in China

1. Lack of research on working capital structure management.

2. The inefficient operation of enterprise working capital is more common.

3. Disadvantages of working capital management under decentralized management

4. Problems and solutions of working capital management of central enterprises.

(A) the establishment of working capital management performance evaluation system

1 Construction process of working capital management performance evaluation system

2 the possibility of integration of working capital evaluation indicators

(2) Improve the internal control system for working capital management of small and micro enterprises.

1. Improve internal control

2. Conduct a comprehensive risk assessment.

3. Establish good control activities

4. Establish extensive information and communication.

5. Strengthen the supervision and re-evaluation of internal control.

(C) to strengthen the "zero working capital management" awareness

1 the concept and basic principle of "zero working capital management"

2 Small and micro enterprises to achieve "zero working capital management" strategy

20 14 years122 October