Abstract: With the rapid development of Hongcun tourism in Anhui Province, its tourism industry has also made great progress. Tourism not only brings economic benefits to Hongcun to a certain extent, but also affects the social life, traditional culture and local environment of the ancient city. This paper attempts to analyze and discuss some problems in the development of Hongcun tourism in Anhui Province from the personal experience of local people.
Keywords: Hongcun; Tourism; Development; Culture; environment
Hongcun is located in the northeast of yi county, with a village area of 19. 1 1 hectare. The whole village is built by mountains and water, and there are green hills behind the village as a barrier. The terrain of Gao Shuang can block the wind blowing from the north, so there is no crisis of flash floods, and there is no joy of looking up to the sound of mountain springs. Eight or nine hundred years ago, the village builders had the foresight to build villages according to the water system, so it is as spiritual as water, which is why it is more attractive than other villages with Huizhou architecture. Hongcun Village, yi county, Huangshan City, Anhui Province is known as the "village in painting".
From 65438 to 0999, an expert jury composed of the Ministry of Construction, the Cultural Relics Bureau and other relevant units made a field trip to Hongcun, and adopted the protection and development plan of Hongcun in an all-round way. On June 30, 2000, Hongcun was listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO. 200 1, has also been identified as a national key cultural relics protection unit and a patriotic education base in Anhui province. He joined the China Association of Scenic Spots on February 30th, 2002, and joined the World Cultural Heritage Committee of the China Association of Scenic Spots in March, 2003. In July, 2003, he was officially named as a national 4A scenic spot, and in February, 2003, he was named as the first batch of famous Chinese historical and cultural villages (one of the first batch of 12 famous historical and cultural villages in China). In 20 13, CNN selected "the five most beautiful water towns in China". Anhui Hongcun ranks among them.
As a world cultural heritage, Hongcun has also welcomed friends from all over the world, especially those from the film and television art circles. In addition to classic costume action movies such as Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Su, a large number of other excellent movies and TV series are also filmed here. It is misty and rainy in the south of the Yangtze River. Hongcun also had a TV series "The Great Ancestral Temple". At that time, the whole scenic spot was very lively and the local villagers were addicted to actors. All the scenes were shot in the belly of a cow (Moon Bay).
The author's main purpose in Hongcun at that time was to sketch in the local area, so in addition to sketching, the author and his classmates also learned about various local conditions, so this report appeared.
Anhui Hongcun scenic spot
I. Survey description
In view of the fact that the author noticed that the local residents are very tired of the questionnaire survey and other activities (considering the reality, so many tourists ask questions every day, which is really disgusting), this topic adopts the methods of field investigation and comprehensive interview, covering the residents' material and cultural life, ideological attitude, language and folk culture, mainly aiming at people's views, opinions and suggestions on the transformation of ancient villages and the development of ancient city tourism resources.
In order to make the survey universal and authentic, and reflect the attitudes of people at different levels of society, the author made a full preliminary investigation and analysis on the determination of the scope of the survey and the selection of the respondents. In the actual investigation process, the respondents were randomly selected, and the sex ratio of the respondents was controlled to be close to 1: 1. The age is mainly young and middle-aged, and the occupation scope includes administrative personnel, workers, farmers, service industry, teachers and so on.
Second, the analysis of the survey results
(A) the impact of tourism development on local residents' economy
The author learned from the communication with local residents that more than 75% of the villagers in Hongcun still take farming as their main business. Besides, at present, less than ten villagers have transformed their houses into guest houses (with the approval of the government, of course). Some primitive villagers (Hongcun people) can only afford one child to go to school because of the limited economic conditions, and their academic qualifications are basically junior high school or high school.
The local primitive villagers only have 1, 000 to 1 per household a year, and the income of 500 yuan (of course, the author asked many residents, although their answers were inconsistent, but the average level was higher than this). The villagers said that most of the tourism income belongs to investment companies, some to the government and a small part has been distributed to them. Therefore, we can see that it is difficult for villagers to benefit directly from tourism income.
The author interviewed an uncle who set up a stall in his home. His main source of income is his own craft, such as making various bamboo crafts such as teapots and cups with bamboo. He told me that he can make a bamboo teapot and a dozen cups a day. It seems that the output is very high, but he can only earn dozens or even dozens of dollars a day. Because there are many residents who make a living from this, the market competition is fierce, which leads to the price increase.
Although Hongcun tourism in Anhui has developed for many years, local residents generally believe that tourism development has little impact on their income. The author thinks that the main reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: (1) From the survey object, among the people surveyed, administrators, teachers and workers receive fixed wages and their income is relatively stable; (2) Because farmers seldom have direct contact with tourism, the development of tourism has no obvious influence on their economic income; (3) Affected by the off-season, the overall tourism income of service employees is low.
(b) the impact of tourism development on the lifestyle of local residents
Because Hongcun is not particularly large, after becoming a tourist attraction, the original residents mainly engaged in commercial operation or shop rental, and some changed their lifestyles with the off-season, engaged in street catering in the off-season, and engaged in other non-tourism things in the off-season. People's traditional diet structure has not changed much, and they still focus on original local cuisine. Residents' leisure life mainly includes watching TV, playing mahjong, playing chess and shopping. Recently, some forms of entertainment and leisure, such as ballroom dancing, karaoke and surfing the Internet, have also emerged quietly.
(C) the impact of tourism development on local residents' ideological cognition
1. Ideal job. In the survey, it is found that due to the development of tourism, some local young people regard tour guides as the first choice for their future work, especially young women in Hongcun, who often work as part-time tour guides even if they have stable jobs. However, more young people expressed their hope to get out of Hongcun, find a suitable job and learn more about the outside world. However, the author found that Hongcun did not pay enough attention to tourism education, and there was no unique tourism education and participation mechanism from local primary school students to college students, which can be said to be a great defect.
2. language. In terms of language communication with foreign tourists, about 75% of residents can use "Mandarin communication", but few people know how to communicate with foreign friends in simple English. When asked whether local residents are willing to spend some money and time learning foreign languages, most of the answers are no, and they say they are unwilling to waste time and money in this respect.
3. Attitude towards foreign tourists. With the development of tourism in Pingyao ancient city and the fame of the movies and TV series mentioned above, the popularity of Hongcun is constantly improving, and more and more tourists come to Hongcun. In the survey, about 30% residents choose to actively help tourists. Although this figure seems awkward, it is actually the case. Seeing too many tourists, local residents showed great numbness and even disgust when they were visited.
Three, Anhui Hongcun tourism development problems and suggestions
(1) Communication between the government and residents.
As far as the transformation of Hongcun in Anhui Province is concerned, in order to ensure the protection and utilization of Hongcun, the number of residents in the village must be controlled. However, due to the high price of building houses outside the village, the low income of the people, and the lack of government subsidies, the original residents of Hongcun could not move. Some residents also complain about poor government management and unstable policies; There are still some residents who need to be properly solved because of historical problems. In the survey, people will express their dissatisfaction with the government from time to time (especially in the residential areas frequented by them). The emergence of this phenomenon is mainly due to the lack of communication channels between the government and residents, and the communication effect is not good.
To solve this contradiction, we can consider the following aspects: First, the government should formulate stable relocation policies and supporting measures, maintain the stability and continuity of policies, and adopt a step-by-step approach. Second, the interests of local residents should be fully considered in tourism planning and development, so that people can fully feel the benefits brought by relocation; Third, the government should strengthen the guidance and education of community residents, publicize the government's principles and policies through radio, television and newspapers, enhance their tourism awareness, and open a special line to communicate with local residents on the construction and development of Hongcun. Every time the government makes a major decision, it must hold a hearing to ensure that the formulation and implementation of major decisions have a broader mass base.
(B) the sense of honesty is indifferent, and the commercialization tendency is serious.
In the early stage of Hongcun tourism development, many traditional cultures began to revive because of the rise of Hongcun tourism, and excellent historical culture was gradually recognized and respected by modern people. However, in recent years, with the further development of Hongcun tourism, the commercialization tendency of Hongcun is serious, especially the sense of honesty in tourism management is worthy of attention. In the early stage of Hongcun tourism development, the phenomenon of cheating customers still exists.
To solve this problem, first of all, the government should establish an effective tourism market supervision mechanism, supervise the services of small traders, self-employed individuals and some hotels, inns and hotels, and standardize the order of Hongcun tourism market. Secondly, the government and relevant institutions should use words, pictures, models, CDs and other means to truly and completely sort out the culture of Huizhou merchants, and use this information to educate businessmen and enhance their awareness of honest management.
(3) Tourism infrastructure construction.
In the interview and investigation, the author found that the tourism infrastructure of Hongcun still has a lot of work to do in view of its tourism popularity and tourism development speed: First, it is necessary to strengthen the garbage and sewage treatment in Hongcun, improve the garbage sorting treatment measures, and rectify the environmental sanitation (especially in residential areas and ancient city walls); Second, increase the construction of tourist toilets. The construction of Hongcun tourist toilets needs careful planning, and tourist toilets should not be allowed to drag down the development of tourism. Third, improve the Hongcun tourism identification system, and increase tourism instructions and explanation facilities in key areas of Hongcun and stations and squares outside the village to facilitate tourists' sightseeing; Fourth, increase the recreational facilities for tourism (especially the service facilities for night tour in Hongcun), increase the construction of night landscape lighting and recreational facilities, and extend the stay time of tourists in the ancient city.
(d) the impact of tourism development on the local environment
From the author's actual observation, the ecological environment of Hongcun is not optimistic. Although the river is clear, people can still see the discarded plastic bags on the beach. Hongcun's most distinctive ancient water system is also facing pollution; Domestic sewage generated by hotels and restaurants has a certain impact on the water quality of Niuchang, Moon Bay and Nanhu Lake.
Every day, a large number of tourists flock to Hongcun to visit or sketch, which makes the solution of domestic garbage in Hongcun have some problems. Here, I strongly condemn some students who dump the pigment wastewater generated during sketching at will. I think they should know that these wastewater contains a lot of chemicals and heavy metals, which seriously pollutes the water body and makes the water quality deteriorate gradually.
Historically, human and animal feces in ancient villages were mainly collected by toilets and used as agricultural fertilizer after fermentation. Sewage treatment mainly adopts mixed discharge of rain and sewage, which flows into the river after self-purification. However, with the change of villagers' lifestyle, especially the development of tourism, the number of tourists has increased greatly, which makes Hongcun have some problems in solving toilets. The hotel where the author lived was originally a supply and marketing cooperative, and later it was changed into a hotel. The public toilets there were really dirty in my opinion, but in the eyes of Hongcun villagers, they were already clean.
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