Summarize the culture technology of Monopterus albus, also known as eel and long fish. Generally, the rapid growth can be as long as 10 cm per month and as long as 300 grams, which is equivalent to the size of commercial fish for nine months. Monopterus albus, especially adapted to rural farming, is a good opportunity for farmers to get rich. Eel is a temperature-changing animal. As long as it is around 10-32℃, the water temperature will be maintained all the year round. Raising eels requires good health, active swimming, no disease and no disability, and the size can be specified. Because in the case of cannibalism, there are big bullies and small eels who bully and fear hard, and lack of food, so it should be basically the same as raising eels in the pond. Under normal circumstances, personal attention 100 or more-350g, which can be sold in the pool at any time; Individuals concentrated in more than 50 grams can develop into pools and grow into market scale; 50 grams or less, you can put the seed in the pool, and then it can grow to more than 50 grams, providing conditions for the large-scale development of eel species next year. Stocking density should be based on stocking scale and supply conditions. Generally, water per kilogram square meter 1-5 is elastic. It should be noted that the environment should be rich in water. Here, sunshine and water quality throughout the year are a key technology. That is, change water frequently to maintain good water quality. Change the water quantity once every 3-5 days in spring and autumn, and once every 2 days in summer1-. This is not a low depth of 10 cm, and the injection temperature should not exceed about 5℃. When building the built-in eel pond, a miniature pond with an area of 5-20 square meters or 30-60 meters and an area of 80- 100 cm should be built in a place with slightly higher terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage. The pool should be formed from east to west to prevent escape. You can enclose another swimming pool, 30-50 cm above the ground. The soil can be a place that is not as hard as a brick swimming pool. If the swimming pool is soft soil, use the built-in masonry wall to spread cement and point it to the bottom. Put it in hard and moderately loose soil for 30-60 cm to facilitate the hidden holes of eels. At the place where the nearby water intake is dug opposite to the lower end of the stay, and at the parallel underwater sewage outlet that discharges to the outlet, there is a screen cloth to prevent eels from escaping. In pond13, aquatic plants such as bamboo, Alternanthera philoxeroides and wormwood should be planted moderately to improve the shady pond environment on the water surface. Because eels breathe oxygen directly in the air, they often need to stick their heads out of the water. So the water level in the fish pond should be shallow. The water level should be based on the specifications of eels, and the water level in the fry pond should be shallow, generally 10-20cm. Develop some deep pools, generally 30-40 cm. Shallow eels with high oxygen consumption may be sold in ponds. They like fresh water quality. Therefore, the new water injection should always be flushed. Usually, the water is changed 1-2 times a month in winter, spring and autumn, once a week in summer, and once every 1-3 days, and the water is changed by 2050% each time, forming a micro-flow in the conditional eel pond. In hot season, the number of water changes should be increased, or shelf melons and grapes should be planted in the pool to prevent sun exposure and heatstroke. Eels are larger and deeper in the swimming pool, and a small amount of omnivorous fish such as tilapia, crucian carp, carp and catfish can be mixed, and stool bait can play a role in purifying water quality. When the eel is ready to enter tang qian, it can be fermented and decomposed with a small amount of organic fertilizer to spread chironomid larvae, silkworms, aquatic insects and other aquatic animals, or serve swimming pools or snail loaches to spread them and provide fresh live bait for fish. Where conditions permit, black lights can be set in the pool to lure insects into the pool. [Edit this paragraph] Technical measures 1. The selection and layout of eel breeding varieties should be healthy, smooth and positive, and the fry size should be the same. Each one weighs 20 grams, and finally the general requirements are appropriate. If each eel is 30-50g at the end of the year, the survival rate is high, the weight gain is fast and the yield is high. These seeds come from wild eel cubs captured in cages or markets, but they can also be artificially propagated if the skin is damaged and the eel's tail is cut off. Stocking in early spring is better. Let it go for a week. Stocking is generally per square meter 1.5-3 kg, and 5-6 kg can be put in good conditions. In short, the stocking specifications are large and the density is small, otherwise it will increase accordingly. Pay attention to stocking fish before disinfection, and the water temperature should not be too high. 2. The management and feeding of eel meat is the main method, which can be artificially fed with the meat of shellfish such as earthworms, small fish and snails, and can also be fed with some plant protein feeds such as rice bran and soybean meal at a higher level, and cannot be fed with spoiled feed. After 1-2 days, it is suitable for short-term feeding, generally feeding 1 time every day, and feeding should be done at night; Feeding time can be gradually advanced, and domesticated food can be eaten during the day. Feed at 8 pm 1 times 4-5. Japanese investment accounts for 3-5% of eel weight, from June to 6-7% of the total weight, and the monthly feeding amount; According to the temperature, food quality, water quality, etc., the feeding amount is appropriately changed. With the increase of eel body feed, the optimum growth temperature should be lower than 15, and the input should be increased. When the temperature is lower than 10℃, the feeding should be stopped, and the feed demand should enter the feeding table, which is convenient for grasping and deleting the feed intake. Eels eat animal food and fresh food, such as insects and their larvae, earthworms, small fish, silkworm chrysalis, fly maggots, snails, clams, large zooplankton and tadpoles of animal viscera. To ensure that fresh food does not deteriorate, the lack of animal feed. You can feed some plant foods, such as soybean meal, wheat bran or corn flour. It is said that plant food is mixed with minced fish to make it wet (it can't spread in water). Cut a bigger bait, or hang it in the pool to tear the food. Snails, mussels and hard-shelled clams are mashed before eating. Poisonous bait should be fed regularly, with 2-8 points for each feeding pool. The suitable temperature for eel feeding is about 15-30℃, and it has the habit of staying indoors during the day and going out at night. With ponds or other heating and heat preservation measures in winter, the eel can grow all year round, which greatly shortens the growth period, and the greenhouse is covered with plastic film, which reduces the cost and improves the productivity and efficiency. Remove the bait before feeding, so as not to affect the water quality. 3. Prevent thunderstorms, sultry weather, low air pressure and lack of oxygen in the water. You can see that the eel is out of the hole, and its head is out of the water before it stands up. At this time, new water should be injected. Also pay attention to whether the rainwater overflows smoothly and whether the company blocks the net to prevent eels from flying. There can be no rope outside the pool to extend the pool pole, so eels are most vulnerable to the rain and flee downstream. Eel small shallow pool, injected with new water to prevent the fish from escaping. The pool water should be controlled below 20 cm along the edge of the pool at any time, which is better than checking the wall and rod net of the inlet and outlet. In particular, eels are most likely to escape due to lack of food, worsening of thunderstorms and long weather cycles of rainfall or water quality. At this time, it is even more important to pay attention to the escape prevention work. In addition, it is necessary to prevent eels from being harmed by natural enemies such as ducks, rats and cats. 4. The eel fish in the screen is very competitive, and the specifications under the fish tank, lactation period and specifications will be unbalanced, which is not conducive to increasing production in the long run. Therefore, the growth of Monopterus albus should catch up with the eel pond every other month or so, and the scale of eel culture in different ponds is small. In autumn before the end of the growing season, it should come out and catch all the fish. Fish are sold into ponds when they meet the commercial specifications, and the remaining fish of different sizes are divided into pond socks according to the production needs in the coming year. Therefore, the winter of eel species adaptation will enter a stage of vigorous development after the beginning of next year. [Edit this paragraph] 1. In summer, the palatability of eel feed is mainly omnivorous carnivorous fish. I especially like live bait, or mixed feed with high protein content, and the leftovers of poultry such as larvae, small fish, clams, snails, mussels, silkworm chrysalis, earthworms, maggots and various insects are ideal eel bait. Eels like to be active at night, and it is better to feed them at 4-6 pm. Eels are gluttonous and hungry, and their hunger tolerance is not easy to detect, so it is necessary to pay attention to feeding regularly and quantitatively. Generally, 400 -500 grams of feed is given per square meter of eel pond, and the weight of eels is about 5-8%. There are fixed farms and more catering units to avoid catch-up or uneven hunger. 2. Inject fresh water with a proper depth, generally 1520 cm, and change the water regularly every day or every other day to ensure fresh water. In hot weather, thunderstorms will lack oxygen on the eve of water. On the eve of such weather, fresh water should be replenished in time. Pay attention to the smooth drainage of rainwater, avoid the rainwater flooding the pool and prevent it from flying away. 3. In order to create a suitable environment, the suitable temperature of raw eel is about 15-30℃. Too high or too low will affect the feeding and growth of eels, so it is necessary to adapt to the environment to create eels in summer and autumn with high temperature. Aquatic plants such as water hyacinth, duckweed, arrowhead and diamond white can be planted in the culture pond area, and some pumpkins and lentils can be stocked in the swimming pool 1/3 to shade the swimming pool and shed, so as to facilitate the growth of eels. 4. Pay attention to the prevention of disease by stocking eel species, take a bath for 10-20 minutes, before using 4% salt water or 10ppm bleaching powder, soak in bleaching solution with a concentration of 1 ppm or 3% salt water, and use the exotic eel disinfection pool 10-20 minutes. Eels that can effectively prevent diseases. Injured eels can produce fungi, so be careful in the process of breeding to avoid the body injury of eels. When the sick eel comes out, four ten thousandths of the mixture of baking soda and salt can be sprinkled in the whole pool, and the eel can be soaked in 3-5% salt solution for 5-8 minutes. During the feeding period, bleach with a concentration of one millionth will be spilled all over the swimming pool every month. After Monopterus albus entered the winter in May, when the water temperature was 1 1, and the temperature was lower than 15℃, Monopterus albus began to burrow into the soil and went into a dormant state until February and March of the following year. There is a fever there, so there is water all year round. If the temperature is kept at 25-30℃, eels can avoid dormancy and grow year by year. (1) Dry overwintering pond: In winter, pour out water, keep the soil moist, cover with 18cm straw to prevent the soil from freezing, and pay attention to the body injury of rats and cats entering the pond. (2) With the winter water: deepen the water in winter, improve the water quality, raise the water temperature, rest in time when the water freezes, and beware of eel suffocation due to lack of oxygen. Growth process [edit this paragraph] Eels and disease control technology, especially eels and eel seedlings just released in the breeding season, must not put straight ducks in the pond for predators. In order to prevent cats, rats, birds and other animals from preying on Monopterus albus, it is best to spend money to buy old grid ponds or take other protective measures. In summer, sometimes eels and heatstroke are comatose because of high temperature, so they should be replaced with cold water or cold ones and then fed to fresh tadpoles. In the early culture of Monopterus albus and Anguilla japonica, it is easy to cause fungi if the skin is injured. Monopterus albus got sick with white hair and loss of appetite, and finally got sick. The prevention method is to choose a healthy body with no damage on the body surface. Young eels and eels are disinfected with quicklime in the pond before stocking. He found that it would be better for eels with water mold to wipe the affected area with 5% iodine or immerse the fish in 3-4% salt water for 5 minutes. Plum Blossom Spot of Eel is a yellow spot the size of a bean on the back of eel. The eel control method keeps some toad ponds due to the prevention and treatment of toads in the body. If you have this disease, you can treat it with peeled toad head several times after swimming pool 1-2 days. Eel coccidiosis is a large number of parasitic nematode intestinal diseases caused by nematode invasion, which leads to the death of eel. The prevention method of cleaning the pond with quicklime before stocking eel seedlings can kill eggs and prevent diseases. When eels are found after illness, 5g (90%) of trichlorfon crystal eels and 3kg of soybean meal can be mixed to make medicinal bait for feeding and treatment. [Edit this paragraph] Several kinds of common eels should be well controlled during eel culture. The work description of its common disease prevention and control methods is as follows: 1, the skin of the action eel is rotten, the limbs are weak, all the water comes out in one day, the surface is round erythema, there are many sides of the abdomen, some abdomen has purpura the size of broad bean, and the skin is seriously rotted into funnel-shaped holes. If you peel off carrion, you can often see carrion and internal organs. Prevention and control methods: (1) Changing water regularly and maintaining good water quality are important preventive measures. (2) Adding new bleach 1ppm into the water at the same time, and spraying it all over the pool for 3 days, the curative effect is good. (3) Feed erythromycin 25,000 sets of thiazole mixed bait once every 3-6 days and once a day. 2. Dermatomycosis is caused by excessive stocking density or insufficient food, resulting in mutual biting of Monopterus albus, mold produced by wound infection, "white hair" on wound cotton, disease of Monopterus albus, loss of appetite and emaciation, and finally loss of director. Preventive measures: (1) Soak and clean eel species with 5% salt solution. (2) The mixture of available salt and baking soda with the incidence of 0.04% and 0.05% overflowed the whole pool. Congestive heart disease and inflammation of eel tail high-density culture are easy to occur in eel ponds or during transportation. 3. Unfinished diseases and symptoms, followed by muscle rot, causing muscle rot, tail stalk or tail, tail vertebra exposed, and the water coming out of the diseased eel head is slow to respond and unable to move. Prevention and control methods: (1) Pay attention to the water sanitation facilities in eel ponds to reduce the occurrence of diseases and injuries. (2) Spraying 0.2ppm trazodone and furosemide in the whole pool. (3) Chlortetracycline was used, and the soaking disinfection unit per milliliter of fish was 0.25, and the effect was very good. 4. For this disease, capillary nematodes invade eels caused by intestinal capillary nematodes and then die. Prevention and control methods: (1) Before putting quicklime in eel pond for disinfection, diseases can be prevented. (2) Feed 5-7.5 mussel-like eels with 9% crystal trichlorfon every 50kg, and stir for 6 days. (3) Use a mixture of 290g of total medicinal eel per 50kg of Chinese herbal medicines such as rhizome, Beijing, perilla stem and neem root bark (the ratio of 16 is 5: 3: 5), add water equivalent to the total dosage in three times, stir-fry raw water to half, pour in medicinal juice, stir-fry with water until the second method mentioned above, and mix the medicinal juice with feed twice. 5. Intestinal inflammation and congestion caused by parasitic Echinococcus capitis and severe intestinal perforation caused by intestinal obstruction led to the death of Monopterus albus. Prevention and control methods: (1) Feeding and disinfecting eel ponds can prevent quicklime before illness. (2) 40-50g of 90% crystal trichlorfon is added into every 50kg of compound feed, and eels are continuously fed for 6 days. [Edit this paragraph] The causes of cage death of Monopterus albus in winter and the prevention of common cultured eels. Around the Spring Festival, the sales of small eel continued to develop in the second year. Monopterus albus in cages often hibernate, which causes great economic losses to farmers. After years of cultivation practice, the author thinks that there are many reasons for the death of eel in cage during the winter, and corresponding measures can be taken to prevent it. 1. Physical evil is not good, because the eel's own physique, environmental changes, especially the elastic fluctuation of temperature, the difference between death and disease. Therefore, from the winter feeding management before autumn, eels must strengthen their physical fitness. The main measures are as follows: protein is rich in energy feed, which contains a certain amount of fat, such as earthworm, snail meat, fish, maggots, etc., and is a complete compound feed; Increase the feeding time, feeding once every night and once every morning; The decrease of temperature reduces the diet in the morning and evening, and the feeding time can gradually concentrate on the time when the water temperature is high at noon; Feed enough every time. 2. Plants that are not conducive to plant withering in winter are in cages, but eels still have to live in aquatic plants. Then if there are too few plants or plants don't have crisscross dense layers, it is not a good eel habitat, and finally the drop-down box at the bottom of the net dies of lack of oxygen. The prevention method is to cultivate a large number of plants in cages before winter comes. Peanut is the best variety of plants and water, because its surface and underwater parts are developed, but the underwater parts in winter are not. 3. When hibernating, the water quality is poor, and eels rely on the remaining gills and skin to breathe oxygen in the water. If the water quality is poor, oxygen in the water will also lead to eel death. Therefore, in winter, you need to maintain good water quality. This method is: keep some bodies born in water, often replenish new water and maintain a high level. 4. The low temperature tolerance of ice eel is generally about 65438 0℃. In the cold winter, if the water cage cannot cover the surface of water and ice for too long, the withered plants in the water cage will die. The prevention method is: correctly choose plants, water peanuts and oil grass for cultivation, and it is not suitable to wash with water hyacinth. 5. The main bacteria attacked by the disease, such as rot fungi and leeches. Firstly, the disease seriously affects the body of hibernating Monopterus albus, secondly, individuals who are prone to get sick die in winter, and thirdly, individuals who get sick spread. Therefore, we must guard against diseases before winter and treat them as soon as possible. Sprinkle bactericidal drugs before hibernation to prevent pests and control water bodies. 6. Damage caused by animal husbandry, etc. Monopterus albus has weak hibernation activity, which will make it fall into the bottom of the cage with poor water quality. Due to lack of oxygen, they can't return and suffocate the plant surface. Therefore, pulling weeds at will in winter avoids stirring water. 7. The eel cage is 6-8 square meters. From the end of the harvest period, the total amount may exceed 60 kg, and the value of the finished eel fry is about 20 kg, with a net increase of about 40 kg. If it fails to reach this level, it is correct to review its technical experience. In recent years, the price has been higher than the end of 30 dollars. Therefore, after deducting the cost, the income of the cage will exceed $65,438+0,000. 3-4 mu of pond water can be put in at least 100 box, so the net profit for one year is100000 yuan. The bigger you are, the more you earn. References:

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