report on the investigation and study of high school students' dietary nutrition
Team leader: Hu Yuntong.
members: Yunxiu, Li Dengfeng, Wang Yang, Xu Guangbo and Xu Guangyuan.
Instructor: Zhang Jianhong.
Objective: To understand the nutritional status of modern senior high school students and make suggestions.
Survey scope: Hainan Middle School, Huaqiao Middle School, Haikou No.1 Middle School, Haishi High School and Haikou Jingshan School.
Steps:
1. Design the questionnaire:
Designers: Yunxiu and Li Dengfeng Design Date: March 2, 2117
Dear students:
First of all, thank your for his cooperation, and * * * completed this questionnaire on the diet structure and nutritional habits of senior high school students. Please fill in the form carefully according to your real situation. Thank you for your cooperation.
male □ female □
1. How many kinds of meat dishes would you choose for a school meal? ()
A, 1 B, 2 C, 3 D, and more
2. How many vegetarian dishes would you choose for a school meal? ()
A, 1 B, 2 C, 3 D, more
3. Do you drink milk every day? A, yes b, no
4. Do you eat fruit every day? A, yes b, no
5. How often do you usually eat out? ()
A, more than 1 times a week b, 1 times a week c, once a month d, almost none
6. What kind of restaurant do you usually choose? ()
A, fast food restaurant (KFC, McDonald's, etc.) B, roadside stall (barbecue, etc.) C, Chinese restaurant D, western restaurant
7. Do you have the habit of skipping breakfast: A, Yes B, No
8. Will you go on a diet because you lose weight? A, Yes B, No
9. Don't
11, often eat vegetarian food such as instant noodles: A, often B, sometimes C, don't
11, do you think your diet is healthy: A, yes B, no
12, what is the mix of vegetarian food at home? ()
A, meat is the main food, B, vegetarian food is the main food, C, 51/51
13. Do you often eat snacks? ()
A, often B, sometimes C, hardly eating
2. Distributing questionnaires:
On March 11, 2117, Li Dengfeng, Yunxiu, Xu Guangyuan and Xu Guangbo distributed ***151 questionnaires to Hainan Middle School, Huaqiao Middle School, Haikou No.1 Middle School, Haishi High School and Haikou Jingshan School.
iii. questionnaire collection:
on March 7th, 2117, all our team members collected ***143 questionnaires.
four, Survey report:
speaker: Hu Yuntong, Wang Yang, Xu Guangyuan, Xu Guangbo Date: April 4, 2117
Survey report (for boys)
Number of people
Item
A
B
C
D
1
19. p> 27
4
32
21
5
21
25
6
2
6
15
9
23
6
7
21
33
8
7
43
3
9
4
29
21
11
4
41
8
11
38
15
12
18
3
32
13
16
34
3
survey statistics (girls)
number options
11
1
3
43
46
4
46
43
5
41
25
17
6
6
29
17
37
6
7
14
75
8
35
54
9
2
26
61< P > 11
11
58
21
11
45
44
12
9
21
61
13
25
59
. In terms of milk intake, whether boys or girls, people who drink or don't drink are equally divided. In terms of eating fruit, girls eat more, and only half of boys eat it. However, such nutrition is not enough, and the proportion of drinking milk and eating fruit is too small, so the supply of protein is low, the proportion of high-quality protein is low, and the supply of nutrients such as calcium, zinc and vitamin A is obviously insufficient. Halfway between meat and vegetables is more conducive to health, so most people's collocation is more appropriate.
Our suggestion:
(1) Primary and secondary school students are in a period of rapid growth and development, and the phenomenon of insufficient intake of certain nutrients such as protein, iron, calcium, zinc and iodine occurs from time to time in some areas, and the deficiency of other nutrients will also occur under certain conditions. Therefore, teenagers' daily diet should be diversified to provide adequate, comprehensive and balanced nutrition and ensure the physical development.
1. Eat more cereals and provide enough energy
Teenagers need more energy than adults and men than women, about 11141-11721 kilojoules (2411-2811 kilocalories) a day.
2. Ensure the intake of fish, meat, eggs, milk, beans, vegetables and fruits
The demand for protein is particularly prominent during the puberty, reaching 81-91g per day, of which 41%-51% should be high-quality protein, so there should be enough animal food and soybean food in the diet; Vitamins A, D, C, B and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, zinc and iron play an important role in the physical and mental development of teenagers. In particular, the intake of calcium, according to the national nutrition survey data, is 34L-374mg per person per day, which is only 38.9%-52.5% of the standard of supply, so milk and dairy foods are indispensable in the diet.
(2) Teenagers should drink milk every day.
It is of great significance for students to drink milk to improve their diet. Milk should be drunk every day, because it contains high-quality protein, which is easy to digest and absorb, and the absorption rate is as high as 97%. 211ml of milk contains more than 6g of protein and about 7g of fat. Lactose is the main enzyme, which can regulate gastric acid, promote intestinal peristalsis, and is beneficial to the absorption of calcium in food and the secretion of digestive juice. Milk is rich in calcium, phosphorus and potassium, especially calcium. A cup of milk can provide 231 mg of calcium, which is equivalent to more than 26% of the calcium needed for one day. Moreover, milk calcium is easy to digest and absorb, and the absorption rate can reach more than 61%, while the absorption rate of calcium in general food is only 31%.
At present, the calcium intake of most people can only reach half of the required amount, and rickets caused by calcium deficiency in children, rickets in adults and osteoporosis in the elderly in China can reach about 41%. Therefore, drinking a glass of milk every day can effectively improve bone mineral density and reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and rickets in children. In addition, milk is rich in vitamin B2, and drinking a glass of milk can reach 23.3% of the daily requirement. It also contains a small amount of vitamins E, B1 and C, and milk is an alkaline food, which can maintain the acid-base balance of the body. Moreover, the nutritional value and bioavailability of milk are high.
Most boys and girls don't eat breakfast. This bad habit of ignoring breakfast has formed unreasonable breakfast habits and breakfast structure.
In fact, the nutrients ingested by the stomach and intestines of the human body in the previous day have already been digested after a night's activity and the basic metabolism of the body, and breakfast is urgently needed to supplement energy and various nutrients. Among them, blood sugar is the most urgently needed, because blood sugar is one of the energy sources for the human body and brain to obtain energy, and blood sugar is mainly transformed from nutrition in food. Nutritionists have observed the blood sugar level of people with different breakfast quality and analyzed the influence of breakfast quality on work efficiency. The results show that breakfast is like a "switch" to start the brain. People who pay attention to breakfast nutrition have maintained a normal and good blood sugar level all morning, and they are focused and energetic at work. People who eat less or skip breakfast will have inattention, hunger, fatigue and extremely low work efficiency by 91 o'clock in the morning.
Skipping breakfast has the following disadvantages:
You are prone to digestive tract diseases. If you don't eat breakfast well, your lunch will inevitably increase your appetite, which will lead to excessive gastrointestinal burden and lead to gastric ulcer, gastritis, indigestion and other diseases.
reduce brain function. It affects children's brain development and adult's brain working ability. Hunger can lower blood sugar, cause brain disorders, dizziness, inattention, memory loss, fatigue, and even affect brain function, leading to mental decline.
increase cholesterol in the body. People who skip breakfast have 33% higher cholesterol than those who eat breakfast.
prone to gallstones. When people are on an empty stomach, the concentration of cholesterol in their bile is extremely high. In the case of normal breakfast, the gallbladder contracts and cholesterol is excreted with bile. If you don't eat breakfast, your gallbladder won't contract, and it's easy to have gallstones for a long time.
affect children's development. Children are at the peak of their growth and development. If they don't eat breakfast well and the heat energy and various nutrients needed by the body are insufficient, it is easy to cause malnutrition.
lead to obesity. Because you are hungry from breakfast until noon, you are hungry and hungry, and you unconsciously eat too much food, which leads to excessive energy intake, which turns into fat accumulation in the body and causes obesity.
Therefore, no matter for manual or mental workers, or children and adolescents in the growth stage, we should pay attention to the breakfast nutrition of "three meals a day in the morning".
Nutritional breakfast recommendation:
1) One cup of skim milk, two slices of whole wheat bread and one tomato.
2) A bowl of tremella and lotus seed porridge and a sandwich made of low-fat cheese, lettuce and bread ham.
3) a bowl of small wonton and a spiced tea egg.
2. Most girls go on a diet to lose weight. Such dieting and weight loss is very harmful to girls' health. For adolescent women, the primary harm of excessive dieting is anorexia nervosa. Because of the fear of obesity, women often use extreme methods to control their diet. They either only eat snacks and fruits, or eat very little food a day. In the long run, it will inevitably lead to the disorder of the hungry nerve center of the brain, eating less and less, losing appetite until they hate food, and finally there will be a nervous reaction of nausea and vomiting when eating food, resulting in anorexia nervosa. The second is amenorrhea. Because of the eagerness to be thin, the dieting therapy for obese adolescent girls is often even worse, so that in a short period of time, the weight usually drops rapidly. Medical data show that within one year, young women who suddenly lose more than 5 kilograms, or lose 11%, often have regular menstruation and suddenly change until amenorrhea. The reason for this is that there is a hypothalamus in the human brain. There are not only hunger centers and satiety centers in the hypothalamus, but also a hormone called luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, which is used to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. These two hormones can stimulate the development of testis or ovary, and are of great significance to menstrual cramps and the production of sperm and eggs. Due to excessive dieting, the cerebral cortex is dysfunctional, the secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone is insufficient, and the secretion of estrogen and progesterone by ovaries is also reduced, resulting in amenorrhea. The longer amenorrhea lasts, the lower the chance of cure and the more serious the harmful consequences to women's health. But also can cause the following diseases: hair loss. For people who are too thin, there is insufficient supply of body fat and protein, so their hair frequently falls off and their hair color gradually loses its luster. If you go on an excessive diet, your hair will lack adequate nutritional supplements, including iron intake, which will be yellow and dull, and eventually lead to a large number of hair loss. The incidence of hip fracture in osteoporotic and thin women is more than twice as high as that in women with standard weight. This is because the level of estrogen in the body with too thin body is insufficient, which affects the combination of calcium and bone and cannot maintain normal bone density, so osteoporosis and fracture are prone to occur. Gastroptosis, women who lose weight by starvation often feel loss of appetite, flatulence and pain, which may be signs of gastroptosis. People with obvious gastroptosis often feel abdominal discomfort, fullness and heavy fall, and their symptoms are aggravated when they stand after meals or are tired. When gastroptosis is serious, it is accompanied by the phenomenon of liver, kidney, colon and other visceral ptosis. Uterine prolapse, without adequate protection, the uterus is easy to descend along the vagina from the normal position, the cervix is drooping, and even it is out of the vaginal opening, forming uterine prolapse. Severe cases may also lead to cervical infection and even cervicitis. The unbalanced nutritional intake of anemia leads to insufficient intake of hematopoietic substances such as iron, folic acid and vitamin B12. Eating less, the basal metabolic rate is also lower than that of ordinary people, so the gastrointestinal movement is slow and the gastric acid secretion is less, which affects the absorption of nutrients. These are the main causes of anemia. The main driving force of brain work in memory decline comes from fat. Eating too little, the body's fat intake and storage are insufficient, and the body's nutrition is deficient, which seriously damages brain cells, directly affects memory and becomes more and more forgetful. Therefore, excessive dieting is quite harmful to the human body. In particular, young women are the majority of over-dieters, and this harm should not be underestimated.
3. Girls often eat snacks, while boys are less, but on the whole they all have the habit of eating snacks.
Hazards of eating snacks:
1 Many children eat snacks while doing their homework after dinner, or while watching TV, or while listening to music, or even eating snacks while lying in bed. Eating snacks like this will lead to overeating, which will lead to overweight and physical decline in the long run.
2 At present, the nutritional characteristics of children in China are: adequate supply of protein and calories, too much fat and salt, but insufficient supply of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and dietary fiber. Therefore, the supply of fat should be reduced appropriately, such as potato chips, French fries, fried chicken wings, kebabs, crispy rice and fried instant noodles. Foods with too much fat also include cream cakes and ice cream.