The construction of Nanyang nuclear power plant mainly includes road construction, site leveling and the construction of the main structure of the power plant, and its impact on the environment mainly includes:
Atmospheric environment: Like other construction projects, blasting, excavation, filling, road construction, muck piling and vehicle transportation will cause dust in the construction area, and the dust content in the atmosphere will increase, which will have a temporary impact on the quality of the atmospheric environment. The nuclear power plant construction unit will take the following protective measures to minimize the impact of dust.
1. The scattered lime soil in the construction area and related roads should be cleaned in time, and the pavement should be watered frequently to keep the pavement moist;
2. In the vicinity of environmental protection targets, isolation plates should be used to isolate the construction area from the surrounding environment;
3. The excavated earthwork should be transported to the filling area as soon as possible to minimize the earthwork stacking time;
4. The muck temporary dump should be covered with cloth for protection;
5. Cement and other powdery building materials shall be properly kept and shall not be stored in the open air at will;
6. Strengthen construction management and rationally dispatch transport vehicles.
The impact of the construction process on the atmospheric environment is temporary. After the construction, the local atmospheric environment quality will be restored soon.
Acoustic environment: In the process of earthwork construction, the noise generated by excavation blasting and various construction and transportation machinery will have a certain impact on the acoustic environment around the site. However, because the blasting construction is staged and concentrated in the initial stage of construction, the influence time is short and the influence scope is limited.
The construction unit will take the following measures to reduce the noise impact during the construction of the nuclear power plant:
1. Use low-noise construction equipment;
2. Reasonably arrange the construction progress, strengthen the management of high-noise equipment during construction, and avoid using multiple high-noise equipment at the same time;
3. Pay attention to sensitive noise points, adopt the method of distance attenuation, and set up sound barriers when necessary to reduce the impact of construction noise on the public.
Water environment: the pollution of water environment mainly comes from the loss of earthwork and building materials during construction and the discharge of production wastewater and domestic sewage by construction personnel. During the construction period, a small amount of building materials and generated sediment are likely to increase the sediment concentration and turbidity of regional river water with the influence of external conditions such as strong wind and precipitation, and a small amount of production wastewater (including oil and sediment) generated by construction will also enter the water area, causing certain pollution. The influence scope is local and can be restored after construction.
The construction unit will take the following measures to reduce the water environment pollution during the construction of nuclear power plants.
1. To build a sewage sedimentation tank, the construction sewage must be discharged after settling to remove solid pollutants;
2. The construction materials should be properly kept, and the stacking place should be far away from water bodies, and certain protective measures should be taken;
3. Strengthen the management of domestic sewage. At the initial stage of power plant construction, a sewage treatment station with appropriate scale should be built first. The domestic sewage generated in the construction process will be discharged into the receiving water body through the special discharge pipeline after purification treatment, and it is strictly prohibited to discharge directly into the environment;
4. Strengthen the management of oil products used by vehicles and equipment to prevent oil products from entering the construction wastewater and polluting the water environment. Oily sewage will enter the oil separation tank and be discharged into the receiving water body after being treated up to standard.
Soil erosion: during the construction period, there will be excavation and filling of the exposed surface, and the surface structure of the exposed surface is loose and the vegetation coverage is low, which will reduce the ability of resisting soil erosion in the region; At the same time, the transportation and stacking of a large number of earthwork will also provide sufficient soil erosion materials, which will aggravate the local soil erosion in the project area and its nearby construction areas. After the completion of the project, the factors causing soil erosion gradually disappear, the surface disturbance basically stops, and the soil erosion in the construction area will be significantly reduced, but there is still a certain amount of soil erosion.
Therefore, according to the characteristics of this project, the construction unit has formulated corresponding measures to prevent and control soil erosion, with temporary protection measures as the main measures for temporary storage yard, slope protection and greening measures for exposed surfaces of factory and road excavation, and corresponding measures to prevent and control soil erosion in other areas according to the environmental conditions of the project area and the characteristics that may cause soil erosion. During the project construction period and vegetation recovery period, soil and water conservation monitoring will be carried out in key soil and water loss areas, and soil and water conservation measures will be designed, constructed and put into use simultaneously with the main project to minimize soil and water loss during construction.
Second, the environmental impact during operation
The environmental impact of Nanyang nuclear power plant during operation is mainly divided into the impact during normal operation and the environmental impact under accident conditions.
The environmental impact of Nanyang nuclear power plant during normal operation mainly includes the following aspects:
1. non-radioactive pollution
Impact of warm drainage: In order to reduce the environmental impact of warm drainage generated during normal operation of nuclear power plant on the surrounding waters, this project adopts secondary circulation cooling mode, which will not have obvious environmental impact on the surrounding waters.
Impact of chemical emissions: No heavy metal particles are emitted from nuclear power plants. In order to ensure the quality of water used in nuclear power plants, chemical additives such as boric acid, lithium hydroxide, sodium oxide, ferric chloride, sodium hypochlorite, ammonia water, hydrazine, liquid ammonia, etc. Both are needed, and these substances will be discharged into the water with the wastewater, so the generated wastewater will also contain corresponding chemicals, but the concentration of these chemicals is usually quite low, so it will not have a significant impact on the receiving water body.
Impact of domestic sewage: The domestic sewage and other non-radioactive wastewater from power plants are discharged after reaching the first-class standard in the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978- 1996) after being treated by the sewage treatment system, resulting in a small amount of domestic sewage and no adverse impact on the surrounding water environment.
2. Non-radioactive pollution prevention and control measures
Reasonable arrangement of water intake and drainage structures after full demonstration can minimize the influence range of thermal drainage in power plant.
The nuclear power plant is equipped with special sewage treatment facilities to treat the domestic and non-radioactive production wastewater generated by the staff and discharge it after reaching the standard. Formulate reasonable and feasible operation procedures and use chemical reagents reasonably.
3. Radiation environmental impact
According to the preliminary calculation and analysis, the maximum personal dose (adult) to the public around the site during the normal operation of the first phase of Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant is 0.0 13mSv (gaseous route: 7.23 e-03 msv；; ; Liquid route: 5.64E-03mSv), which is far lower than the requirement of 0.25mSv stipulated in the National Standard Regulations on Environmental Radiation Protection of Nuclear Power Plants (GB6249-86), accounting for only 5. 15% of the national standard. However, the radiation dose of an adult taking a chest radiograph is 0.4mSv, and the radiation effect of two AP 1000 nuclear power units only accounts for 3.25% of 0.4mSv.
4. Pollution prevention measures affected by radiation
In addition to selecting PWR nuclear power units with good inherent safety performance, Henan Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant will strictly follow the principle of "three simultaneities", that is, simultaneous design, simultaneous construction and simultaneous operation, and be equipped with a complete and effective special safety system and three wastes treatment system to ensure the environmental protection requirements after the nuclear power plant is put into operation.
Intrinsic safety: Nanyang nuclear power station has adopted the concept of "defense in depth" in its design. An important content of implementing defense in depth is to set up multiple physical barriers to limit radioactive materials in a specific range. Pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant has set up three safety barriers: fuel element cladding, primary pressure boundary and containment. Engineering safety facilities are specially designed to deal with design basis accidents, so as to reduce their consequences and make them meet the requirements of safety standards. It is the third defense level in defense-in-depth system. Engineering safety facilities mainly include passive core cooling system, passive containment cooling system, containment hydrogen control system, containment and containment isolation system, and main control room emergency habitability system.
Radioactive waste treatment system: In order to ensure the normal operation of the nuclear power plant, it is necessary to decontaminate the fluid in the radioactive loop, resulting in a small amount of radioactive substances to be discharged. Most of these substances go into solid waste and are temporarily stored in the waste warehouse of the factory. After a certain period of time, it will be transported to the radioactive waste warehouse planned by the state for storage or treatment, and will not directly enter the environment; However, a small amount of liquid and gaseous radioactive substances need to be collected, treated and decayed by the corresponding waste treatment system for a period of time, and then discharged into the environment after monitoring, so as to control the radioactive substances entering the environment.
Radioactive effluent monitoring system: radioactive substances are continuously monitored by the monitoring system during discharge. Once it is found that the discharge exceeds the specified limit (greater than the national discharge standard), the discharge pipeline will be automatically cut off and reprocessed to prevent excessive discharge of radioactive materials.
Environmental monitoring system: install an environmental monitoring system in the factory and the surrounding environment to monitor the change of radioactive content in the environment in real time. Once the change is found, analyze the reasons immediately and solve it effectively.
Emergency plan: The nuclear power plant formulates a perfect emergency plan according to the operation characteristics of the power plant and the surrounding environment characteristics, and implements linkage with governments at all levels, medical institutions, military units and other departments to ensure that personnel in various regions are reasonably arranged in case of accidents.
Under the maximum credible accident condition, the environmental impact of Nanyang nuclear power plant is mainly radiation impact. According to the inherent radiation protection design of nuclear power plant, the parameters are estimated conservatively. Except for ESE bearing 740m, SE bearing 660m and E bearing 540m, the radius of the non-residential area of the plant site is 500m. ..
Progress: officially shortlisted for national planning.
"Since its launch in 2003, Nanyang Nuclear Power Project, as a key nuclear power project promoted by China National Nuclear Corporation, has been included in the national medium-and long-term nuclear power development plan." 10 June 19 morning, Li, the newly appointed chairman of Henan Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., held the hand of Nanyang Municipal Party Committee Secretary and announced the exciting news.
10 19 in the afternoon, Li said in an exclusive interview with this newspaper that the Nanyang nuclear power project in Henan Province is included in the national medium-and long-term nuclear power development plan, which is of great significance.
According to a comrade of Nanyang Nuclear Power Office, as early as the beginning of 2003, Henan Province started the investigation of nuclear power site resources in the whole province. In June 2006, the State Electric Power Planning and Design Institute reviewed and recommended three sites, namely, Nanyang Gaozhuang, Yaogou and Xinyang Hejiawan, as the pre-selected sites for nuclear power projects in Henan Province. In June, 2006, Henan Province confirmed the site of Nanyang Gaozhuang as the implementation site of nuclear power construction in Henan Province.
The reporter saw at the scene of Nanyang nuclear power plant that the site protection road of Nanyang nuclear power plant with an investment of more than 40 million yuan was completed and opened to traffic on June 5438+1October 65438+September. The protective road in the factory area is 4.134km long and17.5m wide, with four lanes in both directions.
It is estimated that the annual sales revenue will be 20 billion yuan.
According to the requirements of the national medium and long-term nuclear power development plan, Nanyang nuclear power project must start construction before 2020. As for the year before 2020, it mainly depends on when investors can get the "road".
CNNC Yunan Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. was inaugurated on February 6, 2009. As the unit fully responsible for the construction, commissioning, operation and management of Nanyang nuclear power project in Henan Province, CNNC Henan Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. was established by CNNC, China Power Investment Corporation and Henan Investment Group Co., Ltd. with the proportions of 565,438+0%, 40% and 9% respectively.
Henan Nanyang nuclear power project plans to build four million kilowatt AP 1000 nuclear power units, two in the first phase and six in the long-term planning. Each nuclear power unit needs to invest 654.38+04 billion yuan, and the total investment will exceed 80 billion yuan.
Li said that the construction period of Nanyang nuclear power project is generally 52 to 56 months, which is more than four years. After the project is completed and put into operation, the economic benefits are very considerable, and the annual sales income can be 20 billion yuan, and the profit and tax can be 2.6 billion yuan.
Environmental protection: radiation pollution is very weak?
Li said that the upcoming Nanyang nuclear power project in Henan will adopt the world's most advanced third-generation pressurized water reactor (AP 1000) nuclear power technology. The safety factor of AP 1000 nuclear power technology has increased to one in a million, which means that the accident probability is only once in a million years. The design life of Nanyang nuclear power plant project is 60 years, and it can be retired in 60 years.
A comrade of the Nuclear Power Office told the reporter that the radiation pollution of nuclear power plants is very weak. At a distance of 500 meters from the reactor, people receive the radiation dose equivalent to watching TV for an hour every day. A comrade of Qinshan nuclear power plant said: "After working in a nuclear power plant for 20 years, the radiation received by the human body is equivalent to a chest and lung fluoroscopy."
The water discharged from nuclear power plants will not cause harm to people. There are three main types of wastewater from nuclear power plants: domestic water and sewage; Circulating cooling water and warm drainage; Low-level radioactive wastewater discharge. Circulating cooling water is not discharged into surface water. The concentration of diluted low-level radioactive waste liquid also meets the water quality standard of drinking water source and will not cause pollution.
Key points of environmental impact assessment conclusions put forward in the environmental impact report:
-The site selection of Nanyang Nuclear Power Station is compatible with local planning, and construction is necessary;
—— There are subversive factors in the environmental characteristics of the site of Nanyang nuclear power plant construction;
-The environmental impact during the construction of Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant is acceptable;
-The radiation dose consequences of Nanyang nuclear power plant under normal operation and maximum credible accident conditions can not meet the requirements of the national standard "Regulations on Environmental Radiation Protection of Nuclear Power Plants" (GB6249-86);
-The non-radioactive environmental impact during the normal operation of Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant is acceptable;
—There are no subversive factors on site that affect the feasibility of implementing the emergency plan.
"Overall, from the analysis of the natural and social conditions of Nanyang nuclear power plant site, the site can meet the requirements of nuclear power plant construction; The impact of power plant construction on the environment, the possible impact of the environment on the power plant, and the possible impact of normal operation and accident conditions on the power plant environment all meet the requirements of relevant laws and standards in China. As far as the environmental impact of nuclear power plant construction and operation is concerned, the site of Nanyang nuclear power plant is not suitable, so it is feasible to build two AP 1000 PWR nuclear power units in the site area.