1, environmental requirements; sugarcane adapted to the environment is very strong, the most suitable growth temperature in 25 ℃ ~ 33 ℃, the temperature is below 0 ℃ for a long time will occur when the frost, sugarcane is more resistant to high temperatures and drought. But for high yield, it is best to control the soil wetness at 60%~70%, see the soil dry watering. There is not much requirement for the soil, as long as the soil layer is deep, whether it is clay, sand, loam or sandy soil can be planted. Sugarcane is not resistant to waterlogging, flooded and waterlogged land is not suitable for cultivation, belongs to a kind of light-loving long plants.
2, planting time; sugarcane planting time is generally in January to March before planting is the best time, planting too late to keep up with the yield, in the southern region is warmer, in the winter after harvesting sugarcane, can be raked to plant. Northern temperatures are lower, to be planted in late March, not later than April.
3, land preparation; the sugarcane plant is up to more than 2 meters high, its roots are also quite deep, the root base should be good to resist the collapse. So choose a piece of soil that is deep, loose, well ventilated and fertile, make a deep plowing of 40 centimeters, and turn and beat it into fine clay. Sugarcane planting is generally up cane ditch planting, ditch bottom width of 20 cm, ditch surface width of 35 cm, ditch depth of 25 cm ~ 30 cm, ditch spacing of 70 ~ 90 cm, and requires the bottom of the ditch is flat and loose, sun cane ditch to the soil is dry but can be. Before planting each mu of rotting farmyard fertilizer 3000 kg, phosphate and potash fertilizer 50 kg, evenly sprinkled into the cane ditch, it is best to use 5 cm of loose soil to cover the fertilizer, and then set into the cane seeds.
4, selection of seed sowing; sugar cane seeds are generally selected cane tail as a planting, can also be used into a strip of cane to cut into a section as a cane seed, each section required to have 3 sugar cane buds. Requirements for sugarcane stems thick, full buds, leaf width, uniform, no cracks, pest-free sugarcane tips for seed. Selected cane seeds need to be soaked in 3% lime water to achieve the effect of killing bacterial pests. Place the sugarcane seeds in double rows against the air into the bottom of the ditch, planting about 2,500 3 buds per acre, cover with 5-7 cm thick fine soil, the soil is too dry, you can pour a small amount of water once in moderation. Cover the film, and then spray the ground with herbicide once, to prevent future weed growth, sugarcane planting row spacing "ridge distance", sugar cane requires about 70 cm, fruit cane requires about 1 meter. Sugar cane planted in the winter temperature is low, usually takes 2 months to germinate seedlings, the temperature is above 15 ℃ 20 ~ 30 days to germinate seedlings. Sugarcane planting should be drought-proof, flood-proof, waterlogging, seedlings encountered during the dry days to moderate watering small, every ten days to water, in short, see dry watering.
5, artificial management; sugarcane late management is mainly the pursuit of water and fertilizer management, pulling cane leaves to cultivate the soil, disease prevention and so on. The following analysis:
①Water and fertilizer management; sugarcane late for the water does not require much, more drought-resistant, unless twenty days without rain, only need to water the sugarcane, anyway, is to see the soil dry watering. Fertilizer is generally chased after the rain, the first chase seedling seedling fertilizer, nitrogen-based fertilizer 10 kg of urea per mu deep application. The second attack tiller fertilizer, in the sugarcane into the tillering period, the use of 10 kg per mu of high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer. The third pursuit of sugarcane stem fertilizer, this time to nitrogen-based fertilizer, combined with soil cultivation together with the application of urea 15 kg per mu. The last chase strong tail fertilizer, about the middle and end of August, in order to increase the sugar content, to phosphorus and potassium fertilizer mainly, per use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 15 kg, urea 5 kg mixed together with deep application.
②Pei soil pulling cane leaves; sugarcane cultivation can play the depth of the root system into the soil, to prevent the collapse of sugarcane, to promote the development of rhizomes, expanding the root mass, to enhance the loosening of the soil, and to improve the absorption capacity of the plant. Open drainage ditches for sugarcane to facilitate drainage and irrigation water, and to prevent drought and flooding. The first soil cultivation in the sugarcane seedling long leaves 7 pieces of soil cultivation 3 cm thick, the second time in the application of stem fertilizer time combined with fertilization soil cultivation, first pull out the lower part of the old cane leaves large soil cultivation once, soil thickness 10 cm, while removing weeds. Cultivation of soil should be filled, filled into the shape of the ridge border, if the use of agricultural machinery to cultivate soil, basically a one-time complete work in the mid-plow. Mid and late pulling cane leaves is also an essential work, pulling old, dry, yellow cane leaves, conducive to ventilation and light, generally to leave the top 10 cane leaves as growth.
③Prevention of pests and diseases; sugarcane is highly resistant to diseases, generally very few diseases appear, but they all need to be prevented, we can use Chlorothalonil, carbendazim or metribuzin spraying 2~3 times. Spraying once every 1 week is enough. Sugarcane insect pests are mainly drill borer, thrips, aphids, mites and so on. There are very many insect pest pesticides, such as using thiazinone, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, trichlorfon, acetamiprid, and so on. Spray every other week, 3~4 times in a row, pesticide dosage please follow the instructions proportion.
6, harvest; spring before planting sugarcane, harvest time is generally in late October can be harvested, to achieve high yield, if the harvest in December yield is higher. And most of the fruit cane harvest is harvested in the spring in recent years, get a good price. Sugar cane planted in the backyard at home, basically planted once a long time can be eaten in all seasons. The above is about sugar cane cultivation methods and management techniques, I hope to help friends who like to grow sugar cane, just for reference.