Wen Tianxiang is a famous national hero in the history of our country. He was born in Luling, Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). He loved reading biographies of loyal ministers and martyrs in history since childhood and was determined to learn from them. At the age of twenty, he went to Lin 'an to take the Jinshi exam, and wrote his own ideas for saving the country on the test paper, which won the appreciation of the examiner and won the top prize.
As soon as Wen Tianxiang became an official in the imperial court, he discovered that Jia Sidao and a bunch of eunuchs were treacherous court officials who had ruined the country and the people. Once, when the Mongolian army attacked the Southern Song Dynasty, eunuch Dong advised him to give up Lin 'an and flee. Wen Tianxiang immediately ascended the throne and killed Dong, so as not to shake people's hearts. He was fired for this matter. Later, he returned to Lin 'an as a draftsman, and was forced to retire at the age of 37 because he offended Jia Sidao. It was not until the critical moment when the Southern Song Dynasty was about to perish that he was sent to Jiangxi as the official of Ganzhou State.
Wen Tianxiang received imperial edicts, immediately recruited thirty thousand troops, ready to get to Lin 'an. Someone advised him to say, "Now that the Yuan soldiers have moved in, you are simply killing the tiger with these temporarily recruited troops. Obviously, you will lose. Why bother? "
Wen Tianxiang calmly replied, "I don't know this truth. However, the country has been raising troops for many years, and now there is a crisis in Lin' an, but no one has contributed to the national disaster. Aren't you sad? I know my strength is limited, and I would rather die for my country. I hope that the loyal ministers in the world will rise on the news and the country will have the hope of preservation. "
Wen Tianxiang overcame all kinds of obstacles and got off to Lin 'an. Right Prime Minister Pai Cheng went to Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) to defend. At this time, Bo Yan, the commander-in-chief of the Yuan Dynasty, had crossed the Yangtze River and suited himself to attack Lin 'an. One of them started from Jiankang, crossed Pingjiang and went straight to Dushuguan (now Yuhang, Zhejiang). Chen ordered Wen Tianxiang to retreat to Dushan Pass. Wen Tianxiang just left Pingjiang, Dushan Pass has been breached by the Yuan Army. He wanted to go back to Pingjiang, and Pingjiang was lost.
Wen Tianxiang returned to Lin 'an, consulted with General Zhang Shijie of Yunzhou, and suggested to the court to concentrate his forces and fight to the death with the Yuan Army. But the timid Chen said nothing.
Bo Yan came to Gaoting Mountain (now the northeast of Hangzhou) only three miles away from Lin 'an. Some spineless ministers in the imperial court, including Prime Minister Liu Zuo, have already left. Empress Xie and Chen panicked and quickly sent an official to the camp to make peace with the national seal and the surrender.
Bo Yan appointed Prime Minister of Southern Song Dynasty to negotiate personally.
Chen, afraid of being detained, dared not go and fled to the south. Zhang Shijie was very angry because he didn't want to surrender. He took his troops to sea on a Shanghai ship.
Xie had to announce that Wen Tianxiang would succeed Chen Weiyou as Prime Minister, and invited him to the camp to negotiate surrender.
Wen Tianxiang promised to go to Yuan Ying, but he had other plans in mind. He took, and other ministers. When he met Bo Yan, he didn't mention the question of peace at all. Instead, he asked Bo Yan sternly, "Do you want to get along with us or are you going to destroy us?"
Bo Yan said: "Our emperor (referring to Yuan Shizu) made it very clear that he did not want to destroy the Song Dynasty."
Wen Tianxiang said, "In that case, please immediately withdraw your troops to Pingjiang or Jiaxing. If you insist on destroying our country, the southern soldiers and civilians will definitely fight with you to the end, which may not be good for you. "
Bo Yan's face fell and he said in a threatening tone, "If you don't surrender honestly, I'm afraid you won't be spared."
Wen Tianxiang also said angrily, "I am the Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. Now that the country is in crisis, I am ready to fight for the country, even if it is a sword and a sea of fire, I am not afraid. "
Wen Tianxiang's sonorous voice and serious language repelled Bo Yan's threat. Around the yuan will all pale with surprise.
After the meeting, he sent people back to Lin 'an to discuss with Xie, leaving Wen Tianxiang behind. Wen Tianxiang knew that Bo Yan was up to no good and protested to Bo Yan. Bo Yan pretended as if nothing had happened and said, "Don't be angry. The two countries need you to stay and discuss major issues. "
Accompany Wen Tianxiang and Yu returned to Lin 'an and told Empress Xie about Wen Tianxiang's refusal to surrender. Xie Yixin surrendered and became the right prime minister, and went to surrender. After Bo Yan accepted the surrender, he invited Wen Tianxiang to camp and told him that the imperial court had sent someone to surrender. Wen Tianxiang was so angry that he scolded Yu, but the surrender was irreversible.
1276, Bo Yan led the troops to occupy Lin 'an. When Empress Xie and Zhao surrendered, the Yuan Army escorted Zhao Xian as a prisoner to Dadu (now Beijing), and Wen Tianxiang was also taken to Dadu. Along the way, he has been thinking about how to escape from the enemy. When passing through Zhenjiang, he consulted with several entourage. Seeing that the Yuan army was unprepared, he fled the Yuan army camp and took a boat to Zhou Zhen.
Hearing Premier Wen's arrival, Commander Miao Zaicheng was very happy and opened the door to welcome him. Miao Zaicheng learned from Wen Tianxiang that Lin 'an had fallen, and expressed his willingness to gather troops from Huaihe River with Wen Tianxiang to beat back the Yuan Army.
Wen Tianxiang was very happy, but Li Tingzhi, the Song Jun coach guarding Yangzhou, listened to rumors and thought that Wen Tianxiang had surrendered. The agents sent by the Yuan Army to Zhou Zhen ordered Miao Zaicheng to kill him. Miao Zaicheng didn't believe Wen Tianxiang was such a person, but he didn't dare to disobey Li Tingzhi's orders, so he had to cheat Wen Tianxiang out of the real city, showed him Yangzhou's communication, and told Wen Tianxiang to leave quickly.
Wen Tianxiang can't, with his entourage arrived in Yangzhou overnight. The next day, before dawn, I arrived at the gate of Yangzhou, waiting to open the door and enter the city. At the gate, some people waiting to enter the city are sitting and chatting. Hearing this, Wen Tianxiang knew that Yangzhou offered a reward for him and could not enter the city.
In order to avoid being caught, Wen Tianxiang and other 12 people changed their names and surnames, dressed up in disguise, chose a secluded path to go east to the seaside, and found a boat to go south.
A dozen people walked a long way and met a group of cavalry of the Yuan Dynasty. They hid in an earthen house, but fortunately, they were not found by Yuan Bing.
Wen Tianxiang, etc. After all the difficulties and obstacles, with the help of farmers, I finally arrived in Wenzhou by boat from Haikou. There, he got the news that Zhang Shijie and Chen had installed a new emperor in Fuzhou and decided to go to Fuzhou.
The Yuan Dynasty sent Zhang Hongfan and Hengli to lead the water army, cavalry, land and water hand in hand, preparing to eliminate the remnants of Song Jun in Fujian and Guangxi. After Zou Wei's defeat in Jizhou, Tianxiang led his troops to fight Yuan in Jiangxi, and retreated to Chaoyang to join forces with Tianxiang. /kloc-in October/February, Tian Xiang withdrew from Chaoyang and moved to Wupoling, Haifeng North, ready to stick to the mountains. Yuan Bing caught up with him and committed suicide. Tianxiang was captured and attempted suicide.
In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), in the first month, the water army of Yuan Dynasty attacked Lushan Mountain on a large scale. Zhang Hongfan took Tianxiang aboard and forced him to recruit Zhang Shijie with books. Tianxiang refused. As a last resort, Tianxiang wrote a poem about Ding Yang when crossing Dingyang outside the Pearl River Estuary. At the end of the poem, there is a sentence: "No one has died since ancient times, so we should manage our history well." After the demise of Zhao Yun's small court, Tianxiang was brought to the Yuan Dynasty.
The Yuan Dynasty advised Wen Tianxiang, the top scholar, to surrender many times, but Tianxiang refused. Liu, another scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, was demoted to Yuan as an official. He was sent to prison to persuade Tianxiang to surrender, and Tianxiang called him benevolent. In the Yuan Dynasty, the exiled emperor Zhao Min was asked to surrender, but Tianxiang repeatedly said, "Please come back." Wen Tianxiang would rather die than surrender. In prison, he wrote a famous work, Song Zhengqi, in which: "If the gas is thin, it will last forever. When it runs through the sun and the moon, life and death are in peace! " Such a beautiful sentence.
Wen Tianxiang was imprisoned for three years. After refusing Kublai Khan to surrender himself, he was killed by the Yuan Dynasty on the ninth day of December in the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1282). He died at the age of 47. Tianxiang went to Chaicheng to ask for directions before his execution, and was later sent to worship in the southwest. His wife, Ouyang Shi, saw that there was a compliment in his belt: "Confucius said that it is benevolent, and Meng said that it is righteous, but righteousness is exhausted, so it is benevolent." What do you do when you read the book of sages? Every now and then, I have no conscience! "Ouyang said:" My husband is not responsible for the country, I can be responsible for the country! "He died of suicide.
Wen Tianxiang's anti-Yuan struggle, unyielding patriotism and noble national integrity are always worth learning from later generations.
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