from the perspective of food hygiene, this paper analyzes the current situation of food safety in China.
"Food is the most important thing for the people". Food safety is related to the health and life safety of the broad masses of people, economic development and social stability, and the image of the government and the country. At present, the issue of food safety has become a hot spot of social concern, and is increasingly put on the agenda of the State Council. In March, 2113, after a vote at the First Session of the Tenth National People's Congress, the State Council announced the establishment of the State Food and Drug Administration on the basis of the former National Medical Products Administration, whose task was to act as the "grasping hand" of the State Council on food safety issues, which was regarded as one of the State Council's efforts to reverse the chaotic situation of food safety management and rebuild the construction of food safety supervision system.
In October, 1974, FAO adopted the International Agreement on World Food Security at the World Food Conference, and put forward the concept of "food security" for the first time from the perspective that the quantity of food meets people's basic needs. After nearly 31 years of development, at present, the meaning of "food safety" includes several major aspects: from the perspective of quantity, people are required to be able to buy and afford the basic food they need; From the point of view of quality, food is required to be comprehensive in nutrition, reasonable in structure, hygienic and healthy; From the perspective of development, it is required to pay attention to the protection of ecological environment and the sustainability of resource utilization in the acquisition of food. From this point of view, the food safety problem is a systematic project, which needs the active participation of all sectors of society to be fully solved.
judging from the irregular spot checks on food quality by relevant departments, at present, the common food quality problems in China are mainly in three aspects: first, the hygiene index exceeds the standard, and the total number of colonies and coliforms seriously exceed the national mandatory standard, and some even exceed the national standard many times; Second, excessive use of food additives or the use of food additives that have been explicitly prohibited, such as the excessive content of benzoic acid and sorbic acid, and the illegal use of prohibited synthetic pigments, "lean meat" and "sodium bicarbonate"; Third, food packaging and labels are not standardized, and there are many artificial "counterfeiting" phenomena such as false labels and shoddy goods.
Take sorbic acid as an example-sorbic acid has inhibitory effect on yeast, mold and many fungi, and it is an efficient, nontoxic, antiseptic and mildewproof agent. Because sorbic acid (potassium) is an unsaturated fatty acid (salt), it can be absorbed by the metabolic system of human body and quickly decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, with no residue in the body; However, if the sorbic acid added in food exceeds the standard seriously, consumers will take it for a long time, which will inhibit bone growth to a certain extent and endanger the health of kidney and liver. And banned products such as lean meat, sodium bicarbonate, etc., the harm to people's health is not to be underestimated!
the results of the comprehensive national nutrition and health survey (the fourth national nutrition survey) conducted from August to February p>2112 were published in October 2114. The results show that the dietary quality and nutritional status of Chinese residents have improved significantly, and the prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional deficiency has continued to decline. At the same time, China is still facing the dual challenges of nutritional deficiency and nutritional imbalance. This is the result of the survey in the past ten years. Now, whether in rural or urban areas, the daily intake of protein and other nutrients can meet the needs of people's normal growth and development, and the situation in China is still optimistic. However, the food we eat still contains other toxic and harmful substances, which seriously affects the physical quality of our citizens and seriously hinders the pace of building a well-off society in an all-round way. This phenomenon and behavior must be curbed!
At present, there is still a big gap between the food safety situation in China and the requirements of the masses. These gaps are mainly manifested in five aspects: first, the source pollution of primary agricultural products is more serious; Second, the sampling qualification rate of some food markets is low; Third, the food safety management system is not perfect; Fourth, the operation order of food circulation links is not standardized; Fifth, fake and shoddy food has been repeatedly banned. To make China's food safety generally close to the level of developed countries, we must break through the "bottleneck" constraints in food safety work and strive to establish and improve the food safety control system and legal system.
The sanitary conditions in places such as barbecue stalls and food stalls are very unqualified, which can easily lead to the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms and endanger the health of consumers. Especially in summer, the temperature rises, which is more conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. These unhealthy places are the dead ends of food safety and must be actively rectified.
Although the problems mentioned above are minor food safety problems in China, we should also have a correct and positive attitude to deal with them. The most serious problem surrounding the people of China is gutter oil, which is the top priority of food safety in China. Gutter oil generally refers to all kinds of inferior oils in life, such as recycled cooking oil and repeatedly used fried oil. Gutter oil is extremely harmful to human body, and long-term consumption may cause cancer. Criminals recycle used waste oil from restaurants and restaurants for reprocessing, and use waste oil as cooking oil, which has aroused public concern. In 2111, according to China experts' estimation, this edible oil accounted for one tenth of the whole Chinese mainland market, including street stalls and high-end restaurants. In July 2111, the General Office of the State Council issued a document, and decided to organize and carry out the pilot work of resource utilization and harmless treatment of urban kitchen waste such as gutter oil. On February 2, 2114, the Civil Aviation Administration of China issued the project approval letter of No.1 bio-jet fuel technical standard to China Petrochemical Company, which indicated that the domestic No.1 bio-jet fuel was officially approved for airworthiness and could be put into commercial use. Waste oil has been transformed into bio-jet fuel through a series of transformations.
The government has taken active measures to crack down on the evil that harms people's health. However, some "black-hearted" vendors still manufacture and use gutter oil for their own selfish interests, which is the most intolerable in food safety! People all over the country joined hands to boycott gutter oil and expose the dirty dens that manufacture and sell gutter oil. Restaurants and restaurants refused to use oil of unknown origin, taking responsibility for diners and their own conscience.
according to the current situation of food hygiene and safety in China, combined with the knowledge of food safety, I put forward some ideas to solve the problem.
1. Establish and improve the legal system and standard system of food safety management in China. The current "Food Hygiene Law" will be comprehensively revised to build a relatively independent food safety legal system. Summarize the experience and lessons gained since the implementation of the Food Hygiene Law. Study and learn from the advanced experience of foreign food safety management, and make China's food safety management legal system in line with international standards as soon as possible in today's economic globalization.
2 straighten out the food standard management system and accelerate the establishment of the food safety standard system. With reference to the Codex Alimentarius, establish a food safety standard system that conforms to the principles of the Codex Alimentarius Commission.
3 establish a unified food safety supervision and management system. 4. Improve and perfect the technical support system for food safety. 5. Improve the food early warning mechanism and rapid response mechanism.
in addition, we should actively explore the construction of food safety credit system and emphasize the self-management of enterprises; Pay attention to publicity and education, strengthen education for the government, enterprises and consumers, eliminate local protectionism, and enhance the legal awareness of enterprises and consumers.
freezing for three feet was not built in a day. China's food hygiene and safety has a long history. For these problems, we need to advocate industry ethics, purify the market environment and build an invisible defense line. It is even more necessary for relevant departments to be more responsible, more active and more normal in their work, to change the blame afterwards into performing their duties in advance, to change "kicking the ball" into "boxing", to change the blank to fill the blank, and to build a solid regulatory defense line. Only then will the food safety problem gradually melt away and the people will be truly relieved.