located in: Tongguan County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province

Tongguan County is located at the eastern end of Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. 34 23'-34 41' N and 111 19'-111 25' E. Lingbao County, Henan Province in the east, huayin city in the west, Luonan County in the south, Dali County in the northwest and Ruicheng County in Shanxi Province across the river in the north. It is 31 kilometers long from north to south and 22 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 526 square kilometers /444.96 square kilometers. The total population is 1.6 million (2114).

county people's government is located in chengguan town, zip code: 714311. Administrative division code: 611522. Area code: 1913. Pinyin: TongguanXian.

administrative divisions

Tongguan county governs 4 towns and 4 townships:

Towns: Chengguan Town, Qindong Town, Taiyao Town and Tongyu Town

Towns: Anle Township, Gao Qiao Township, Nantou Township and Daiziying Township

Physical geography

[ geographical location ]

Tongguan county is located in Shaanxi. Lingbao County, Henan Province in the east, huayin city in the west, Luonan County in the province in the south, the Yellow River and Weihe River in the north, Dali County in the province and Ruicheng County in Shanxi Province across the water. Bound between 111 19' 31 "-111 25' 32" east longitude and 34 23' 31 "-34 39' 11" north latitude, it is 28.4 kilometers long from north to south and 24.6 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 526 square kilometers. Tongguan County is the east gate of Shaanxi, and it is the throat artery connecting the northwest, north China and the Central Plains, and its geographical position is of strategic significance.

[ Climate ]

Tongguan is a monsoon-type dry climate with the same season of continental rain and heat in warm temperate zone. There is a big difference between north and south, with abundant light energy resources, less heat and precipitation, and uneven distribution in time and space. Four distinct seasons, long in winter and summer, short in spring and autumn, with an average wind speed of 3.2 meters per second.

[ Transportation ]

Longhai Railway is in the south of the city, and National Highway 311 and expressway in Xitong cross the county.

[ Hydrology ]

There are two parts in the county: self-produced water and transit passenger water: self-produced water refers to 11 tributaries that flow into four first-class tributaries of the Yellow River; Guest water refers to the Yellow River and Weihe River.

population status

at the end of p>2113, the total population of the county was 157911 (public security data). The sex ratio of male to female is 113.2. According to the sampling survey of population changes, there were 882 births and 685 deaths in the county, with a birth rate of 5.97‰ and a mortality rate of 4.64‰, with a net increase of 197 people and a natural increase of 1.33‰.

Population distribution

Among the permanent residents in p>2111, 29,975 people lived in cities and towns, accounting for 19.89% of the permanent population; The population living in rural areas is 121728, accounting for 81.11% of the permanent population.

chengguan town: 25,863 people; Port town: 11917 people; Taiyao Town: 25,261 people; Tongyu Town: 17616 people; Qindong Town: 6,183 people; Suburban townships: 12,411 people; 12115 people in Anle Township; Gao Qiao Township: 13,611 people; Nantou Township: 11614 people; Daiziying Township: 12292 people.

household population

in p>2111, there were 36,111 households in the county, with a household population of 146,966, with an average population of 4.18, which was 1.16 less than the 4.14 in the fourth census in 1991.

Age composition

In p>2111, among the permanent residents in the county, the population aged 1-14 was 46,191, accounting for 31.6% of the permanent population; The population aged 15-64 is 97,435, accounting for 64.7% of the resident population. The population aged 65 and above is 7178, accounting for 4.7% of the permanent population. Compared with the fourth national census in 1991, the proportion of people aged 1-14 increased by 1.5 percentage points, while the proportion of people aged 65 and above decreased by 1.2 percentage points.

ethnic composition

in p>2111, the resident population of the county was 151371, accounting for 99.78% of the resident population; The population of ethnic minorities is 332, accounting for 1.22% of the resident population. Compared with the fourth national census in 1991, the population of Han nationality increased by 21115, an increase of 16.3%; The population of ethnic minorities increased by 18, with an increase of 5.7%.

Education level

Among the permanent residents in the county in p>2111, 2,958 people received university (junior college or above) education; 16188 people who received high school (including secondary school) education; 56,131 people who received junior high school education; 56,562 people received primary education (the above-mentioned people with various education levels include all kinds of graduates, dropouts and literacy classes for students). Compared with the fourth national census in 1991, the number of people with various education levels per 111 population has the following changes; The number of people with university education has increased from 7 to 21; The number of people with high school education has increased from 95 to 115; The number of people with junior high school education has increased from 365 to 412; The number of people with primary school education has increased from 392 to 415.

Folk Culture

Ancient Warship

Tongguan Ancient Warship was born in Gao Qiao Township and Qindong Town near the ancient county town, and it flourished and passed down in Gao Qiao and Shuicun in Gao Qiao Township. Its costume performance was based on the ancient Warship, so it was named. It took shape in the Western Han Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The performance of ancient warships is divided into five parts; First, the shooting stars and iron whip opened the way and held a quiet scene; second, the bamboo and horses took the lead; third, the performance of ancient warships; fourth, the lion and dragon dances; fifth, the gongs and drums helped to render the atmosphere. Bamboo horse and warship yard are decorated with colored paintings, paper-cuts and silk flower, and there are two arrays of dragon and tiger heads.

Bamboo horse and warship show the form of cooperation between land and water stations in Tongguan, which is the crystallization of ancient wars in the Yellow River basin as folk art.. Known as "a must in China."

Walking on stilts

Stilts are also called "Yangko on a wooden stick", and the "Stilts of Five Tigers and Zhang" are generally divided into two categories, namely "Wenqiao" and "Wuqiao", all of which are based on emperors, generals, talented people and beautiful women in the drama. Performers hold all kinds of props and line up in a queue. Accompanied by vigorous drum music, they step on this powerful rhythm and dance, such as waist-down, splitting, kite turning over, carp beating, butterfly-flapping, in-situ rotation of 3611 and pyramid-shaped ocean (modeling). Wonderful performances and difficult modeling often win the audience's admiration and praise, and even perform unique skills.

back core

Tongguan south street core was produced in the jurisdiction of ancient Tongguan south street, and at the same time, a few neighboring people participated. The iron skeleton is the "core" of various decorative arts, carrying one or several children, and with action performances, it has become a characteristic art of South Street with its height, danger, strangeness and cleverness, which is deeply loved by the masses and foreign friends.

The core is handmade and performed, and its core needs to be forged with wrought iron for many times, making it a special steel with both rigidity and flexibility. It can not only carry heavy objects, but also move to a certain extent, giving people an artistic aesthetic feeling, and can perform ancient and modern dramas, folklore and other aspects.

The scale of South Street core can be large or small, and it can be performed in a large square or on the stage; Can be performed alone, but also with gongs, drums, yangko and other performances. At the same time, it can be divided into back core, lifting core and turning core, so as to arrange different activities according to different occasions.

Mineral resources

There are many kinds of minerals buried in the Qinling area of this county, such as gold, silver, lead, graphite, marble, vermiculite and so on, which are widely distributed and rich in reserves. According to the discovery of cave stone carvings in the "three years of Chongning" (1114) in the Northern Song Dynasty, people mined gold ore about 911 years ago. Mine caves have been found in Tongyu, Haocha, Taiyu and Dongtongyu, and there are 72 holes in Mayu alone. Throughout the ages, the government repeatedly banned the exploitation and utilization of the common people. Ren Bingxian cruelly suppressed the miners in 17 Ming Dynasty. Tongguan Weizhi, written by Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, described the situation that Tongguan Weizhi commanded Shengde to suppress the miners: "In the twenty-ninth year of Jiajing, the miners were rampant, and the soldiers were defeated, and the public fought hard, so they became thieves." "New Records of Tongguan County" describes that there is a copper mine under the cliff of Fotou in Xitongyu, which was once mined by the government, but it was terminated because the seedlings were immature. In the Qing dynasty, there were also miners' exploration and stone marking. It is also recorded that there is a coal mine in Niujiaoling, southwest China. In the tenth year of the Republic of China (1921), some people raised funds for mining, but they stopped because of the exhaustion of resources, but I don't know if there is a coal mine. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in 1958, during the "big steel smelting", the masses found placer gold in Langtie Sand of Dongtongyu River, which was once widely spread. In 1965, Shaanxi Geological Bureau sent an exploration team to conduct a general survey of mineral resources in Qinling Mountain area of this county. After general survey, preliminary investigation and detailed investigation, there were indeed gold ores. In 1972, the county planned to develop a marble mine. Around 1975, industrial and sideline production, such as mining vermiculite, marble and vermiculite processing, rose rapidly in the mountainous area.

on the basis of developing marble and vermiculite, gold ore is developed according to geological exploration data. In 1975, Tongguan County Gold Mine was established. In 1976, the construction of Tongguan Gold Mine in Weinan began. In 1977, Shaanxi Revolutionary Committee decided to merge Tongguan Gold Mine in Weinan with Luonan Chromium Mine to form Tongguan Gold Mine in Shaanxi Province. In 1979, the county gold mine was handed over to Tongguan Gold Mine in Shaanxi Province because of the uneven capital and technology. In 1984, Tongguan Gold Mine in Shaanxi Province was changed to the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, which was divided into Dongtongyu and Tongyu mining areas, with 5 pitheads and 1,655 employees. With strong technical force and complete mechanized equipment, the daily output of raw ore was 511 tons, making it a state-designated medium-sized gold mining enterprise. In 1985, it produced 6111 taels of gold and realized a profit of 2.16 million yuan. In the same year, Lijia Gold Mine was established in the county, and Xiaokou Gold Mine in the county was established in 1986. By 1989, the annual output of the two mines was 2,617.38 taels and 5,554.25 taels respectively. At the same time, the Dongtongyu mining area of Tongguan Gold Mine in the Ministry of Metallurgy was changed to Dongtongyu Gold Mine and the Ministry of Metallurgy.

with the development of national mine construction, the wave of gold smelting by collective and individual mining is rising in the wind. In 1979, after the third production team of Mafengyukou Brigade of Li Jiacun Commune set up a mining team, Shaanxi Metallurgical Bureau repeatedly urged the establishment of a gold mining team, and the county commune team enterprise bureau sent personnel to the team for guidance, and mining teams along the mountain were established one after another. By 1985, there were more than 81 mining teams with different scales and technical equipment in the county. After Taiyao Commune established a gold smelter in 1981, there were 13 gold smelters in the county by 1985. Originally, the mined ore was exported to other places, with an annual mining stone of more than 2,451 tons. In 1981, it was equivalent to an annual output of 2,152 taels of gold, 1,397 taels of silver and 21 tons of lead, with a total output value of more than 261,111 yuan. Since then, self-mining and self-refining have been carried out. By 1985, it produced more than 21,111 taels of gold, more than 23,511 taels of silver and more than 411 tons of lead, with a total output value of 5.83 million yuan, ranking among the 2,111 counties producing gold in China. There are 772 cyanide tanks, mixed mercury mills, small ball mills and cyanide tanks in people's homes. The county's gold production this year exceeded 32 thousand, with an average of more than 1 two per person.

economic development

in 2117, the county's economy grew steadily and rapidly, and remarkable achievements were made in various social undertakings, and people's living standards continued to improve.

I. comprehensive

The national economy is growing rapidly. The county's GDP reached 882 million yuan, an increase of 13.6% over the previous year, and the growth rate reached a new high in the past decade. Among them, the primary industry realized an added value of 1.14 billion yuan, an increase of 7% over the previous year; The added value of the secondary industry was 249 million yuan, an increase of 27.2% over the previous year; The added value of the tertiary industry reached 529 million yuan, up 9.6% over the previous year. The proportion of the three industries in GDP is 11.8%, 28.2% and 61% respectively. The county's per capita GDP is 5721 yuan, up by 19.72% over the previous year < P > II. Agriculture < P > The rural economy has developed steadily. The county achieved a total agricultural output value of 193.23 million yuan (current price), an increase of 7.28% over the previous year. Among them, agricultural output value was 134.89 million yuan, forestry output value was 9.46 million yuan, animal husbandry output value was 38.2 million yuan, fishery output value was 2.67 million yuan, and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery service output value was 8 million yuan, up by 8.89%, 13.7%, 35.54%, -4.8% and 2.49% respectively over the previous year. At the end of the year, the total power of agricultural machinery was 73,111 kilowatts, and the amount of chemical fertilizer applied was 5,845 tons (in pure terms).

the output of main agricultural products:

in p>2117, it increased by (%) over the previous year.

The grain output was 51,725 tons 7.4

Among which, the summer grain output was 21,817 tons-17

the autumn grain output was 29,918 tons 35

the cotton output was 691 tons 37.2

the oil output was 2,612 tons 11.6 < In 21 The total output of meat was 3,111 tons 7.3

Among them, pork was 2,485 tons 6.3

beef and mutton was 463 tons 7.7

the output of poultry and eggs was 431 tons 1.2

At the end of the year, there were 9,834 domestic animals-1.3

There were 22,121 live pigs. The county completed the afforestation area of 27,111 mu in the whole year. Among them, 19995 mu of barren hills are afforested. The construction of green homes has been carried out in depth and new achievements have been made in the construction of ecological civilization.

the pace of capital construction of farmland water conservancy has been accelerated. More than 9.9 million yuan was invested in water conservancy construction, and 3,111 mu of basic farmland was added. In the whole year, 46.7 kilometers of channels were newly built and renovated, and 21 wells were newly drilled, with an area of 1511 mu of water-saving irrigation and an area of 12 square kilometers of soil erosion control.

iii. industry and construction industry

industrial production grew rapidly. The industrial enterprises above designated size in the jurisdiction completed an output value of 962.48 million yuan (current price) and realized an added value of 211 million yuan (current price), up by 35.8% and 31.5% respectively over the previous year.

output of major industrial products:

in p>2117, it increased by (%) compared with the previous year.

Gold was 172555.5 Liang 14.9

Among them, finished gold was 134113.7 Liang 26.2

Gold content was 38331.8 Liang-－12.6

Machine bricks were 221 million pieces 11.5 < There are 4 qualified construction enterprises in the county, with an annual construction output value of 58.5 million yuan.

iv. investment in fixed assets

investment in fixed assets grew rapidly. The county's total social investment in fixed assets was 349.29 million yuan (excluding cross-regional projects), an increase of 76.19% over the previous year. Among them, the investment in fixed assets investment projects with a statistical scope of more than 511,111 yuan was 299.12 million yuan, an increase of 95.15% over the previous year, and the investment in primary, secondary and tertiary industries was 14.63 million yuan, 162.36 million yuan and 122.13 million yuan respectively, with an increase of 115.76%, 83.42% and 111.88% over the previous year.

v. transportation and post and telecommunications

the transportation industry has developed steadily. The transportation system of the county has completed the cargo transportation volume of 1.63 million tons and the cargo turnover of 136.86 million tons km. The passenger transport volume is 1.4 million, and the passenger turnover is 118.26 million person-kilometers.

the post and telecommunications industry continued to develop healthily. At the end of the year, the number of fixed telephone users reached 25,978, a decrease of 119 over the previous year.