1, eat raw food susceptible to cholera
Recently, there have been two cases of Vibrio cholerae infection and one case of cholera cluster, the health unit has initiated contact tracing, investigating the possible sources of infection and to strengthen the people's health education prevention and control efforts, the public should avoid eating raw food and drinking raw food and cooked food were processed, and should be careful about drinking water that is not boiled, before cutting vegetables. Before cutting vegetables, cutting boards can be scalded with hot water, wash hands frequently before and after meals, and scrub hands for more than 20 seconds to avoid Vibrio cholerae and other intestinal infectious diseases.
(1) alkali-resistant and acid-intolerant, seawater and freshwater are easy to survive
Vibrio cholerae is mainly transmitted by the fecal-oral route, and it is easy to invade the patients who have undergone gastrectomy and other weak resistance as long as they have few germs, and the infection pathway is to ingest the water or food contaminated by the patients or carriers of feces or vomitus, and the incubation period is often 2-3 days, and it may happen if they eat contaminated aquatic products or water sources, and then the cholera may occur. The incubation period is often two to three days, raw food contaminated aquatic products or water sources, there may be Vibrio cholerae food poisoning, Vibrio cholerae alkali-resistant and acid-intolerant, easy to survive in seawater and freshwater, so aquatic products are prone to Vibrio cholerae.
(2) Dull expression, hoarse voice, no urine
Most of the poisoned people will have diarrhea, no fever, and only 10% of them will have severe dehydration, and the patients will have rapid heartbeat, irritability, dull expression, hoarse voice, no urine or reduced urine output, and sometimes muscle cramps due to electrolyte loss. Family members of cholera patients have a 4% to 22% chance of being infected due to daily contact.
(3) Separate knives and cutting boards to avoid cross contamination
Vibrio cholerae can survive for 3 to 4 days in a frozen environment, therefore, any seafood products should be heated and eaten again, and don't ignore the risk of eating raw food because of the pursuit of taste, make sure that the source of seafood and aquatic products, wash your hands before and after preparing food, and separate knives and cutting boards of raw and cooked food to avoid cross contamination. If a caterer is infected with a disease that may cause food contamination, he or she should take the initiative to inform the person in charge of the site of his or her illness or infection, in accordance with the guidelines of Good Hygienic Practice for Foods.
2, raw food diarrhea how to
A, acute fasting: acute water diarrhea need to be temporarily fasting, so that the intestinal tract completely rest. If necessary by intravenous fluids to prevent excessive water loss and dehydration.
Second, light fluid diet: do not need to fasting, the onset of the disease should be given a light fluid diet. Such as protein water, fruit juice, rice soup, thin noodle soup, etc., mainly salty. Early ban on milk, sucrose and other easy to produce gas fluid diet. Some patients are not adapted to milk, milk often aggravate diarrhea.
Three, according to the condition of the adjusted diet: the number of bowel movements to reduce the symptoms of relief changed to a low-fat liquid diet, or low-fat less residue, soft and easy to digest semi-liquid diet, such as rice congee, lotus root powder, rotten noodles, noodles, and so on.
Four, dietary choice: after the basic cessation of diarrhea, can be supplied with low-fat low residue semi-liquid diet or soft food. A small number of meals, in order to facilitate digestion; such as noodles, porridge, steamed bread, rotten rice, lean meat puree. Still should be appropriate to limit the vegetables and fruits containing more crude fiber, etc., and later gradually transition to universal food.
Fifth, supplemental vitamins: pay attention to the complex vitamin B and vitamin C supplements, such as fresh orange juice, fruit juice, tomato juice, vegetable soup.
Sixth, dietary taboos: prohibition of alcohol, avoid fat meat, hard and crude fiber containing vegetables, cold fruits and vegetables, greasy snacks and cold drinks.
3, cholera transmission pathway is what
one, through the water transmission of water
in the spread of cholera plays a major role. In places with poor sanitary conditions, rivers, canals, ponds, lakes, wells and harbor seawater are highly susceptible to contamination. People in rural areas of China in summer and fall have the habit of drinking raw water, gargling with raw water, washing and brushing eating utensils, soaking vegetables and aquatic products, etc. These habits increase the chance of cholera spreading through water.
Transmission through water presents a violent epidemic, patients are distributed along the contaminated water source, in the water body containing bacteria concentration is low or the bacterial virulence of the weaker, the crowd immunity is higher in the region, there can also be disseminated cases.
Two, food transmission
Cholera can be transmitted through food. The role of food transmission of cholera is second only to that of water, but in areas where there is already safe drinking water, mild and clinical type of patients, the role of contaminated food to cause transmission may be more prominent.
Three, life contact transmission
Cholera can also occur with direct contact with patients or carriers or contact with items contaminated by Vibrio eltor.
Contact transmission occurs in densely populated areas with poor sanitation, often causing infection in a small area. Such as the phenomenon of multiple cases in one household. However, this type of transmission and food-type, water-type transmission is not easy to separate distinctly. It should not be concluded that daily contact transmission is due only to the emergence of multiple sources of infection.
Fourth, through the medium of insect transmission
The disease epidemic flies can carry bacteria. Vibrio eltorii has been detected in flies captured from cholera-infected ships and from infected areas.
The epidemiologic significance of the various types of carriers is closely related to the carrier's own occupation, living conditions, hygiene, literacy, and other factors, of which occupation is particularly important.
4, how to prevent children's diarrhea
Prevention of feverish fall diarrhea, pediatricians recommend that parents start from five aspects:
(1) do not take the children to the crowded public **** place to go, to avoid contact with the sick child.
(2) pay attention to hygiene, toys used by children, and furniture that can be touched, should be rinsed with water diligently, always wash your hands before eating, and parents should also wash their hands before breastfeeding or eating for their children, which should be rinsed with running water.
(3) Don't eat cold food. When you eat ready-made cooked food, be sure to pay attention to the date of manufacture, the quality of the variety, and the best thing to do is not eat the cooked food on sale.
(4) Prevent viral infections, hot and cold should be evenly distributed, to prevent colds, so that children can resist rotavirus attack.
(5) Early vaccination. Vaccination can make children increase a certain resistance, and reduce the probability of becoming seriously ill once infected, however, vaccination is not 100% free, still need to do a good job of protection.