[ Case 1]

An enthusiastic and passionate teacher aims to make students study better and provide a more interesting learning environment. At the beginning of the new school year, he carefully decorated the classroom. All kinds of vivid and interesting pictures were posted on the walls around the classroom, and flowers and plants were placed on the windowsill, which made the classroom full of vitality. Please judge, what kind of effect will it produce? Why?

[ Analysis] Although this enthusiastic teacher has a good starting point, it backfires, but it has the effect of distracting students' attention and affecting their concentrated study. According to the law of unintentional attention, interesting pictures, indoor flowers and plants attract students' attention, especially for junior students, they tend to shift their attention to enjoying pictures, flowers and plants, which affects their concentration in class.

[ Case 2]

When teachers write new words on the blackboard, they often write the same parts and different parts of similar words in white and red chalk respectively. What is the purpose? What is the rule?

[ Analysis] The purpose is to increase the differences between similar characters, so that students can easily master similar characters.

(1) It conforms to the law of perceptual selectivity: the greater the difference between the perceptual object and the perceptual background, the easier it is for people to perceive the object.

(2) It conforms to the law of simultaneous contrast in sensory interaction: red and white are in sharp contrast, which makes it easy for students to distinguish similar characters.

[ Case 3]

There are many skills to teach students to read. One teacher told students how to distinguish between "buying and selling" and said, "If you have more, you will sell, and if you have less, you will buy." The students quickly remembered these two words. Other students write "dryness" as "dryness" and "impatience" as "impatience", and the teacher teaches students to remember: "dryness is fire-proof, and impatience must be stamped." From then on, students are no longer confused about these two words. What is the psychological basis of these teaching methods?

[ Analysis] These teaching methods have a good inspiration and reference for us. The knowledge of psychology tells us that students must learn to use their brains actively to find out the relationship between materials for all meaningful materials; For meaningless materials, we should try to give them artificial meaning, and memorize them on the basis of understanding, so that the memory effect is good. In short, teachers should teach students to memorize meanings.

[ Case 4]

Why do teachers often turn to fill in the blanks and ask questions instead of just choosing and judging questions when checking students' knowledge?

[ Analysis] The choice and judgment are mainly answered through recognition; Fill in the blanks and answer questions mainly through reappearance. Because of the different levels of recognition and reproduction, people's recognition memory is better than reproduction memory, and what can be recognized is not necessarily reproduced. Therefore, it is difficult to show that the memory has reached a firm level only by judgment and choice, and often by means of questions such as question and answer and fill in the blanks.

[ Case 5]

In actual teaching, some teachers adopt the practice of "missing one to make up for ten" and "punishing ten for one mistake" for students' homework. What do you think of this phenomenon? Please use the relevant laws of memory to analyze it.

[ Analysis] This practice violates the memory law and is also ineffective. The effect of students' memorization is related to the nature and quantity of memorizing materials, so it should not be too much in a certain period of time, otherwise, it will easily cause students' excessive fatigue and reduce the effect of memorization. At the same time, the practice of "missing one to make up for ten" and "punishing ten for one mistake" will easily make students lose their interest in learning and their confidence and initiative in memory, and create some psychological obstacles for further study.

[ Case 6]

In class, when the teacher asked the students to "list the uses of bricks", the students' answer was: "build houses, warehouses, schools and pave the way"; Student Xiao Ming's answer is: "build a house, build a flower bed, beat dogs and knock nails". What are Xiao Fang's and Xiao Ming's answers? Which answer do you prefer? Why? Please analyze according to the principle of thinking.

[ analysis] Xiao Fang replied that the uses of bricks are all scattered along the direction of being used as "building materials", and there is almost no flexibility. Xiao Ming's answer not only thinks that bricks can be used as building materials, but also as self-defense weapons and beating tools. This kind of divergent thinking is flexible and its new ideas and ideas are conducive to the development of creative thinking.

1. Read the following and comment on the moral education view of the class teacher and the moral education methods used.

In the last class on Friday afternoon, under the auspices of the head teacher, the class held a democratic vote on "choosing the difference". The classroom was noisy, and I closed my eyes in annoyance when I looked at the students' winking faces and gestures that seemed to imply something. Really, I don't understand the significance of such a selection. Everyone has his own ideas. Let them toss about. I'll concentrate on those math problems. At the end of the voting, the class teacher walked up to the podium in a righteous manner, sang votes on the spot and announced the selection results. "The worst discipline, Sun Xiaomei (pseudonym, the same below), 32 votes; Labor is the worst, Wang xin, a ***31 votes, a lot; The worst manners, Guo Dapeng, the eyes of the masses are discerning; Learn the worst, Li Li, irrefutable evidence; ……。” The teacher's voice seemed to come from hell, and my mind went blank. After school, everything ended in the noise. None of the students who were elected the worst would go home. The boy's eyes are burning with anger, while the girl is already sobbing at her desk. Looking out the window at the hazy color of rain, I only felt an indescribable self-assertion. Suddenly, my nose ached and tears welled up in my eyes. I don't understand what purpose the teacher's "poor selection" has achieved, and what purpose this "democratic voting" has achieved. I want to transfer, I want to drop out of school, I would rather be illiterate than return to such classes and schools. (Excerpt from Qian Minhui's Students Tell the Truth, China Personnel Publishing House, 1998)

2. I used to be a person who loves to ask questions in primary school, but every time I asked questions, I was denied. I remember once, when Teacher A was teaching the ancient poem "Spring Dawn", I felt in doubt and asked, "The teacher said that the poet sleeps well in spring and doesn't even know the dawn, so how can he hear the wind and rain at night?" Teacher A said disapprovingly, "What's so strange about this? Don't you know when you get up in the morning and look outside? " I want to ask again. The teacher waved me to sit down, looked around the class and said with a little ridicule, "Tell me, is he right or is the teacher right?" The students answered without hesitation: "The teacher is right!" At that time, I felt so embarrassed that I had unwarranted doubts about my judgment. After I went to middle school, I seldom asked questions.

The following is a clip from the reading class Cinderella. In class, Teacher B raised a series of questions and asked everyone to think independently and answer them. The last question she asked was:

? 6? 1? 6? 1? 6? 1? 6? 1? 6? 1? 6? 1, there is a mistake in this story, who can find it out? "

Everyone opened their textbooks and began to read carefully. After a while, a child held up his hand and said, "Teacher, I found the mistake. It is clearly agreed that by midnight, everything will change back to its original appearance, but Cinderella's glass shoes have not changed. This is a mistake. " "Great!" After the teacher motioned him to sit down, he said to the class, "Look, children, great writers make mistakes. I'm sure that if any of you becomes a writer in the future, it will be better than him. I look forward to that day. " The students nodded frequently.

Please use the educational principles to analyze the different views on students of teachers A and B..

3. Teacher Zhang Hong, who has just been assigned from normal school, is the head teacher of Class 2, Grade 2 in junior high school. Out of concern, Mr. Zhao in the same office advised Mr. Zhang as a "experienced person": "The students in this class are very naughty. It's not good to physically punish the students if they don't fight for three days, but for students of this age, you can only establish your prestige if you are a little hard on them and strictly control their words and deeds. Otherwise, this class can't be brought. " Teacher Zhang seems to have realized something.

Analyze Mr. Zhao's advice by using relevant educational theories.

4. Xiaoqiang's parents often quarrel in front of their children for his education. The mother criticized the father for being indifferent to his children's education and only indulging in playing mahjong. Once a child makes a mistake, he will only take a simple method of beating and cursing. The father accused the mother of "psychopathy", demanding the children with unrealistic goals, nagging "I am for your own good" and "so-and-so is better than you" all day, and taking care of the children too much and too carefully, which made the children feel at a loss and have rebellious psychology.

according to the principle of pedagogy, analyze the problems existing in the family education process of the above cases.

5. Mr. Zhao is a young teacher in a middle school, and now he is in charge of the class teacher's work. He is deeply convinced by the great people's educator Mr. Tao Xingzhi's educational motto of "Love the whole world" and vows to be an excellent teacher who loves students. After graduating from college and going to work, he devoted himself to the education and teaching of students In order to get to know and get close to students and gain their trust, he participates in extracurricular or even off-campus activities with students, such as playing ball games, playing chess, visiting video game halls, etc., which is almost responsive to students' wishes. However, after one school year, Mr. Zhao felt very depressed: not only did the school leaders criticize him for indulging his students too much, but the classmates also complained about his management style and complained that the teacher was biased. To this end, Mr. Zhao was very upset and almost moved the idea of resigning from the post of head teacher.

please point out the main problems in teacher Zhao's work from the perspective of relevant principles of pedagogy.

Try to talk about how to improve Mr. Zhao's work based on the theoretical viewpoint of teachers' literacy.

6. Guangming School is a weak school, students have no intention to go to school, illegal and criminal activities occur from time to time, and their academic performance has been relatively poor. In 1994, President Li went to work in the school, determined to change this situation, and on the basis of investigation and research, he designed a reform plan to promote the development of the school with aesthetic education as a breakthrough. The specific practice of the school is to require every student to participate in the activities of extracurricular art clubs or interest groups on the basis of good music and art classes, and set up various art groups such as school drum bands, choirs, calligraphy clubs, art clubs and craft groups, hold regular art education lectures, hold campus art festivals, and display and display the creative achievements of art clubs in time. After a period of hard work, the school's art education activities are in full swing, and the students are never tired of it. Moreover, the whole school has changed, the phenomenon of illegal crimes no longer occurs, the academic performance has been significantly improved, and the students' mental outlook has been greatly improved. ?

Question: (1) Please use the principle of aesthetic education to analyze the reform measures of Guangming School;

(2) If you are a school leader, what are you going to do next?

case 1 today's children accept all kinds of new things at an early age, and there are many strange things in their minds. Sometimes, they will ask you some strange questions in class or after class. For example, if you talk about the sun and the moon in class, some children will ask, "Teacher, why does the sun come out during the day?"? Why does the moon come out at night? " I can barely answer such a question, but the questions that some children ask me after class really make it difficult for me to answer. For example, some children will suddenly ask you, "Teacher, what is' cool'?" "Teacher, how can I become Princess Huanzhu?" I was speechless for a moment. Sometimes I think, maybe I am really too old to be a primary school teacher. Question: In the face of this teacher's confusion, what do you think is the problem? Please answer

as a requirement for the modernization of teachers' quality. A: The teacher's confusion mainly lies in his incomprehension of new things and new words in today's society, in other words, the modernization of educational ideas can't keep pace.

the core of educational modernization is the modernization of teachers' quality. Because any activity in education depends on teachers, the realization of educational goals and the effect depend on teachers.

The modernization of teachers' quality includes: the modernization of educational ideas, the modernization of professional ethics and the modernization of ability and quality. In a word, the modernization of teachers' quality is a special reflection of the overall requirements of modern society for modern people in teachers' profession.

Case 2:

Chengdu Education Bureau's Notice on Further Standardizing the School-running Behavior of Basic Education stipulates: "Public schools in compulsory education stage should be admitted without examination nearby, and any public, private and various primary schools and junior high schools that carry out school-running system reform should not select freshmen by examination, nor should they take the results of various subject competitions (such as primary school mathematics Olympic Games) as the basis for enrolling new students."

Question: What do you think of the regulations of Chengdu Education Bureau? Please evaluate the Olympic Games from the educational purpose of all-round development.

A: I think the regulations of Chengdu Education Bureau not only further standardize the running of basic education, but also prevent education from deviating from its track, which has become disguised education. This regulation also promotes the realization of the goal of all-round development of education. Implementing all-round development education is an inevitable requirement for the purpose of socialist education. All-round development education consists of five kinds of education: moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and labor and technology education. In the face of the challenge of the new technological revolution, paying attention to intellectual development is the same trend of education in contemporary countries around the world. Olympic Games is to develop students' intelligence, arm students with the essence of knowledge and cater to the trend of education. But many people are blindly for the Olympic Games. Only pay attention to the development of students' intellectual education, while ignoring the development of the other four educations, giving preference to one another and neglecting the other. The students trained in this way only know the competition, but I don't know if the others are sound.

Case 3:

The reader, Ms. Xue, reflected that her 11-year-old son, Xiao Lei (a pseudonym), who had not transferred to school for one semester, seemed to be a different person than before. In the past, because he liked to do little tricks, Xiao Lei was scolded by his teacher. As a result, he was afraid when he saw the teacher and had to transfer. Shortly after arriving at the new school, Xiao Lei couldn't help but do nothing in class and was found by the teacher. The new teacher didn't say anything, but patted him on the back with a smile and went on with the class. In the future, every time the new teacher walks past Xiaolei, if Xiaolei doesn't make any small moves, the teacher will smile and nod his head in approval. Soon, Xiao Lei got rid of his bad habits and fell in love with learning, which greatly increased his self-confidence.

question: please analyze this case and treat the new teacher's educational tact with the problematic students. Please analyze the physical and psychological development characteristics of primary school students.

a: the height and weight of primary school students are between two growth peaks, which is a relatively stable development period. Their intentional attention has begun to develop, but unintentional attention is still dominant. Their attention is unstable and persistent, and the characteristics of emotional instability and poor control of primary school students are also prominent, especially in the lower grades of primary school, they still evaluate themselves according to the requirements of others. These are the physical and psychological development characteristics of primary school students.

The new teacher above correctly recognized this point, and tactfully used this feature to guide Xiao Lei, which not only corrected him, but also did not hurt his self-esteem. Teachers must pay attention to cultivating children's emotions while imparting knowledge, which is more important and urgent for children's healthy growth.

Case 4:

At the end of 2119, there was a bad boy in the western United States. He threw a stone at his neighbor's window and put the dead rabbit in a bucket and put it on the school fire.