The upstream enterprises of the banking industry include software developers, hardware suppliers, pager service providers, printing paper suppliers, clothing customizers, real estate lessors, gas stations, advertisers and so on. Upstream software and hardware infrastructure: IT mainly provides suppliers of basic software and hardware standardization products in the process of bank IT system construction, including basic hardware products (servers, switches, routers, storage, etc. ) and basic software products (database, operating system, middleware, etc.). ). Upstream software and hardware products are mainly standard products, with many participants, full market competition and relatively transparent prices.