1. What is your monthly water consumption?

2. What is the biggest water consumption in your home? (Multiple choices are allowed) A. Bathing B. Washing clothes C. Cooking D. Cleaning E. Others F. I don't know.

3. Does your water reuse water resources? A. It's B. Not C. Sometimes

4. How do you reuse water resources? (Multiple choices are allowed) A. Wash your face and wipe the table B. Wash the toilet with laundry C. Wash the dishes with rice washing water D. Water the flowers with rice washing water and tea E. Others _ _ _ _

5. Is your household washing powder phosphorus-free? A. it's B. no

6. Do you often use detergent, bleach and other products? C.almost none.

7. Do you remember to turn off the tap when taking a bath and rubbing soap at home? A. it's B. no

8. When you buy a washing machine, will you consider its water consumption? A. it's B. no

9. What do you do with a dripping faucet? A. Turn off B. Leave it alone C. Other _ _ _

10. Do you know World Water Day? A. I don't know B. Yes, it's _ _ _

1 1. How do you wash the dishes? A. straight at B. basin washing C. the above two are integrated.

12. Do you usually pay attention to articles about "water crisis"? A. Often B. Occasionally C. Not paying attention

13. Has your family implemented some water-saving measures? A. Yes, B. No C. I don't know.

14. Do you think implementing water-saving measures in your life will affect your life? Is this acceptable? A. the impact is unacceptable. B. it has a certain impact and is acceptable. C. there is no impact. I don't know.

15. Are there many people around you who really save water? A. More B. Less C. Almost none

16. Do you want TV, newspapers and magazines to introduce more water-saving methods? I hope B. In any case C. This is unnecessary.

17. Would you like to repair the slightly leaking faucet? A: Yes. B. No need

Garbage disposal method

First of all, we must abide by the prohibition of littering, and throw the waste into designated places or containers, especially don't litter waste batteries, because heavy metals contained in a waste battery will cause very serious pollution if they flow into clean water.

Secondly, in learning, we should try our best to save stationery and put an end to waste. For example, pencils are made of wood, and wasting pencils is equivalent to destroying forests.

Thirdly, try to avoid using disposable beverage cups, foam lunch boxes, plastic bags and disposable chopsticks, and replace them with ceramic cups, paper lunch boxes, cloth bags and ordinary bamboo chopsticks, which can greatly reduce the generation of garbage.

Fourth, although bubble gum is children's favorite candy, it is also a kind of food beneficial to human health, but don't throw the chewed gum base everywhere, because it will stick everywhere. When eating, you can put away its wrapping paper, wrap the spit gum base and throw it into the trash can.

Fifth, don't kill wild animals at will, especially don't eat frogs, a good friend of human beings, because 1 frogs can eat about 1 5000 insects, mainly pests, in1year.

Sixth, take care of flowers and trees, do not destroy urban greening, and actively participate in greening and tree planting activities.

Seventh, when you leave the room, turn off the lights and unplug the TV, stereo, computer and other electrical appliances.

Eighth, even in the coldest place, there is no need to make the room temperature exceed 18℃. If you feel cold, you can put on more clothes.

Ninth, replace ordinary light bulbs with energy-saving lamps as much as possible. Although it is more expensive, the power consumption is only a fraction of that of ordinary light bulbs.

Tenth, use closed containers instead of plastic packaging to store food.

Eleventh, when buying drinks, try to choose canned drinks that can be recycled.

Twelfth, please bring your own shopping bags to go shopping and avoid using non-recyclable and non-degradable plastic bags.

Thirteenth, save water. Please turn off the tap when brushing your teeth.

Fourteenth, gardeners should apply organic fertilizer.

Fertilizers such as compost and manure should be avoided.

Use pesticides and herbicides, because they will penetrate into the soil and endanger the water source.

Fifth, slow down when driving, which will reduce fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.

Sixteenth, try to replace cars or bicycles with footsteps.

Whether in the past, present or future, whether in the family, the country or the world, the environment will always be our friend. To be kind to friends is to be kind to yourself.

4. Do you have any good ideas about garbage recycling and utilization >

Study on classified recovery and reuse of packaging waste

The continuous improvement of social productivity has promoted the rapid development of modern packaging industry, resulting in the characteristics of large quantity and short life of modern packaging. Modern packaging products are mostly disposable consumer goods, and the period from raw materials to product molding, consumption and abandonment is short. When most products reach consumers, the service life of packaging has ended, and the resulting packaging waste has caused great pollution to the environment and seriously affected the quality of human life. Data show that the environmental pollution caused by packaging waste is second only to water pollution, marine lake pollution and air pollution, ranking fourth. Therefore, establishing relevant laws and regulations, reducing the generation of packaging waste and improving its recycling technology have become a topic of global concern. This paper attempts to classify packaging waste according to its materials and study its recycling.

First, the recycling of paper packaging waste

Paper packaging material is the fastest developing packaging material, and it has become the focus of development and utilization because of its obvious ecological and economic benefits. At present, paper packaging waste is usually recovered by recycling paper and developing new products.

1, paper packaging waste recycling for papermaking

There are two main processes of waste paper recycling: pulping and papermaking. The technological process of pulping is: crushing, purification, screening and concentration; Paper-making is to transport waste paper pulp to a paper machine, and make it into tube paper or flat paper after screening, squeezing, drying and calendering.

(1) Decomposition of waste paper

After preliminary screening, waste paper is generally shredded by hydraulic pulper.

② Screening, classification and concentration of waste paper.

The screening of shredded waste paper is mainly to remove impurities (plastic fragments, sawdust, nylon rope, binding wire, etc.). ) were separated from shredded waste paper by using a rotary screen (aperture: 10mm) and a 25L mesh (diameter: 2.5mm). Defibration refers to the incomplete disintegration of the waste paper (such as the part around the staple) which is further disintegrated by the thermal mill, and the residual ink on the pulp fiber is further separated. Concentration is the dehydration and concentration of low-concentration pulp by using concentration equipment (such as rotary screen thickener, vacuum filter and inclined filter, etc.).

(3) There should be asphalt, hot melt adhesive and other sundries in the cement slurry.

If the slurry contains asphalt and wax, it needs to be heated and melted, and then dispersed evenly in the slurry through a cyclone separator. Because the dispersion is very fine, the finished paper is not easy to be detected. The hot melt adhesive in pulp will block the net, dirty dyeing roller and drying cylinder during papermaking, thus causing paper damage, so it should be removed by thermal dispersion, cold screening, thermal spraying and other methods.

④ Deinking of waste paper

Deinking of waste paper is usually carried out in intermittent hydraulic pulper. In order to achieve good deinking effect, we must pay attention to the following problems; Feeding sequence; Firstly, adding the deinking agent into the hot water of the pulper, dissolving and adding waste paper; Properly raise the temperature to promote ink diffusion (depending on the properties of waste paper and deinking agent, the low temperature is about 40 ~ 600℃ and the high temperature is about 80 ~ 900℃); Extend the time appropriately to promote the release of waste paper and ink dispersion (usually, the deinking time of each pool is1~1.5h; Wash the deinked pulp in time to prevent the fiber from discoloring.

⑤ Pulp bleaching

After the waste paper is stored for a period of time, the whiteness of the fiber will decrease, and the deinked pulp needs bleaching to restore its original whiteness. All factories use bleaching machines to bleach pulp. When the bleaching agent is bleaching powder, the available chlorine content is 7% and the bleaching time is about 2 hours. If you want to improve the whiteness of waste paper pulp, you can also take the following measures: first, strengthen washing and screen out fine fibers; 2, respectively bleaching according to the fiber length; Thirdly, enzyme pretreatment is used before bleaching.

The preparation, activation, sizing, filling, color matching, strengthening and papermaking of pulp are basically the same as those of ordinary paper making, so they will not be repeated here.

2, paper packaging waste to develop new products.

(1) manufacturing pulp molded products

Pulp molded products are made of waste paper pulp without impurities by vacuum molding, hydraulic molding and air compression molding, which are quickly and evenly deposited on a mesh model and then compressed and dried. Its technological process includes waste paper sorting, pulping, batching, sizing, concentrated preparation, product molding, cold extrusion and sizing. This product has the characteristics of light weight, low price, impact resistance, good air permeability and no environmental pollution, and is widely used in the packaging of eggs, fruits, glass and so on.

(2) manufacturing a composite plate

Waste paper can be used to make high-strength bonded paperboard. The method is to press waste paper with phenolic resin or urea-formaldehyde resin (the pressing temperature of phenolic resin is 170℃ and urea-formaldehyde resin is 140℃). Waste paper can also be used to make asphalt corrugated board. The method is to mold waste paper, cotton yarn ends, coconut fibers and asphalt. This product has good heat insulation, water tightness, portability, fire resistance and corrosion resistance, and can be used as building materials.

(3) making paper scraps paste

Waste paper scraps produce a very viscous paste after hydrolysis. In this method, clean scraps of paper (1 serving) without ink are soaked in sodium hydroxide (0. 1 serving) for 24 hours, and then dissolved by stirring, and then chloroacetic acid (0.35 serving) and sodium carbonate (0.05 serving) are added. 1 serving), finally adding water and stirring to form a paste. In order to prevent mildew and discoloration, a small amount of hydrochloric acid can be added to adjust the pH value to neutral.

④ Livestock feed production.

Waste paper can be used to produce livestock feed. The method is to chop up the waste paper, add water and 2% hydrochloric acid, and then boil it for 2 hours. Under the action of high temperature and acid, cellulose will decompose and break, and then it will be added to feed (20% ~ 40%) to feed animals such as cattle and sheep. Its nutritional effect is higher than that of ordinary feed 1/3. Cattle and sheep fed with this feed have less diseases and more weight gain.

Second, the recycling of wood packaging waste

Wood is one of the important packaging materials, which can be used to make various forms of transportation packaging containers and high-grade sales packaging. A large number of wooden packaging wastes are discarded at will, which not only pollutes the natural environment, but also wastes valuable resources. The recycling of wood packaging waste usually adopts recycling, mechanical or chemical treatment.

1. Recycling of Wood Packaging

The recycling of wood packaging is a method of recycling waste wood packaging and then returning it to the manufacturer for the original product packaging. There are three ways of recycling: fixed-point long-term supply, fixed-point fixed-time recycling and bilateral agreements at the place of export. Fixed-point long-term supply is suitable for manufacturers who provide products to other regions for a long time. Fixed-point fixed-time recycling is suitable for product packaging with large cargo circulation and short circulation distance. Bilateral agreements at the place of export are applicable to the packaging of export products. By establishing a bilateral agreement on packaging recycling, waste wood packaging can be recycled in transnational circulation.

The recycling of wood packaging is the first choice for the recycling of wood packaging waste.

2. Mechanical or chemical treatment of wood packaging

Through mechanical or chemical treatment, waste wood packaging can be used to make floors, fiberboards, self-lubricating materials, amino wood and other products.

(1) Manufacturing Wood Fiberboard

Wood-based panel is a kind of wood-based panel produced with sawdust as the main raw material. Its manufacturing process mainly includes material preparation, fiber separation, fiber drying, fiber classification, glue mixing, slab paving, slab hot pressing, post-treatment and surface treatment.

(2) producing self-lubricating materials

Using the inertia of lignocellulose, recycled wood packaging can be used to manufacture parts and components of heavy-duty self-lubricating components. When making, the wood chips are put into an autoclave for normal-temperature vacuum treatment to remove volatile components and moisture, then the thickened engine oil or polymer-containing polymerization suspension is pumped into the autoclave, and then the impregnated blank is sent to a pressing chamber for heating and pressing, so that the polymers can be rearranged and combined. Active substances are deposited on the surface of particles, which combine with lignin to form a whole material and obtain the required properties. Wood composites have been widely used in electrical insulation industry. In addition, wood is an excellent biochemical corrosion resistant material after being impregnated with preservatives.

(3) produce amino wood.

Amino wood can be prepared by chemical modification of recycled wood packaging by using the chemical activity of chemical components contained in wood. At normal temperature and low pressure, wood interacts with ammonia solution or heated gas ammonia, and is pressed under the pressure of 100 ~ 300 kg/cm2 to make amino wood. This is an excellent new material with low production cost and strong biochemical corrosion resistance. Its strength is not only better than all wood, but also higher than bronze, and its price is only110 of bronze. In addition, amino wood has excellent processing properties such as milling, sawing, planing and cutting, which can be used not only to manufacture parquet floors and furniture, but also to produce musical instruments, sports equipment, shaft sleeves, bearing shells and gears.

(4) making antique letters and banners

Remove the nails, iron sheets and other sundries from the recycled wood packaging, make 40cm small plywood, and then process it into 1cm wide plywood edging, which is the same as the rolling door products of wood products. The banners processed with darker plywood edging such as Fraxinus mandshurica, oak and elm are similar to ancient books and bamboo slips.

⑤ Making molded products and modified polyvinyl alcohol plastic wood.

Pack the recycled wood, remove impurities such as nails, and make sawdust. Then, the dried sawdust is mixed with a certain amount of urea-formaldehyde resin and a small amount of additives such as ferric trichloride and paraffin wax, pre-pressed and hot-pressed, and then filled into the preform for one-time hot-pressing molding. The finished product has a smooth surface, can be directly painted, and can be used to make watch cases, furniture and some handicrafts.

If sawdust is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol, coagulant, epoxy resin and curing agent, plastic wood products can be made. Polyvinyl alcohol has good processability, wear resistance, oil resistance, pressure resistance, toughness and other characteristics, as well as physical properties such as high strength and wear resistance of bakelite.

Second, the recycling market of electronic waste has great development potential. Henan Channel 65438+February 27th. At present, the laws related to the recycling of electronic waste in China have not yet been promulgated, and the enterprises engaged in high-tech recycling are almost blank. The existing garbage disposal only stays in the primitive state, so this market has great development potential.

According to reports, in order to effectively solve the environmental pollution caused by e-waste,

At present, the relevant state departments are studying and formulating a new environmental protection system-extended producer responsibility system, which organically links the management and production of e-waste.

Zhou Zhongfan, former director of the Institute of Fixed Waste of china environmental science Research Institute, who participated in the preliminary investigation of China's electronic waste recycling legislation, said that the number of household appliances in China has surged. At present, the number of TV sets has exceeded 50 million, and the annual sales of computers has exceeded 6 million, with the number exceeding 6.5438+0.6 million. Together with other household appliances and industrial electronic instruments, the number of electronic products in China has reached 500 million. If the service life of household appliances is 8 years and the life cycle of computers is 2 years, it is estimated that tens of millions of household appliances and electronic products will be abandoned every year in China after 2-3 years.

The recovery and reuse of electronic waste has become the development trend of the world. The EU will ban the sale of electronic products containing dangerous substances such as lead and cadmium from July 1 2006, and implement the method of recycling household appliances. At the same time, it is stipulated that the business community must recycle at least 90% of discarded refrigerators and washing machines, and use 60% of such large electrical appliances for reproduction and utilization. In terms of personal computers, the recycling rate will increase from 60% to 70%, and the recycling rate will increase from 50% to 60%. California and Massachusetts have announced bans on burying computer monitors. In response to the EU's environmental protection measures, Matsushita of Japan also advanced the original "Green Plan" from 20 10 to April 2005.

Zhou Zhongfan mentioned in the "First China International Forum on Sustainable Consumption and Production" that China is introducing relevant management measures for enterprise e-waste. This matter aroused the strong interest of Guo Jia, the representative of Matsushita Electric (China) Co., Ltd., and consulted the relevant materials and timetable of this law many times. Guo Jia introduced that Panasonic has a very mature electronic waste recycling technology in Japan. Once the relevant laws of China are promulgated, Panasonic will operate in strict accordance with this law. Since the beginning of this year, Panasonic has been paying close attention to the laws and regulations related to e-waste that may be promulgated in China and the time of promulgation. The sensitivity of enterprises to this reflects the extraordinary significance of this policy to enterprises.

Zhou Zhongfan said that the core of e-waste management measures is to emphasize the producer responsibility system. In order to control the use of toxic substances from the source, producers must bear the responsibility of waste disposal. Of course, consumers should also bear part of the responsibility, but the specific proportion depends on the situation.

Marcelo Furtado, representative of Greenpeace International, said that enterprises should minimize the generation of toxic substances in e-waste and producers should pay more attention to this issue. We should all actively deal with electronic waste in China. Developed countries have strict requirements on the disposal methods of electronic waste, and the electronic industry implements the producer responsibility system.

According to the information provided by Greenpeace, as many as 400 million tons of hazardous waste are produced every year in the world. The cost of treating 1 ton of e-waste in the United States is $400, while it only costs $40 to transport it to developing countries for treatment. For the recycling of electronic waste, Europe, Japan and other countries have very mature technologies. Electronic products contain extremely valuable heavy metals, such as gold, rhodium, palladium and copper, as well as reusable plastics. However, the recycling of electronic products requires high technology. At present, the recycling work in China is mostly carried out by individual enterprises in villages and towns, which wastes a lot of resources and causes serious pollution. Therefore, the practical application space of recycling is very large both technically and practically. According to experts, China should strive to solve the recycling technology of cathode ray tubes in electronic products, metal recycling technology of printed circuit boards and gas components, recycling and treatment technology of cadmium, lead and mercury, and harmless recycling and treatment technology of plastics. These technologies have a high level abroad and can be used for reference.