Abstract: The service robot is a young member of the robot family, which can be divided into professional service robots and personal/family service robots. The service robot has a wide range of applications, mainly engaged in maintenance, repair, transportation, cleaning, security, rescue and monitoring. The use of service robots can greatly reduce people's labor burden and achieve greater liberation and safety maintenance. For example, through the application of fire fighting robots, casualties of fire fighters can be effectively avoided. Let's take a look at the relevant knowledge of service robots. I. classification of service robots

1. nurse assistant robot

the nurse assistant robot is the first service robot product of TRC company founded by engelberg. It was developed in 1985 and sold in 1991, and has been put into use in dozens of hospitals around the world.

"Nurse Assistant" is an autonomous robot. It doesn't need wired guidance or pre-planning. Once programmed, it can complete the following tasks at any time: delivering medical equipment and equipment, delivering meals to patients, delivering medical records, statements and letters, delivering medicines, delivering test samples and test results, and delivering mail and parcels in hospitals.

The robot consists of a walking part, a driving controller and a large number of sensors. The robot can move freely in the hospital, and its speed is about 1.7 m/s. The robot is equipped with the building map of the hospital. After the destination is determined, the robot can navigate along the corridor autonomously by using the route push algorithm. The static or moving objects can be detected by the structured light vision sensor and the omni-directional ultrasonic sensor, and the route can be corrected. Its omni-directional tactile sensor ensures that the robot will not collide with people and things. The encoder on the wheel measures the distance it has traveled. In the corridor, the robot uses the corner to determine its position, while in a large space such as a ward, it can use the reflective belt on the ceiling to help locate through the upward-looking sensor. It can also open the door when necessary. In a multi-storey building, it can call the manned elevator and enter the elevator to the desired floor. In an emergency, for example, when a surgeon and his patient use the elevator, the robot can stop and make way, and it will restart and move on after 2 minutes. Multiple destinations can be selected through the menu on "Nurse Assistant". The robot has a large screen and a user-friendly audio device, which makes it quick and convenient for users to use.

2. Robot-aided system for brain surgery

The robot-aided system for brain surgery was jointly developed by Beihang University, Tsinghua University and the General Naval Hospital. In May, 1997, the robot was used to perform the first craniotomy for patients, and by October, 2111, it had been performed for more than 141 patients.

This system can make the patient throw away the big frame, help the patient locate, and provide a platform for the doctor to operate. Through the computer screen next to the operating table, the doctor can determine the focus point for the operation. The operation that takes at least half a day without using the system can be completed in 31 minutes after using the system.

3. Prosthetic robot

This is an applied experimental system that is aided by computer and robot to design and manufacture artificial dentition of complete denture. The system uses image and graphics technology to obtain the computer model of oral soft and hard tissues of edentulous patients, uses a self-developed non-contact three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system to obtain the geometric parameters of edentulous jaws, and uses expert system software to complete the computer-aided statistics of artificial dentition of complete denture. In addition, an adjustable tooth arrangement device, which is the transition device between a single plastic artificial tooth and the final artificial dentition, was invented and manufactured.

Based on the robot, arbitrary position and posture control of tooth arrangement can be realized. The use of prosthodontics robots is equivalent to rapidly cultivating and bringing up a group of senior prosthodontics medical experts and technicians. Using robots instead of manual tooth arrangement can not only operate digitally more accurately than stomatologists, but also avoid the mistakes caused by fatigue, emotion and negligence. This will enable the design and manufacture of complete denture to meet the individual physiological function and aesthetic needs of edentulous patients, and reach the level of standardization, standardization, automation and industrialization, thus greatly improving its manufacturing efficiency and quality.

4. Entering the blood vessel robot

Entering the blood vessel robot swims freely in the river of blood like a submarine. Once they encounter cholesterol and fat deposited or floating in blood vessels, they pounce on them mercilessly and quickly tear them up and chew them up. When they met the vicious virus, they stood up without fear.

On May 27th, 1988, two Chinese students from the University of California, USA, developed a micromotor with only 76 microns (3‰ inches).

in October, 1991, under the most advanced electron tunneling scanning microscope at that time, the researchers of Japan Electronics Company arranged silicon atoms into a pyramid-shaped "concave pyramid" with an "ultra-fine needle tip", which was only as high as 36 atoms. This was the first time that human beings arranged atoms by hand, which caused a sensation in the world of atomic physics.

In July, 1996, Harvard University in the United States successfully developed a turbine with a diameter of only 7 microns. Thousands of these turbines can be placed on a stamp. Its shape and structure can only be seen clearly under the ultra-high power microscope. China has also developed a 1 mm motor.

5. Intelligent wheelchair robot

With the development of society and the improvement of human civilization, people, especially the disabled, need more and more modern high-tech to improve their quality of life and freedom of life. Because of various traffic accidents, natural and man-made disasters and various diseases, thousands of people lose one or more abilities (such as walking and hands-on ability) every year. Therefore, the research on robot wheelchair used to help disabled people walk has gradually become a hot spot. For example, in Spanish and Italian countries, the Institute of Automation of China Academy of Sciences has also successfully developed a robot wheelchair with visual and password navigation functions and voice interaction with people.

The robot wheelchair mainly has the functions of password recognition and speech synthesis, robot self-positioning, dynamic random obstacle avoidance, multi-sensor information fusion, real-time adaptive navigation control and so on.

The key technology of robot wheelchair is safe navigation. The basic methods are ranging by ultrasonic and infrared, and some of them are controlled by password. The main deficiency of ultrasonic and infrared navigation lies in the limited controllable range, and visual navigation can overcome this deficiency. In the robot wheelchair, the wheelchair user should be the center and active part of the whole system. For users, the robot wheelchair should have the function of interacting with people. This interactive function can be intuitively realized through man-machine voice dialogue. Although some existing mobile wheelchairs can be controlled by simple passwords, there are few mobile robots and wheelchairs with real interactive functions.

6. Cable-climbing robot

Cable-climbing robot was developed by the Robotics Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University in cooperation with Shanghai Huangpu River Bridge Engineering Construction Office in 197.

The robot system consists of two parts, one is the robot body and the other is the robot car. The robot body can climb along cables with various inclinations, and automatically complete inspection, polishing, cleaning, static removal, bottom coating and top coating and a series of maintenance work on high-altitude cables. The robot body is equipped with a CCD camera, which can monitor the working situation at any time. The other part of the ground car is used to install the robot body and supply water and paint to the robot body, and at the same time monitor the high-altitude work of the robot.

7. Outdoor cleaning robot

The glass ceiling (about 3,111 square meters) cleaning robot was developed by the Robotics Research Institute of Beihang University in cooperation with the Research Institute of Beijing Railway Bureau of the Ministry of Railways for Beijing West Railway Station.

The robot consists of a robot body and a ground support robot car. The robot body is the main body that crawls along the glass wall and completes the scrubbing action, weighing 25 kilograms. It can walk and scrub flexibly according to the actual environment and has high reliability. The ground support trolley belongs to supporting equipment. When the robot is working, it is responsible for power supply, gas supply, water supply and sewage recovery for the robot. It is connected with the robot through pipelines.

At present, Harbin Institute of Technology and Shanghai University are engaged in the research of building cleaning robots in China, and they all have their own products.

Building cleaning robot is developed on the basis of wall-climbing robot, which is only one of the uses of wall-climbing robot. The wall-climbing robot has two adsorption modes: negative pressure adsorption and magnetic adsorption, and the building window cleaning robot adopts negative pressure adsorption. Magnetic adsorption wall-climbing robot has also come out in China and has been applied in Daqing Oilfield.

8. Fire-fighting robot

Facing the ruthless fire, the Shanghai Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Shanghai Fire Bureau have made plans to develop fire-fighting robots. After three years of research, the first fire-fighting robot in China has been born. Fire-fighting robots can walk, climb hills, cross obstacles, spray fire, and conduct fire reconnaissance.

not only in China, but also in the world, fire fighting is a big problem, and governments all over the world try their best to minimize the fire losses.

in October, 1984, a fire broke out in a cable tunnel in Tokyo, Japan, and firefighters had to put out the fire in the tunnel under the dangerous environment of thick smoke and high temperature. After the fire, the Tokyo Fire Department began to study fire-fighting robots that can work under harsh conditions. At present, five kinds of fire-fighting robots have been put into use.

9. Remote control fire fighting robot

This robot was first used in p>1986. This robot can be used when it is difficult for firefighters to get close to the fire site to put out the fire, or when there is a danger of explosion. This kind of robot is equipped with crawler, the maximum running speed can reach 11 km/h, and it can spray 5 tons of water or 3 tons of foam every minute.

11. Jet fire-fighting robot

This robot was successfully developed in 1989. It belongs to a kind of remote-controlled fire-fighting robot, and is used to put out fires in narrow passages and underground areas. The robot is 45cm high, 74cm wide and 121cm long. It is driven by a jet engine or a common engine. When the robot arrives at the fire site, in order to put out the flame, the nozzle turns the water flow into high-pressure water mist and sprays it to the flame.

11. Fire-fighting reconnaissance robot

The fire-fighting reconnaissance robot was born in 1991. It is used to collect all kinds of information around the fire scene and support firefighters in the case of thick smoke or toxic gas. The robot has four tracks, an operating arm and nine kinds of data acquisition devices, including camera, thermal distribution indicator and gas concentration measuring instrument.

12. Climbing rescue robot

The climbing rescue robot was first used in 1993. When a fire suddenly breaks out on the upper floor of a high-rise building, the robot can climb the outer wall of the building to investigate the fire and carry out rescue and fire fighting work. The robot can lift itself up with a winch along the wire rope lowered from the top of the building, and then it can move freely on the building by using negative pressure suction cups. This robot can climb a 71-meter-high building.

13, rescue robot

The rescue robot was first put into use in 1994. This robot can transfer the injured to a safe place. The robot is 4 meters long, 1.74 meters wide, 1.89 meters high and weighs 3861 kilograms. It is equipped with rubber tracks with a maximum speed of 4 km/h. It not only has information collection devices, such as TV cameras, flammable gas detectors, ultrasonic detectors, etc. There are also two manipulators with a maximum grip of 91kg. The manipulator can lift the injured to the rescue platform, where fresh air can be provided for them.

in October, 2111, a fire broke out in the tunnel of the cable car on the snowy mountain in Austria, killing more than 161 people. Because of the darkness, coldness and dense smoke in the tunnel, it is very difficult to put out the fire and clean up the site. This once again shows the importance of special fire fighting equipment.

second, the service robot market analysis

1, the market is on the eve of the outbreak

the service robot market is growing rapidly. According to the forecast of Analysys think tank, the market size of service robots in China will be about 8.2 billion yuan in 2115, and will grow to about 14 billion yuan in 2116, and will exceed 21 billion yuan in 2117.

the market scale of service robots can exceed that of industrial robots. We believe that the service robot market will usher in a long-term growth, and the market scale will surpass that of industrial robots in the future. The reasons are as follows:

(1) Breakthroughs in technologies such as Internet of Things, big data and human-computer interaction have provided conditions for the outbreak of the service robot market.

(2) The consumption concept of post-81s and post-91s people has changed, and they have not invested enough time in housework. With the increase of income year by year, the demand of young people for service robots has increased.

(3) The continuous progress of artificial intelligence technology will enhance the interactive ability of service robots, and technological progress may bring more replacement needs.

2. Four major industry trends

Trend 1: The relationship between artificial intelligence and service robots is getting closer and closer

Compared with industrial robots, service robots pay more attention to human-computer interaction experience, and the interaction between users and robots is frequent, and the feedback speed of robots is also high, which requires extremely high artificial intelligence technologies including deep learning, natural language processing, visual perception and cloud computing. We believe that in the long run, artificial intelligence is the core of service robots, and the boundaries of the service robot market must be broken by artificial intelligence technology.

Trend 2: Home service and other fields broke out first

(1) In home service, service robots can not only provide cleaning services such as sweeping the floor, but also serve as an important interface for smart homes, and push services for users after data analysis.

(2) In medical applications, medical robots can achieve minimally invasive surgery, rehabilitation and other functions.

(3) In addition, service robots are also used in education, logistics, finance and other fields. For example, the "Little E" of Bank of Communications jointly launched by Small I Robot and Bank of Communications is a robot that can accept banking business.

Relatively speaking, home service and medical care do not require high intelligence for service robots, and the current level of artificial intelligence is already competent for these tasks, while human-computer interaction in education, finance and other fields is very frequent and informative.

Trend 3: Service robots are expected to become an important data portal

At present, the application scenarios of service robots are relatively simple, and they are only industrialized in the fields of household cleaning, but in the long run, service robots are expected to replace mobile phones as the next generation of intelligent terminals, and their application scenarios will be more diversified than mobile phones. Therefore, in the short and medium term, home service robots may become the entrance of smart homes, while in the long term, with the diversification of application scenarios, service robots are expected to become the next important data entrance after mobile phones.

Trend 4: In the long run, enterprises with rich industry experience and excellent technology will stand out

At present, a large number of enterprises have poured into the service robot industry. Generally speaking, the outstanding enterprises in the current service robot market include:

(1) Internet giants, such as Google, Microsoft, IBM, Baidu, etc. These enterprises have strong technical backgrounds, and most of them directly cut into the artificial intelligence level;

(2) focus on specific response.