Answer:
For temporary estimation, it needs to be based on real economic business, not just random estimation.
I. Estimation of inventory categories
After receiving the purchased goods, the warehouse of the enterprise has been checked and accepted according to the enterprise regulations, and the warehousing procedures have been handled. Accounting personnel will estimate the receipt documents and other vouchers submitted by warehouse managers.
1, storage
Borrow: inventory
Credit: accounts payable
2, production recipients
Borrow: production cost
Credit: Inventory
3. Foreign sales of commercial enterprises
Borrow: bank deposits, etc.
Loan: income from main business
Taxes payable-VAT payable (input tax)
At the same time, carry-over cost:
Debit: main business cost
Credit: Inventory
4. Catering industry
Buy fresh ingredients and take them directly from the kitchen.
Debit: main business cost
Loan: main business cost
(Cost after month-end inventory)
Description:
(1) As can be seen from the above entries, neither manufacturing nor commercial enterprises can be directly included in the "main business cost" for inventory estimation;
(2) The catering industry and other service industries can be included in the "main business cost" if they directly use the purchased inventory without putting it into storage.
Second, service level estimation.
For the service purchased by the enterprise, if the service has been consumed and signed a contract, but there is no payment, it can be estimated. For example, enterprises have to pay property management fees, rental fees and so on.
As to which subjects the borrower includes, it depends on the purpose of the service. Directly used for income-related, can be included in the "main business cost" or "sales expenses".
To sum up, "provisional estimate" is not a "random estimate", but must be based on real economic business.
Question 2: How can I keep the holiday fee without an invoice?
Answer:
Use payment slip and bank transfer record to make accounts directly. If the payment is made in cash, a payment slip or receipt voucher signed by the employee is required.
Because the holiday fee is paid directly to employees, it belongs to the category of employee compensation, and there is no need to invoice, because it does not belong to the taxable scope of value-added tax.
Question 3: How to understand the tax basis of accounts receivable?
Answer:
Say the theory is too abstract, just say a case.
Case-1 Accounts receivable have been formed from external sales of enterprises 1 10,000 yuan. If the customer goes out of business and the bad debt losses, this 1 10,000 yuan cannot be recovered, then in theory, 1 10,000 yuan can be deducted before tax. This 6,543,800 yuan is the tax basis for accounts receivable.
Case -2 An asset management company purchased a non-recourse account receivable from Company A.. The book value of accounts receivable is 20 million yuan, and the actual purchase cost is160 thousand yuan. If the asset management company recovers or continues to transfer accounts receivable190,000 yuan in the later period, the pre-tax deductible cost (tax basis) is160,000 yuan instead of 20 million yuan; Similarly, if bad debt losses occur, the theoretical maximum cost that can be deducted before tax (tax basis) can only be 6,543,806 yuan, not 20 million yuan.
Therefore, the tax basis of accounts receivable is actually the cost incurred by the enterprise and the cost confirmed by tax.
Some people may say, what you said is wrong. Obviously, the cost of forming 1 10,000 yuan in our enterprise is only 800,000 yuan!
Although your cost is 800,000 yuan, in the process of forming accounts receivable of 6,543,800 yuan, the taxable income was confirmed, and the tax bureau will confirm it after you pay taxes. In the same example, for example, the fixed assets of an enterprise with a surplus may not have legal pre-tax deduction vouchers such as invoices, but after the surplus, the enterprise income tax is paid, and then depreciation can be deducted before tax.
Question 4: 65438+forgot to mention the urban construction tax in February. Should the borrowed profits be distributed in 1 month-undistributed profits, or should they be paid directly by borrowing tax and additional loans?
The amount is not more than ten yuan, and the supervisor asked me to borrow taxes directly, saying that it saved the trouble of calculation. Is it okay?
Answer:
This is also one of the reasons why accounting should have some practical experience.
The director is right.
Although I don't know whether you are implementing the accounting standards for small enterprises or commercial enterprises, the amount of accounting errors is only tens of dollars, so there is really no need to make retrospective adjustments in actual operation.
The implementation of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises only needs retrospective adjustment when the amount of accounting errors is significant, not all accounting errors need retrospective adjustment. Therefore, accounting errors with a small amount need not be adjusted through the subject of "previous year's profit and loss adjustment" and can be directly included in the current profit and loss.
If the accounting standards for small enterprises are implemented, according to the standards, all accounting errors do not need retrospective adjustment, and the future applicable law is applied and directly included in the current profit and loss. Among the accounting subjects that implement the accounting standards for small enterprises, there is no accounting subject of "profit and loss adjustment in previous years".
For the accounting errors described in the question, according to the provisions of the tax law, strictly speaking, retrospective deduction is also needed.
But in practice, as the supervisor said, because the amount is too small, the tax bureau simply doesn't care about it. If you want to adjust, people will feel too much trouble.
Question 5: The molecular company is short of funds. How to fill in the cash flow statement when funds are transferred from the parent company or head office to the account of the molecular company?
Answer:
I. Report of branches
1, funds received
When a branch prepares a cash flow statement, it shows "cash received from loans" under "III". Cash flow generated by financing activities ".
2. Return funds or pay interest.
When preparing the cash flow statement, the branch company should fill in the "debt repayment expenditure" under "three". Cash flow generated by financing activities ".
If interest is paid, it shall be listed in "Dividends, profits or cash paid for interest" under "III". Cash flow generated by financing activities ".
Two, the head office or parent company's single financial report
1. Loan funds
Fill in "cash paid by investment" under "II". Cash flow generated by investment activities ".
2. Return of funds or interest received.
After receiving the returned funds, fill in the "investment cash received" under "II". Cash flow from investment activities ".
If interest is received, fill it in the "cash received from investment income" under "II". Cash flow generated by investment activities ".
Three. consolidated statements
Due to the internal transactions within the scope of the consolidated statement, the cash flows of the above-mentioned fund recipients need to be completely written off and do not need to be reflected in the consolidated statement.
Question 6: The head office transferred the fixed assets to the branch office free of charge and handled the handover procedures. How did the branch enter the account and enter the capital reserve? On what basis do you confirm the input amount?
Answer:
Branches that are not independent legal persons and independently conduct accounting should also have no owners' equity subjects such as "paid-in capital (or share capital)" and "capital reserve".
The ownership of the assets allocated by the head office to the branches has not changed. Even in terms of enterprise income tax, the tax law clearly stipulates that "deemed sales" is not needed (VAT may need to be regarded as sales in different counties and cities).
Therefore, the fixed assets allocated by the head office to the branch company for free can not be included in the "capital reserve", but only in the "internal transactions".
As for the amount recorded, it can be recorded according to the book value of the head office.
Question 7: Is it reasonable for the company to issue the year-end performance award in cash and ask employees to deduct the VAT invoice in equal amount?
Answer:
Simply put: do good deeds!
Strictly speaking, according to the tax law, it is illegal.
In order to make employees pay less taxes, the company took great risks, and as a result, employees could not understand it!
Therefore, as business owners and corporate financial personnel, don't think that you are doing good things for everyone, no one will understand, and you should also be wary of being sued one day.
Enterprises or financial personnel, in strict accordance with the provisions of the tax law, withhold tax or a penny a lot of deduction, everyone has no opinion, but also said that you are standardized.
Question 8: Do individual shareholders need to pay a tax when transferring undistributed profits to paid-in capital?
Answer:
According to the Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China City, People's Republic of China (PRC) on Further Strengthening the Administration of Personal Income Tax Collection for High Income earners (Guo Shui Fa [2065438+00] No.54), "Strengthen the management of increasing registered capital and share capital of enterprises. If the registered capital and share capital are increased by undistributed profits, surplus reserves and other capital reserves except stock premium issuance, individuals shall be taxed according to the items of "interest, dividends and bonus income" and the current policies and regulations.
Therefore, if undistributed profits are converted into paid-in capital, individual shareholders should pay a tax according to "interest, dividend and dividend income".
Question 9: Can the interest actually paid be deducted from the entrusted loan contract before tax?
Answer:
According to Article 7 of the General Rules for Loans of the People's Bank of China, entrusted loans refer to loans provided by clients such as government departments, enterprises, institutions and individuals, which are issued, supervised and recovered by the lender (i.e. the trustee) according to the loan object, purpose, term and interest rate determined by the client. The lender (trustee) only charges the handling fee and does not bear the loan risk.
That is to say, in the entrusted loan, it is not the funds of financial institutions, but the funds of non-financial institutions (customers), so the expenditure of loan interest can only be deducted before tax according to the loan interest of non-financial institutions.
1. Article 38 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law stipulates that the following interest expenses incurred by an enterprise in its production and business activities are allowed to be deducted: (1) interest expenses incurred by non-financial enterprises in borrowing from financial enterprises, interest expenses incurred by financial enterprises in various deposits and interbank lending, and interest expenses incurred by enterprises in issuing bonds upon approval; (two) the interest expenses of non-financial enterprises borrowing from non-financial enterprises shall not exceed the amount calculated according to the interest rate of similar loans of financial enterprises in the same period.
2. Article 46 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law stipulates that the interest expenses incurred when the proportion of debt investment and equity investment accepted by an enterprise from its related parties exceeds the prescribed standard shall not be deducted when calculating the taxable income.
Although financial institutions are used as clients, it cannot be completely ruled out that there is no relationship between clients and fund users.
3. Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China, Ministry of Finance on Tax Policy Issues Concerning Pre-tax Deduction Standard for Interest Expenses of Related Parties of Enterprises (Caishui [2008] 12 1No.);
(1) When calculating the taxable income, if the interest expenses actually paid by the enterprise to related parties do not exceed the following proportion and the relevant provisions of the tax law and its implementing regulations, they will be deducted, and the excess will not be deducted in the current year and the following years.
The interest expenses actually paid by the enterprise to the related parties comply with the provisions of Article 2 of this Notice, and the ratio of creditor's rights investment to equity investment of related parties is:
① Financial enterprises, 5:1;
② Other enterprises, 2:1;
(2) whether the enterprise can provide relevant information in accordance with the relevant provisions of the tax law and its implementing regulations to prove that the relevant trading activities conform to the principle of independent trading; Or if the actual tax burden of the enterprise is not higher than that of the domestic related party, the interest expenses actually paid to the domestic related party shall be deducted when calculating the taxable income.
4. The Official Reply of State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China, People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Deduction of Interest Expenses before Enterprise Income Tax for Enterprise Investors' Inappropriate Investment (Guo [2009] No.312) stipulates that according to Article 27 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the enterprise investors fail to pay the interest incurred by enterprises borrowing from abroad in full according to the prescribed time limit. The interest equivalent to the difference between the paid-in capital of the investor and the capital payable within the specified period is not a reasonable expenditure of the enterprise, and should be borne by the enterprise investor, and shall not be deducted when calculating the taxable income of the enterprise.
Note: The provisions of this article have nothing to do with where to borrow, including borrowing from financial institutions. The interest on the part with insufficient paid-in capital cannot be deducted from the interest on borrowing from financial institutions.
5. Article 1 of the Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China, People's Republic of China (PRC) on Several Issues Concerning Enterprise Income Tax (Announcement No.34+01of State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China, People's Republic of China (PRC)) stipulates:
According to the provisions of Article 38 of the Implementation Regulations, pre-tax deduction is allowed for the interest expenses borrowed by non-financial enterprises from non-financial enterprises that do not exceed the amount calculated according to the interest rate of similar loans of financial enterprises in the same period. In view of China's current interest rate requirements for financial enterprises, enterprises should provide "a description of the interest rate of similar loans of financial enterprises in the same period" when paying interest for the first time and deducting it before tax according to the contract requirements, so as to prove the rationality of their interest expenses.
"Description of similar loan interest rates of financial enterprises in the same period" shall include the similar loan interest rates provided by any financial enterprise in this province at the time of signing the loan contract. Financial enterprises should be enterprises engaged in loan business with the approval of relevant government departments, including banks, finance companies, trust companies and other financial institutions. "Interest rate of similar loans in the same period" refers to the loan interest rate provided by financial enterprises under the condition that the loan term, loan amount, loan guarantee and corporate reputation are basically the same. It can be the average interest rate of the same kind announced by financial enterprises in the same period, or the actual loan interest rate provided by financial enterprises to some enterprises.
Entrusted loans, although through the intermediary of financial institutions, are still not loans from financial institutions, and it is still necessary to provide a "description of interest rates of similar loans of financial enterprises in the same period" to prove the rationality of their interest expenses.