Mengmeng Bashu Rain, Journey to Emei Mountain, Hometown of Sansu, Three Masters of Meishan
Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe are famous writers in the Song Dynasty, known as "Sansu" in history. They have made great achievements in prose, poetry and other creative fields, and they accounted for three seats in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".
"a father and son with three words"
Old Su Su Xun (1119—1166) was born in meishan county, Sichuan (now Leshan). He didn't study until he was twenty-seven years old. After studying hard behind closed doors for more than ten years, his literary talent improved greatly. In the first year of Jiayou (1156), he led Su Shi and Su Zhe to Bianjing, which was appreciated by Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin, and their articles soon became famous in the capital. Su Xun's political essays, such as Teaching, Balance Theory and Several Strategies, judge the situation and put forward a set of ideas for political innovation, with clear arguments, strong arguments and sharp language. Ouyang Xiu said that he was "eloquent and magnificent", which was comparable to Jia Yi and Liu Xiang.
Sushi Dasu (1137-1111) was one of the most famous writers and artists in the Song Dynasty, with more literary talent and excellent poetry, ci, writing, painting and calligraphy. Because of his unique genius and extensive contact with the real society, his literary and artistic achievements are extremely high and he has great artistic originality. There are more than 2,711 poems of his, which have a wide range of themes and are full of life flavor, especially the poems about scenery and reason. The famous poems such as "Duck Prophet of Spring River Warming" ("The Night Scene of Spring River in Hui Chong") and "Trying to Compare the West Lake to the West Lake" are particularly popular. His words are vigorous and vigorous, and a song "river of no return" ("Red Cliff Nostalgia") has become an eternal swan song. Before and after his prose, Red Cliff Fu, Xi Yu Ting Ji, Transcendental Taiwan Ji, etc. are smart and elegant, poetic and artistic, harmonious and unified with lofty principles and interests, and have a high artistic appeal. His painting and calligraphy have also reached a high level, and he is good at painting bamboo and stone. His calligraphy is full of bones and strength, such as cotton and iron, and he is good at running script and regular script. He is also known as "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.
Xiao Su Su Zhe (1139—1112) went to Beijing with Su Shi and was a scholar. He was an official in Daming Prefecture and an official in Henan Province. In 1179, due to Su Shi's literary inquisition, he wrote a letter asking him to take his official position as his brother to be excused, not allowed, and even more degraded. In 1185, when the old Party came to power, he was recalled to the posts of secretary, provincial school bookkeeper, right-hand secretary, Chinese calligrapher, and official minister. He once went to Khitan, and after returning to China, he served as an imperial adviser and an official minister, and took charge of state affairs. In 1193, Zhezong was in charge of politics, and the new law faction gained power. He was exiled to Ruzhou, Yuanzhou and Huazhou until Leizhou and Xunzhou. In 1114, he lived in seclusion in Yingzhou, built a room called "Yilao Zhai", and named himself "Yingbin Yilao", so that he died in meditation by reading and writing. He admired Mencius, visited hundreds of schools, and was good at political theory and historical theory. His New Theory and Book of the Emperor pointed out that "we should not be in a hurry to lose money", and his Theory of Six Kingdoms and Theory of Three Kingdoms were also indifferent to Wang Yang. His fu is also excellent. Poetics Su Shi, the two sang a lot. The ruins of Sansu are revered and protected by the villagers. "Sansu Temple" is their former residence.
"It's still a * * * famous mountain"
"It's hard to find official traces, only relying on three outstanding men. There is no past, and there is no present, and I know articles, so I can travel the earth like a river; The heavenly heart belongs to him, and he can't raise it clearly or sink it. Father and son are still famous mountains. " This is a pair of couplets in the main hall of Sansu Temple. Sansu Temple is located in the southwest corner of Meishan County. During the reign of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, it was changed into a shrine for the statue of Sansu, and its hometown stone workshop was established, which was later destroyed by the fire. It was rebuilt in the fourth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1665) and changed to Sansu Park in 1928. Over the past 51 years, it has been repaired many times, covering an area of more than 51,111 square meters. Today, the main buildings are the Great Hall, Qixian Pavilion, Ruilian Pavilion, Yunyu Building, Baoyue Pavilion and Monument Pavilion.
there is a couplet at the main entrance: "a father and son three-word guest; Eight people in the ages. " The garden is surrounded by red walls, towering ancient trees and bamboo. At this point, visitors can not only appreciate the scenery of the southern atmosphere, but also hear many beautiful stories about the three Soviet Union and the scenery in the garden.
The picture of the father and son of Sansu
According to legend, "Ruilian Pavilion" was named by Su Xun in that year. One day, when Su Xun was studying in Laifeng Xuan, he suddenly saw the pool outside the window blooming with rouge and Dilian, thinking it was a good omen, so he took his second son to Beijing to take the exam. As a result, Su Shi and Su Zhe were both successful. Ouyang Xiu especially praised Su Shi: "This man is good at reading and using books, and his articles will be unique in the world in the future." Su Xun was overjoyed and named the pool "Ruilian Pool". Every time future generations see the lotus flowers in the pool, they think that Meizhou will be expensive, which is a harbinger, so they build a pavilion next to the pool, named "Ruilian Pavilion".
Su Shi studied hard when he was young, and the water in the pool turned black because of his frequent washing of pens and inkstones. Yu Ri in the pool turned dark for a long time, and people called him "Dongpo Fish".
Not far from Ruilian Pavilion, there is a boat pavilion in the middle of the lake, which is called "Baipo Pavilion". At that time, the Su Shi brothers had deep feelings. In the sixth year of Yuanyou (1191), Su Shi was appointed as the satrap of Yingzhou, and went boating with friends for one night. He recalled the scene of enjoying the moon and splashing with his brother when he was a child, and the ripples in the water were repeated, casually chanting "Suddenly scales were born, and I had to be with my eyebrows; Scattered into a hundred Dongpo, and instantly returned to it. According to its poetry, later generations built pavilions here to commemorate it.
There are dozens of ancient monuments in the tablet pavilion in the shrine, among which the inscriptions or rubbings of Ma Quan Monument, Nanmu Monument and Liuzhou Monument written by Su Shi, Fengle Pavilion, Zuiweng Pavilion, Biao Zhong Guan Monument and Luochi Temple Monument, which are known as the "four famous monuments", are all precious calligraphy treasures. The ancients praised Su Dongpo's elegance and detachment with "thousands of books in his chest and no dust in his pen". When Su Shi lived in exile in Hainan Island, he used to borrow peasant hats and clogs because he was out in the rain, and he drifted away, and people laughed and barked, and they didn't care. This anecdote is painted in the Dongpo Liyi Map in Sansu Temple.
In history, the three Su sons were descendants of Su Weidao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Su Weidao was once the prime minister of Wu Zetian, and was demoted as the secretariat of Meizhou in Tang Zhongzong, and later generations settled here. Su Shi has a deep affection for his hometown. When he lived in the south of the Yangtze River in his later years, he wrote "Planting Lizi to Return" and complained about his homesickness: "When my old friend sent me to the East, he planted Lizi in his hand and waited for me to return; Lizi has turned pale, and she is still a guest in Jiangnan. "
You got the Tian Yan Zhao Wenji
The cultural management office of Sansu Temple treasures the Duan Yan used by Su Dongpo in his later years. It is 19 cm long, 13 cm wide, 4.5 cm thick and weighs 2.5 kg. The stone is fine, the color is gray and brown, the decorative pattern is simple, and the inscription of Qiongzhou Jiang Junbi is engraved on the back.
Su Dongpo was demoted in his later years and exiled to Danzhou (now Danxian) in Hainan Island. Many people came here to study. During his three years in Hainan, he used this inkstone to write many excellent poems and cultivated many talents, among which Jiang Junbi of Qiongzhou was the most valued. Dongpo specially presented this inkstone to Junbi when he was on his way back to Qiongzhou (now Haikou), and wrote a poem entitled "When the sea broke, the white robe closed for the first time", encouraging Junbi to say, "If you want to be a student in another day, you should write this article." Unexpectedly, in the autumn and July of the following year, Dongpo went to Changzhou and died suddenly. In order to remember Mr. Jun Bi's teachings, he carved "Yuan Fu for three years, Dongpo moved Lianzhou to Qionglai, and Duanxi inkstone gave me the rest as a farewell. I have more than I can get, and I love it; As time goes by, it is impossible to follow Mr. Myanmar's remarks. Because of ambition, to show that you will not forget. " Jiang Junbi lived up to Dongpo's expectations and became a "rural tribute" the following year. When he took the exam in Beijing, Su Zhe continued to write the unfinished poem for him, saying, "When thousands of people look at the brocade, they will believe that Dongpo has long eyes."
Dongpo loved inkstone all his life. When he was young, he dug the ground with the group of children for a play. He once won a colored stone and polished it into inkstone. Father Su Xun was amazed and told him that "this inkstone is also a sign of good luck, so you should make good use of it". Dongpo treasured this inkstone, and once wrote "Tian Shi Yan Ming Postscript" about it. Dongpo also made good use of inkstone and Tibetan inkstone, but it is extremely rare to spread it to this day. The inkstone hidden in the cultural management office was a family heirloom of a landlord in Zizhong County, and the ancestral motto was "I would rather destroy the countryside than give up the precious inkstone". Later, he was involved in a lawsuit for another landlord for many years. During the land reform, this inkstone was distributed as movable property and donated by the people in recent years.
"The boatman points out the frog's view"
"The east wall of Meizhou is full of air, and the boatman points out the frog's view." (Qing Hong Chengding's "Night Rain Stay in View") The frog view is at the top of the frog mountain, 4 kilometers east of Meishan. The mountain is 1111 meters high, close to the cliff, overlooking the Minjiang River, and it is said to be an alchemist of Xuanyuan Emperor. This view was founded in the Tang Dynasty, and its name is more important than that of the Song Dynasty. Although it is not large in scale, it has a high position in the history of Taoism.
According to legend, during the Liu and Song Dynasties, Lu Xiujing, a Taoist priest in Lushan Mountain, compiled three-hole scriptures in the "Xianweng Cave" in this view, and finally completed the Taoist form. Therefore, Ranyi View is known as the "Taoist Holy Land in Sichuan". Xianweng Cave is located under the cliff on the right front of Sanqing Hall. "Old Records" contains: "There is a dragon cave in Linjiang, and the water flows out continuously over the years; When every mountain rises, it looks like smoke from afar, and the rain stands; Pray for drought. " There is an "old man spring" in the cave. According to legend, Lu Xiujing lived here and often drank this spring to become immortal. Later generations built a shrine on the cave to offer sacrifices. Because of their heavy eyes, they were called "four-eyed old people", so the shrine offered statues of four-eyed old people.
Frog Yi's fame is more important than that of Song Dynasty, which has a lot to do with Meishan Sansu, especially Su Xun. Su Xun once wrote an inscription for the old man's spring, saying that it is full of water, and "if you think of a well, you can drink ten thousand people". The old man's spring inscription is handed down from the world. Zhang Yuanxiao, a Taoist priest in Meishan in the Tang Dynasty, once worshipped Lu Xiujing as a teacher, trained in Xianweng Cave, and was good at "playing bullets" to cure diseases for the people. People call for immortals, and Zhang Xianlou is built on the side of the old man's spring. The incense is constantly burning, and it is said that it is "responsive". When Su Xun was childless, he once worshipped Zhang Xian for a son. In the following years, he got Su Shi and Su Zhe one after another. In order to feel its virtue, Su Xun wrote Zhang Xian's Monument: "When I was young and bold, I tasted it in Geng Wu, and the jade bureau did not hinder me from seeing the portrait in the sub-office. The brushwork was strange and cloud-like,' It's Zhang Xian, and I answered my prayers.' It is easy to solve Yuhuan. Xun has no heirs, and every Dan is fragrant. After several years' arrest, you will get a poem, and once again, you will get a trick. "After the death of Su Xun, Su Shi's brother will be buried in the old man's spring. The two men obeyed their father's orders, and Su Shi personally inscribed the "Old Man Spring" on the top of the spring. Mei Yaochen, a famous poet, also wrote a poem: "There are old people on the spring, so it is impossible to see them hidden;" Perilla lived in the meantime, and drinking water was not over. If there is fish in the spring, walk with the son; I don't know how old I am, and there are young phoenixes at home. " In the Tang Dynasty, the "* * * Drinking Pavilion" was built on the Jiangxin Peninsula under the cliff. In the Song Dynasty, it was expanded into the Jiangxiang Pavilion. Later, Wangjianglou and Mingxia Pavilion were built, which were connected with the Ranyi Guanshan Gate, making it a magnificent sight. Cherish today only the old man's spring, Chunyang Hall, Shanmen and so on.
"Traveling in the clouds while carrying wine"
"I don't want to seal Wan Huhou, and I don't want to know Jingzhou in Korea; I hope that as a Han Jiashou, I will travel in the clouds when carrying wine. " This is a poem sung by Su Shi about Lingyun Temple in Leshan. Lingyun Temple is located in Qixia Peak of Lingyun Mountain, adjacent to the Giant Buddha. It was named after the nine-story pavilion and the poem Lingyun inscribed on it when Buddhist master Haitong practiced the Giant Buddha. It was also called the Big Buddha Temple, which was founded in the early Tang Dynasty and abandoned later.
this temple was built in the Ming and Qing dynasties, including the Heavenly King Hall, Daxiong Hall, the Tibetan Scripture Building, Dongpo Memorial Hall, Xi Mo Chi, Jingxiu Pavilion, etc. Its buildings are magnificent. Lingyun Mountain, where the temple is located, is 448 meters above sea level and 3.5 kilometers in circumference. Because there are nine peaks, also known as Jiufeng Mountain and Jiuding Mountain, it was called Qingyi Mountain and Jiuyi Mountain in ancient times. Looking at the three mountains from a distance, overlooking the two waters, the mountains and peaks are overlapping, and the scenery is natural. It has the reputation of "the view of the world's mountains and rivers is in Shu, and the victory of Shu is called history, and the victory of Zhou is called Lingyun Temple". Su Shi visited here many times when he was young. He fondly missed and loved Lingyun's beautiful scenery, and sang the first popular poem in front of him. In the Southern Song Dynasty, officials and people in Jiazhou built a "wine-carrying pavilion" in front of Lingyun Temple according to their poetry. During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, Guo Weichen, the year of the year, inscribed the eight characters "Su Dongpo's place to travel when he was carrying wine" on the rock wall near the pavilion, which is still clearly recognizable. The pavilion built in the Southern Song Dynasty has been destroyed. Today, the pavilion was rebuilt after liberation. It is located on the side of the hiking trail, facing the water by the cliff, and the terrain is steep. So far, it has a panoramic view of the infinite beauty and is very strong.
the word "carrying wine" is a classic sentence in the biography of Han Yang Xiong: "Sometimes a busybody carries wine and dishes from a study tour". Although Su Shi's dream of "traveling in the clouds while carrying wine" failed to come true, the wine pavilion and his poems attracted countless literati who came here for a visit. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You said, "A hundred pots of wine travel to Lingyun, and when you are drunk, you wave your sleeves to say goodbye to your old friends.": Fan Chengda has a poem "Chatting for Dongpo to travel with wine, welcoming me to the peak"; In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen had "drinking wine and sitting with guests, leaving clothes and associating with wild monks"; Wei Han has a sentence of "one person will be the guardian of Jiayang, and he will travel several times with wine"; In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen wrote poems such as "Go straight for a wine tour in Lingyun, and Han and Jia will be the best in the West" and "Dongpo will think of Shu when he is old, rather than Wan Huhou on earth". In the mid-Qing Daoguang period, He Shaoji, a scholar in Sichuan Province, took the examination of Leshan, where he wrote a couplet: "How many scholars have been there for thousands of years?" I have traveled all over Shu, and I believe that I am beautiful, and I will come back with wine in a boat! " There is also a pair of couplets in Lingyun Temple, which is quite funny: "Laugh at the past and laugh at the present, laugh at the east, laugh at the west and laugh at the north, laugh at yourself for being ignorant;" Look at things, look at the sky, look at the sun, look at the moon, and look at others from the top. " This is a vivid portrayal of Maitreya's big belly smile.
"Call the fish to admire the slope from the past"
Zhongyan, which is famous as "the beauty of the rock valley does not reduce Emei" and "the best place of Xichuan Linquan", is located on the east bank of Minjiang River, 9 kilometers southeast of Qingshen County. It is divided into upper, middle and lower rocks, but it is collectively called Zhongyan, and the highest point is Cimu Rock. Legend has it that the rock is the Dojo of the fifth arhat Nuowei, the founder of the mountain. You can get a close look at Bijiang River and overlook Emei, and the scenery is excellent. Half a mile into the mountain along the stream next to Xiasi, there is a "fish pond." People waved and applauded in Chi Pan, and the fish in the pond came one after another. The pond stands on the left side of the cliff, engraved with the three characters of Su Dongpo, a writer of the Song Dynasty, calling for a fish pond.
According to legend, this pool is also Su Dongpo's "matchmaker". In the first year of Renzong to Hehe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1154), Wang Fang of Qingshen County built an academy by the stream, and when he saw the wonderful scenery in the pool, he was deeply sorry for his namelessness, so he hosted a banquet for talented people from all directions to name it. When people talk about "hiding fish", "attracting fish" and "jumping fish", they don't care. At this time, Su Dongpo, a graceful scholar, said, "The fish in the pool are very happy with the host and guest, and they can come and go at once. Can you name it Fish Pool?" Everyone said it was wonderful. Wang Fang was overjoyed and loved his talent, so he betrothed his daughter Wang Fu to him. Calling the fish pond has been famous ever since. Song and Huang Tingjian once wrote on this topic, "Call the fish pond to throw in the leftover rice, and there are hundreds of fish out, so people are not surprised." Lu You also wrote, "What is the dream of a leisurely spring pillow? Two Qiongzhus call a fish pond.". None of them exist today. Keep the complete inscription as a poem by Cai Cong in Qing Dynasty: "Call the fish to admire Po Gong from the past, although the present and the present have different interests;" I waved my hand when I went to the pool, and I didn't share the romance with him. "