I Yin was a man of the late Xia and early Shang dynasties. His deeds can be seen in "Shangshu", "Analects", "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals", "Liezi", "Chu Ci", "Mengzi" and many other pre-Qin ancient books, "Shangshu", "Suk", "Chenggang" recorded: "Chenggang was commissioned, when there is as if Yiyin, the frame of the Emperor's heaven." The Analects of Confucius says, "The only great sage is Yi Yin." According to Mencius, "Yi Yin was the king of the world," and "Yi Yin was a holy man." Since Yi Yin was often compared to sages in later generations, his life story and even his place of death have been described in various ways. His story goes like this: Yi Yin's name was Yi, or Zhi, and Yin was his official name. There is a legendary account of Yi Yin's birth, "Lü Shi Chun Qiu - Ben Wei" says: "A woman from the Susumu Clan was picking mulberry trees, and she found a baby in the empty space, and offered it to her king. The king asked the people to raise it. The reason why, said: 'His mother lives on the Yishui, pregnant, dreaming of a god told him that: the mortar out of the water and go east, do not care. Tomorrow, see the mortar out of the water, told his neighbors, eastward ten miles and look, its euphony all the water, the body because of the transformation of the empty mulberry', so named Yi Yin." The mythological part aside, Yi Yin was born on the shores of the Yishui River and was orphaned after the flood.
Yi Yin was raised by the butchers since he was young, and when he grew up, he naturally became the butchers of the Arisu clan. However, he was different from other butchers. He was a young man with ideals and ambitions, and was known as "Yin" by the people of his time, and later even Tang knew about him. "Tang heard of Yi Yin, asked for Susumu's help, and Susumu's help was not allowed." This was a time when Shang was prospering, and Yi Yin was willing to join his master. Tang thought of an idea, "Please take a woman for marriage. The Sususu clan is happy to take Yi Yin as concubine." The king of the Arisusususu clan then confusedly gave Tang a human being as a dowry.
Yi Yin later assisted Tang in defeating Xia Jie and founding the Shang, and became the founding father of the Shang dynasty. Tang died after 29 years of reigning, and Yi Yin assisted Tang's second son, Waipan, to succeed him. Waipan died after three years of reigning, and Yi Yin set up Waipan's younger brother, Zhongnian, to be king, and Zhongnian died after four years of reigning. After he became king, Taijia gradually failed to abide by the law, and became a tyrannical and unkind person, so Yi Yin exiled him to a foreign land for three years, and Yi Yin himself acted as the ruler, which is known as "Yi Yin Released Taijia" in the history. During his exile, Taijia was very remorseful and reformed his mind. Yi Yin immediately welcomed him back to the court and handed over the power to him. When Taijia took the throne again, he really acted with benevolence and righteousness, and treated people with sincerity, and the lords embraced this king again. At this time, the Shang Dynasty was in great strength, and the people were living in peace and happiness. Yi Yin wrote three articles called "Taijia Training" to praise Taijia's merits and virtues. Yi Yin served four Shang kings in his life. After his death, the king of Shang honored his contribution to the country and buried him with the rites of a son of heaven. The preface of Shangshu says that Yi Yin wrote Ru Hatsu, Ru Fang, Tang Oath, Xian You Yi De, Yi Xun, Kui Life, Feedback, Taijia and so on, which are incomplete in the present version.
Second, the relationship between Yi Yin and medicine
According to scholars, Yi Yin's identity in the Shang Dynasty, in addition to the regime for the phase, the more important identity he is also a sorcerer. [1] The Shang Dynasty was a dynasty that believed in ghosts and gods, and all the major and minor affairs of the country had to be divined through divination, and "the major affairs of the country were in the rituals and ron", so the sorcerer had a high status. Yi Yin is the first great sorcerer of the Shang Dynasty, ancient witch, history, medicine, sorcerers themselves have both medical functions, such as the famous Wupeng, Wuham, etc. are known for their expertise in medical skills, "Shuowen" release "Yin" as "treatment also". Kang Yin, a paleographer, pointed out that "Yin," "resembles a hand holding a needle, indicating the use of needles to cure people's illnesses"; the official name Yin "is also a derivation of the meaning of medical treatment and adjustment - transformation" [2]. The name "Yi Yin" has the meanings of both medical and phallic from Yishui, and in the final analysis, it is still a sorcerer from Yishui.
In the "Han Shu - Arts and Letters" in the name of Yi Yin's writings belonging to the stream of Taoism, novels, military, etc., and later generations of medical practitioners are believed to be in the stream of medical practitioners of the Jing Fang eleven, two hundred and seventy-four volumes of the "Tang Liquid Jing method" thirty-two volumes, also written by Yi Yin. Yuhanshanfang series of anonymous books have "Yi Yin book" a volume, Mawangdui Han tomb excavated silk books also have Yi Yin chapter.
The greatest legacy left by the Shang dynasty to future generations is the Yin ruins oracle bone inscriptions, the oracle bone inscriptions are produced by the sorcerer to host sacrifices to ghosts and gods, divination, which there are also about future generations of sacrifices to the content of Yi Yin, in the oracle bone inscriptions, there are "Yi Yin", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", "Yi", and "Yi". In the oracle bone inscriptions, there are the names "Yi Yin", "Yi", "Yi Shi" and "Huang Yin", which all refer to Yi Yin.
Three, Yi Yin with the first doctor's shrine
"Han Shu - Arts and Letters Zhi" in the "Tang Liquid by law", medical doctors believe that this book for the Yi Yin compiled. In the Jin Dynasty, Huang Fu Jing believed that "Yi Yin, with the talent of the Sage, wrote and used the Divine Husbandman's Materia Medica as a soup. ...... Zhongjing on the broad Yi Yin Tang Liquid for dozens of volumes, with much experience." [3] Southern Liang Tao Hongjing in the list of ancient medical philosophers and sages also do not forget the achievements of Yi Yin: "The former Shennong's king of the world, also, drawing the trigrams to pass the feelings of the ghosts and gods; making cultivation, in order to save the evils of the brake; Xuan medicine to cure the disease, in order to save the life of the prematurely injured. These three ways have been manifested through the sages. King Wen and Confucius, in their Tuan and Tuan statements, praised man and heaven; Houji and Yi Yin, in their sowing of the grains, benefited the people. Qihuang Pengpian, who promoted counseling, was a benefactor of the people. And for more than three thousand years, the people rely on them today." [4] Ming Li beam also generations of ancient medical sages also recorded: "Yi Yin Yin Yin time sage. System 'Tang Liquid Materia Medica', later generations more ancestor of its method." [5]
Wang Hao Gu in the Yuan Dynasty wrote a book "Tang Liquid Materia Medica", he firmly believed that Tang Liquid is founded by Yi Yin: "Shen Nong tasted a hundred herbs, set up the nine conditions, in order to correct the changes in yin and yang, in order to save the life of the faint zazha, for the law of the ages, both simple and important. Yin's Yi Yin Zong, times more than Shen Nong, to get the essence of legislation, then not harm for the soup." [6]
Medicine practitioners throughout the ages have been convinced by the story of Yi Yin's creation of Tangli. In the temple of the Three Emperors from the Yuan Dynasty onwards, Yi Yin has been listed in the allotment of enjoyment, entering the temple of medical pilgrimage with the legendary healer of the ancient times. In the Qing Dynasty, Lu Yixue recorded the history of the first doctor's temple in Beijing, and among the famous doctors in the first doctor's temple, Yi Yin was in the position: "The first doctor's temple in Beijing began in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. (According to: Yuan Zhenyuan built between the three emperor temple, within the three emperor and successive generations of famous doctors more than ten people, to be designated as the first doctor temple.) This dynasty because of it, in the enshrinement of Fu Xi, left Shen Nong, right Huang Di, are south, Juchi, wind queen, east west, Zhu Rong, Li Mu, west east, east taxing loan Ji, Tian Shi, Qibo, Bogao, Shaoshi, Taiyi, Lei Gong, Yin, Cangong Chunyi, Hua Tuo, Huang Pu Quiet, Chao Yuanfang, medicine king Wei Cizang, Qian Yi, Liu Zongsu, Li Gao, all west, west of the ghost Fuzi District, Yu Yu, Yu Shao Yu, Tong Jun, Ma Shi Huang, God should be King! Bian magpie, Zhang Ji, Wang Shuhe, hold Park Zi Ge Hong, real Sun Simiao, Qiyuan Zi Wang Bing, Zhu humerus, Zhang elemental, Zhu Yanxiu, all eastward, to the north of the top, the year in the spring and winter in the middle month of the upper A, sent officials to the sacrifice." [7]
There are also people will be Huangdi, Shennong and Yi Yin and called the "three saints," said: "Hidden medicine medicine is the way, from yet to come. The original disease of the beginning of healing, this is the Yellow Emperor; identify the flavor of the medicine, this is the Shennong; soup and liquid this is Yin. These three saints, save the suffering of the people, praising the fertility of heaven and earth, its merit in the world is great. Under the world, deep in this way, is also the disciples of the saints. Jia Yi said: the ancient supreme man, do not live in the court, must be hidden in the medical divination. Who said that the square technology of the person is not a great man?" [8]
The Qing dynasty Xu Dachun is that the soup is not invented by Yi Yin, but to the Shang dynasty Yi Yin began to prevail only: "The Neijing" contained half-summer broomcorn millet and so on a number of parties is already, until the Shang and the Yi Yin soup said, roughly the method of soup. To the Shang and the prevalence. Not from the beginning of Yi Yin also." [9]
Four, "Typhoid Fever" and "Tang Liquid Jing"
In 1985, the contemporary famous doctor Jiang Chunhua in the Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine wrote an article pointing out that "Typhoid Fever" and "Tang Liquid Jing" of the origins of the relationship. [10] Based on the fact that in addition to Huang Fu Qui's "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Jieyi Jing - Preface", there is also a copy of a transcript of a Tang-written scroll in a Dunhuang stone chamber - Liang Tao Hongjing's "The Essentials of the Method of Using Medicines". The book says: "The famous doctors generation Zhang Gui ...... and so on, savor the style of this "Tang Liquid Jing" method." And it counts the big and small Qinglong Tang, big and small Baihu Tang, big and small Zhuwu Tang, big and small Xuanwu Tang, big and small Yangdan Tang, Yindan Tang, etc. among them. In fact, on the "Typhoid Fever" source of the problem of successive generations of medical practitioners did not avoid, Wang Hao Gu once said, "Yin Yi Yin with the "Materia Medica" for the Tang Liquid, Han Zhongjing wide "Tang Liquid" for the big law, this is the correct study of the medical practitioner, although the later generations of the bright philosophers have to do, all do not go beyond this." [11] Chen Xiuyuan of the Qing Dynasty also pointed out that "the Ming medicinal properties, the beginning of Shennong, and Yi Yin with and for the soup liquid. Zhongjing 'typhoid fever', 'Golden Chamber' of the formula, that is, its legacy." [12]
Yi Yin's "Tang Liquid scripture" in the Song dynasty folk there are remnants, such as "Pu Ji skill formula" in the last medicine rhubarb in the big Chaihu soup formula, that is, in small print after the note: "Yi Yin" Tang Liquid theory "big Chaihu with ginger and zaozhao **** eight flavors, the present supervision of the book is not available, off of the also." [13] Another example is Zhu humerus "class evidence of living people book" in the gui zhi plus Ge Gen Tang Fang after the note also explains: "Yi Yin "Tang Liquid Theory" gui zhi Tang in the addition of Ge Gen, now monitor the book with ephedra error." [14] The "Brief Examples of Yin Evidence? Yi Yin's Tang Liquid Theory" also further pointed out that "Zhu Fengjiao Yun Zhongjing Laxing Xin Tang was less Scutellaria baicalensis than the ancient Tang Liquid, and later people shed it. Xu also said that Yi Yin's "Tang Liquid Theory" has eight flavors in Da Chai Hu Tang, but now the supervisor has no Da Huang, only seven flavors, which is also a shedding. This is to know that Zhongjing formula are all "Tang Liquid" also." [15]
While Yi Yin was not the foremost god of the pharmaceutical industry, most of the population believed that Tang Liquid was invented by him, and that the invention of Tang Liquid improved the efficacy of medicine and became one of the most prominent features of Chinese medicine.