Before reading, please think about these three questions:
1. Where are the industrial opportunities for rural housing?
2. How to solve the problem of land transfer?
3. How can investors avoid smashing the market?
First of all, rural housing is the inevitable development of rural holiday.
The connotation of rural tourism is diverse, and the main categories are agricultural tourism, homesickness tourism and outdoor adventure. On the basis of the main categories, there are also subdivided experiences that are popular all over the world, such as wine and food, cooking and learning, characteristic homestays, and natural learning.
Rural tourism is not synonymous with short-term short-term leisure, and rural vacation is the form of tourism that maximizes benefits. Short-term short-term rural leisure, daily in the suburbs of the city, stay within 3 days, mostly for one day. Mid-range tour is a rural tour, mostly based on ancient villages and towns, with a stay of only 3-5 days; Long-distance vacation is aimed at the countryside, and tourists can set foot on the whole destination and stay for half a month.
Vacation is to change a way of life, and the supply of differentiated lifestyles in rural areas can be described as natural.
Rural dwellings are characteristic tourism products that rural residents take their own houses as carriers and organically integrate local culture, rural life, rural landscape environment, green agricultural food and other local resources. It is a leisure lifestyle rooted in local culture and rural environment.
Rural hukou has been done abroad for a long time. In Europe and America, it used to be called "buy back the space movement". People in rural areas go to cities to buy houses after living in rural areas for a long time. Because of the heat island effect and environmental pollution, people in cities want to live in the countryside. After World War II, many middle classes in Europe and America, especially after the popularization of automobiles, gathered in the countryside.
Many foreign villages have country inns and homestays, as well as boutique hotels (country hotels) and resorts, with diverse life scenes, providing country vacations and in-depth experiences. In the Yangtze River Delta region, there are many such places. When urbanization develops to a certain extent, the countryside becomes more and more precious.
Basic principles of rural housing:
First, make full use of local rural resources.
The key is to break through the limitation of "idle houses", fully understand, excavate and combine the local resource system, and always maintain the main business position of agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry, so as not to let tourism management take its place;
Second, maintain small-scale self-management.
The subject and object of rural products are separated from the simple commodity exchange level and rose to the level of social and cultural communication. The consumption of tourists and the profit of owners are only by-products of this form of social communication.
Third, carry out extensive and in-depth guest interaction.
Ensuring substantive communication and dialogue between subject and object and realizing the interaction between urban and rural cultures are also the key original intention of developing rural housing;
Fourth, provide a variety of participation experience projects.
Guest rooms are just a system of rural products. In addition, the rich and varied rural experience projects are the guarantee for the success of hotel management, and they constitute the main content of "slow rural life".
Rural residence and rural complex are a natural combination. Rural housing and rural complex are only complementary. Rural housing needs a good rural environment as the background and activity space; Rural residents need high-quality agriculture to provide food and activity materials; Rural residence needs high-level rural communities to provide interactive support; The rural complex can realize the above-mentioned rural residential appeal as a whole.
Second, how to solve the land problem?
There are four main ways for rural complex to acquire land: land bank; Establish a cooperative based on land shares; Index arrangement and agricultural and forestry reclamation of rural idle homestead and abandoned garden; Land replacement, lease, joint venture, etc.
The land problem is no longer the threshold, and there is no problem with the land policy now, but the specific implementation rules are not perfect, and the micro-operation needs innovation.
Among them, basic farmland must not be moved, ecological protection should also be done, and the protection and revival of traditional villages and cultures in rural areas should also be done.
In terms of innovation, as long as it does not violate policies and laws and regulations, it can be innovative. For example, in Guangdong, some traditional villages cannot be demolished because of the objective cultural environment. Even if a Cantonese goes to Nanyang or overseas, he must keep his ancestral home and his old house. Many villages have hundreds of years of history. The dilemma here is that Cantonese people are unwilling to tear down their homesteads, and it is difficult to circulate them.
However, these villages are traditional villages and famous historical and cultural villages, which should be given priority protection. If we want to make an idyllic complex based on this, we can rely on this village to make it active and useful. First, transfer the right to use the house for catering and reception services. On the basis of traditional folk houses, make a relatively deeper thing, and transform it into a cultural tourism creative industry based on the development of pastoral complex in the material form of villagers' own residence.
In the process of protection, we should revive traditional villages and dig deep into their culture. Some places have declined, and cultural excavation and revival still need to find historical records or documents of this place.
To be an idyllic complex, first of all, the scale and intensification of agriculture are relatively high, forming a relatively large scale benefit, which is a very basic condition. After that, if you want to do a cultural tour, it is best to take the form of the countryside. Many people go to traditional villages because some cultural things have been preserved. It will be very difficult if nothing with culture is preserved.
The other is that the terrain is very distinctive, such as the blending of surrounding mountains and rivers, a very good space environment and landscape resources suitable for people to live or travel. These are very basic elements.
In the top-level planning of rural complex, which houses need to be protected, which production and living spaces must be guaranteed and which original production and living spaces need to be protected, and then the overall land ownership can be determined.
Third, money is not the most important ability.
The planning and design of agriculture+cultural tourism+residence must be based on specific projects. What kind of agriculture is the key, and ecological recycling agriculture is the big theme, but what to do specifically, whether to do flowers or aquaculture, is different from agriculture.
There are also landforms and environmental spaces, which are all different. Therefore, the practices in different places are definitely different. In the planning and design of rural complex, agriculture should be given priority, and then corresponding cultural tourism should be supported. When making a garden complex, we should first study agriculture and let agricultural experts participate. The first thing to study is what agriculture this place does, and what are the investors' own specialties? Not everyone can do or not do agriculture, but we must find a professional agricultural company to participate.
This means that in this team, there are professionals in agriculture, and no professionals can do it. Then who will invest and what is the ability of investors? That ability is not just an investor's problem, but his technical ability, human resource ability and operational ability are all very critical, thus forming his ability to do this well, which is more important than money.
Everyone can't make an idyllic complex, so find a team to make a plan, report it to the government after it is done, and take down the land indicators. If it can't be done in the end, it won't work, so this is also a problem of government control. Is to examine the ability of investors themselves. The investor is a leading enterprise in the construction of pastoral complex.
China's products pay more and more attention to quality and demand high quality. Quality requires investors' operational ability and technical ability more than capital. If he knows nothing about agriculture, how can he do it?
In the planning and design stage, it is necessary to systematically consider the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in the pastoral complex, because after all, social capital needs to enter, and after social capital enters, it is necessary to systematically consider who will do agriculture? How to do agriculture? How to make a market? What skills do you have?
In this technical process, how to realize its value-added effect? This value-added effect is how to effectively integrate the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. It is necessary to study what technology to use, what to produce, how to produce and make overall plans. This problem should be considered from the beginning, and then the layout should be made after planning. For example, tens of thousands of acres of space, where to do agriculture, where to do agricultural products processing, where to do service industry, how to integrate should be considered.
The operation of pastoral complex cannot be described by a model, because the model is too three-dimensional. The operation should first consider the problems of agriculture, from seed, planting to sales, and then carry out deep processing and sales according to industrialized products, which is itself an industrial chain. In addition, the operation of the integration of agriculture and cultural tourism, that is, how the cultural tourism industry operates, is another matter. I think the interests of agriculture are relatively independent, as long as the professional team is doing it. What is lacking is the operation of cultural tourism, which is the most lacking in China.
In addition to understanding the operation of cultural tourism projects, we should also understand agriculture and industry, which requires a high-level compound team, and we should integrate them into a team to form a compound ability.
Fourth, the government should stand on the side of farmers.
There are several red lines of principles in the pastoral complex that cannot be broken, so the most likely problem is that the interests of farmers have not been solved well, and the interests of farmers may be occupied.
How to design a model of farmers' participation and ensure the output of farmers' activities is the most critical. If this is not done well, the pastoral complex will not be sustainable, which is the biggest problem. This involves the interest game of several parties.
After the capital goes in, it is very important to the local government, and the role played by the government is very important. The government should not participate as a stakeholder. In other words, the government should be a coordinator, balancer and public service provider with balanced interests. More importantly, it should stand on the weak side and protect the interests of indigenous people to think about this issue, and then consider how to maintain the balanced development of the three rural issues. This is quite difficult.
If you leave the farmers, it is not an idyllic complex, but a tourism development project or a rehabilitation project, which is essentially different. Pastoral complex is first of all a problem of agriculture, countryside and farmers. Doing a resort or tourism development project in the countryside is not an idyllic complex, and this concept cannot be used.
The construction of this interest structure should be discussed by capital, farmers and government, not by anyone. If capital dominates, the interests of farmers are likely to be occupied, and if the government colludes with capital to attract investment, it will be even more difficult. Farmers belong to the weak side in the interest organization structure, and the government should protect the interests of farmers.