There are two regimes in history called Koryo. 1. The local regime named "Koguryo" was established in 37 BC, located in Koguryo County, Xuantu County, Western Han Dynasty, China, and is also called "Koryo" in China history books. Another country was founded in 9 18, on the Korean peninsula, also known as "Korea". In order to distinguish them, the academic circles generally call the former "Gao's Korea" because its ruler's surname is Gao; The latter is called "Wang" because its ruler is surnamed Wang. As the two regimes are both called Koguryo, later generations may think that they have a sequential relationship, or mix them together, resulting in extreme confusion in people's understanding of Koguryo's history, but in fact they are two completely different regimes, mainly reflected in:
First, the founding time of the two regimes is very different, and the historical development belongs to different countries.
Gaogaoli was founded in 37 BC, originally belonging to Gaogouli, Xuantu County in the Western Han Dynasty, and gradually became strong, but it did not sever its vassal relationship with the central dynasty. After entering the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it continued to expand because it did not obey the imperial edicts of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which blocked the way for other regimes on the Korean Peninsula to offer suggestions to the Central Plains Dynasty and led to the conquest of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In 668 AD, Gao Koryo was finally unified into the Tang Dynasty. At first, in the Tang Dynasty, Koguryo's territory was completely under the jurisdiction of Anton Khufu (located in present-day Pyongyang). Decades later, part of the territory was occupied by Bohai, another local regime in China's history, part was under the jurisdiction of Silla, a rising regime in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, and part was still under the jurisdiction of Anton Khufu. Most of Koguryo migrated to Chinese mainland from the Tang Dynasty, and then merged with the Han nationality, and a few of them merged with the surrounding ethnic groups. After the death of the royal family, Koguryo, which had been established for seven centuries, finally disappeared in the long river of China history. Wang Gaoli was founded in 9 18 AD, more than 250 years after the death of Koguryo. Silla, another regime on the Korean peninsula, was replaced in 935, and Baekje was destroyed the following year, unifying most of the south-central part of the peninsula. By A.D. 1392, Wang's ministers had abolished Wang, and 1393 was called King Koryo, and Wang was renamed Koryo. Academics generally called Li Han or Koryo. This is China's Korea during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and its territory has developed to the present Democratic People's Republic of Korea and South Korea.
Second, different jurisdictions.
Koguryo was founded in Hunjiang Valley, a tributary of Yalu River in China, and later extended to the southeast of Yalu River and near Tumen River. The ruling center was originally in Huanren County, Liaoning Province, and later moved to Ji 'an, Jilin Province, and moved to Pyongyang in 427 AD. Gao Koryo reached its peak during the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. The territory in its heyday is roughly as follows: east to the Sea of Japan, west to Liaohe River, north to Hunchun City, Jilin Province, and south to the north of the North Han River. According to "History and Geography of Korea", the northernmost territory of Dynasty Xian in10 after the founding of the People's Republic of China was Longxing River line north of Datong River, and its north was the territory of Bohai State, a local political power in China's history. After the destruction of Bohai Sea, it was the activity area of Jurchen, a frontier ethnic group in China. In other words, Wang Gaoli's territory basically inherited Silla's territory. Although its northern part overlapped with Koguryo's territory, it was already owned by Silla in the early days of Koguryo's demise. It can be seen that the area under Wang Gaoli's jurisdiction is not Koguryo's hometown. In the early days, it was in the south of Pyongyang, one in the south and one in the north. It was later that Wang Gaoli occupied the north of Pyongyang, and all the areas east of Yalu River and south of Tumen River were occupied 14. But at this time, Wang Gaoli was replaced by the Li Dynasty, and it was difficult for the two Koreas to form an inheritance relationship in the ruling area.
Third, the ethnic composition within the jurisdiction is different.
The people in the territory under the jurisdiction of Koguryo are mainly Koguryo people. The ethnic origins of Koguryo nationality are Fuyu, Gaoyi, Woju, Xiaoshuiqi and Donglai. After the ancient China people moved eastward, they merged with the descendants of Korean adherents of Wei, Han people and Xianbei people. These members from different nationalities have gradually merged with each other in their long-term life, which is generally called Koguryo in history books and academic circles. The people under the king's jurisdiction are mainly Silla people. Wang's Koryo was originally a regime established by Silla nationals. After the merger of Silla and Post-Baekje, Silla people and Baekje people became the main residents of Wang Gaoli. Silla people mainly come from Chenhan people and Han Ge people in the south of the Korean Peninsula. Although some Koguryo people joined after the death of Koguryo, it was not the main source of Silla people. Baekje mainly originated from Mahan nationality in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. In other words, the main residents of Wang's Korea are "three Koreas" from the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, and a large number of historical records also show that both Wang's Koreans and ancient China people regard Wang's Korea as "three Koreas". These ethnic members, who originated in the southern part of the peninsula, gradually merged into one family in the hundreds of years of historical development of Wang Gaoli, which is generally called the Korean nation in history books and academic circles. After Wang's Korea was replaced by Li's Korea, Korea also replaced Korea and became its national title, which is still in use today.
Fourth, Wang Gaoli is not a descendant of Goguryeo, nor is Wang Gaoli's royal family a descendant of Goguryeo. Regarding the clan of Wang Jian, the founder of Wang's Korea, the author of "History of Korea" thinks that "the history of Korea is not detailed", but according to the research of China scholars, Wang Jian is probably a descendant of Han people in the Western Han Dynasty, because Wang was a noble family in the county at that time, with many families. On his deathbed, Wang Jian not only did not say that he was a descendant of Gao's Korea, but said that he was born in Shu Ren, saying that he was "blessed by three mountains and rivers" and unified the "three Korea" of Chen Han and Chen Han, and most of his descendants called themselves "three Korea". According to common sense, if Wang Jian is a descendant of Gao's Koryo, it will be made public for the need of rule, which can also prove that Wang is not a descendant of Gao's.
In short, it is difficult for Wang to form an inheritance relationship with Gao in any way.
1. Koguryo nationality was founded by Fuyu people in northeast China in ancient times. Its territory mainly lies in Liaodong, Xuantu, Le Lang and Daifang counties in Han Dynasty. In 37 BC, the widow Zhu Meng established political power in Koguryo County and Xuantu County, and the capital was promoted.
2. In the history of Koguryo, China was rebellious and dependent. The expansion of Koguryo Empire began in the ruthless era of heroes and high kings, that is, when Wang Mang fled to the Han Dynasty. Wang Mang denounced Goguryeo as the next sentence, which triggered the war. Koguryo Lien Chan succeeded, defeated the Xin Mang regime and occupied Le Lang. And annexed the surrounding small countries, and the forces entered the Korean peninsula. After Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu defeated Goguryeo and recovered Le Lang, it was bounded by Qinghe River on the Korean Peninsula, belonging to the Eastern Han Dynasty in the north and Goguryeo in the south. Later, Koguryo took advantage of the May 4th Rebellion to invade China on a large scale, nominally commending the northern regime, but secretly plundering the land. By the end of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Goguryeo not only occupied four counties in Liaodong, but also conquered Silla and Baekje regimes on the Korean peninsula, forcing them to submit.
3. After the reunification of the Sui Dynasty, in order to recover the four counties in Liaodong, a war was launched against Koguryo, and the failure of Yang Di triggered a domestic rebellion. After the demise of the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty still did not forget to recover four counties, and finally destroyed Goguryeo in 668 AD. Most of Koguryo was captured by Tang Jun and taken to the mainland, distributed in Shandong and Hebei, and some of them fled to Baekje and Silla. Baekje is said to be a country founded by Koguryo nobles. Later, the Tang Dynasty destroyed Baekje on the Korean Peninsula.
4. In the 250 years after Goguryeo's death, Wang Jianmao, the general of Silla people, set up the Wang regime in North Korea. It is called Koryo because Silla once surrendered to Koguryo and claimed to be its successor. However, Silla people are descendants of three Koreans (Mahan, Han Ge and Chen Han) on the Korean Peninsula, and they are not related to Goguryeo. Just because Koguryo people are integrated into it doesn't mean they are Koguryo people. Wang's Korea was replaced by Lee's Korea, and Lee's Korea surrendered to China, calling itself "China's dutiful son" ("Korean Ancestral Declaration" 37), which was the case in the Ming and Qing Dynasties until 19 10, when Japan and South Korea merged and Lee's Korea perished. Li Han is the predecessor of North Korea and South Korea. Neither Wang nor Li North Korea left the territory of the Korean Peninsula.
Koreans themselves did not consider themselves descendants of Koguryo before. Wang Jian, the founder of Wang's Korea, said in the Ten Xunlu that he was "blessed by three Han mountains and rivers" before his death, which shows that he thinks he is a descendant of three Han, not Koguryo. In terms of cultural inheritance, the Wangs have inherited a lot of Koguryo until today, but Japan has also inherited a lot of China culture. It cannot be said that the history of China is Japanese history.
6. The reason why people mistakenly regard Wang as the heir of Koguryo is related to the historical records of our country. In ancient China, Koguryo was called Korea for short. Koguryo is also called "Koguryo". Before the Song Dynasty, Koguryo's historical position in the history books was accurate. Due to the separation of documents caused by the war and Wang's misleading, after the Song Dynasty, the records in the history books began to appear confusion and even obvious errors.
The History of the Old Five Dynasties and the History of the New Five Dynasties first wrote Gao's Koryo into Wang's Biography of Koryo, and The History of the Song Dynasty was the initiator of the sentence "The throne is high". The records of these three history books directly influenced the later history books. The history of the Ming Dynasty has developed more than before. In order to have a reasonable explanation for the conferring of Li Chenggui as korean king in the Ming Dynasty, it not only inherited the above mistakes, but also gave a complete but wrong explanation of the evolution of Lee's Korean regime, and included Jizi Korea, Weishi Korea, Han Fourth Army and Koguryo, which belong to China's history, into Korean history. As a result, not only "Koryo", a title used by China's ancient frontier ethnic group, was falsely used as the successor of Silla from three Han Dynasties, but also the Li Dynasty, as the successor of the king's regime, put "Koryo" used by North Korea on its own head.
Therefore, Wang is not the heir of Goguryeo. Mahan, Chen Han and Han Ge, which rose in the Korean Peninsula in the Han Dynasty, developed into Silla and Baekje. Baekje perished in the Tang Dynasty and Silla was replaced by Wang. Later, Lee Korea replaced Wang Korea, and eventually developed into modern Korea and the present North and South Dynasties on the Korean Peninsula. The territory of these regimes has never exceeded the Korean peninsula and its affiliated islands.