1, the evolution of the relevant fire code
Indoor pedestrian street as a new form of commercial buildings in recent years, has a unique character. 1995 released and implemented GB 50045-95 "high-rise civil building design fire code" and 2006 released and implemented GB 50016- 2006 "building design fire code" did not have the same fire safety requirements. GB 50016- 2006 "Code for Fire Protection in Building Design" does not cover the specific provisions of commercial pedestrian street design, and can only apply the form of atrium inside the commercial building, and according to the code, it is necessary to set up a large number of fire shutters, solid walls, fire doors, and other fire protection construction in the pedestrian street, which makes it difficult to realize the specific use function, architectural effect and structural requirements. Based on this background, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the General Administration of Quality Supervision jointly issued GB 20016-2014 "Building Design Fire Code" in particular, a new indoor pedestrian street fire design provisions, the length of the block, width, height, store separation, safety evacuation, roof smoke and other provisions.
2, project overview
Quanzhou Anxi Wanda Plaza big business is located in Anxi County, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, with a total floor area of 154,000 square meters, 94,000 square meters above ground and 60,000 square meters underground, the building height of 20.7m, multi-storey public **** building, fire-resistant grade for the first level, the project is designed for the ground floor of the underground 2 floors and ground floor of the 3 floors. Among them, the 2 underground floors for the combination of civil defense basement and equipment room, underground 1 floor for supermarkets, motor vehicle parking, equipment rooms and non-motorized garage; internal set to retail, commercial, entertainment, cinema-based indoor pedestrian street, 1 and 2 floors to boutique stores, 3 floors for food and beverage, theater, 4 floors of the equipment room and cinema equipment mezzanine.
3, fire design goals and problems faced
The most important goal of fire design is to protect the lives of people. When a fire occurs in a building, the entire building system (including the fire protection system) can provide enough time for all the people in the building to evacuate to a safe area, and the evacuation process will not be jeopardized by fire and smoke. The second is the protection of property safety. Through the reasonable installation of fire separation measures, automatic fire extinguishing and smoke evacuation facilities, etc., the scale of the fire and the spreading area of smoke can be controlled to minimize the loss of property. It is also necessary to safeguard the continuity of important commercial activities, production or the operation of important facilities; to reduce the harm of fire to the environment and so on. Quanzhou Anxi Wanda Plaza large project indoor pedestrian street on both sides of the arrangement of various types of commercial stores, forming a set of retail, department stores, catering, entertainment, leisure and other uses in one of the large-scale integrated commercial buildings.
4, the main fire technical measures taken
Large commercial indoor pedestrian street building, its volume, function and plan combination of complex, and traditional commercial buildings have great differences. The use of current standards for fire prevention design, often encountered by the current standards are not clearly defined or some aspects of the current standards are difficult to comply with the situation. Anxi Wanda Plaza commercial project to meet the current national fire code under the premise, according to its large volume, complex functions, dense and other special features mainly from the prevention of fire spread, fire rescue to provide convenience, fire separation, safety evacuation, fire rescue, fire extinguishing, fire exhaust, and other aspects of the relevant adjustments to the program and enhancement measures.
4.1 Fire separation
The indoor pedestrian walkway connecting areas as a fire partition design, indoor pedestrian walkway on both sides of the non-catering stores are divided into less than 300 square meters, catering stores are divided into less than 500 square meters of a number of independent fire units. It is separated by walls with fire resistance limit of not less than 2h. The kitchen using gas and other open flames is separated from the preparation area and the business area between the restaurant and the kitchen of the catering store by a solid wall with a fire-resistant limit of not less than 2h, and the door set on the wall is a class A fire door. Catering stores not leaning against the external wall of the building adopt the light catering mode of electric heating and prohibit the use of fuel gas. Stores and walking street public **** between the area using fire resistance limit of not less than 1h plane tempered glass for separation, glass height of not more than 4m, glass eaves to the floor using non-combustible materials blocking (fire resistance limit of not less than 1h), and the use of an independent automatic sprinkler system for the protection of the glass separation components; store sign equipment using non-combustible materials arranged in the side of the walking street.
Pedestrian street adjacent to the use of space alone according to 5,000 square meters divided into fire zones, the use of solid wall or with a solid wall (fire-resistant limit of not less than 3.00h) in the form of commercial windows to create a commercial effect of the form of separation, and its internal non-combustible materials, the door of the window is set up in the pedestrian street on the side of the public **** area, not located in the store to ensure that the fire protection between the store and the pedestrian street to ensure that the reliability of fire protection between the separation. Take to set up not more than 8m fire shutter and pedestrian street connection, and set up a nearby fire compartment through the pedestrian street; theater each auditorium using fire-resistant limit of not less than 2.00h solid wall, class A fire door and fire-resistant limit of not less than 1.50h floor and other parts of the separation, delineated as an independent fire unit.
4.2 Safety Evacuation
The commercial personnel density of each floor of the project is taken according to the requirements of GB 20016-2014 "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design"; the personnel density of such public **** traffic area of each floor of the pedestrian corridor, which has not yet been clarified by the relevant domestic norms and standards, is taken as 0.25 person/m2 according to the relevant research results of the National Research Center of Fire Protection Engineering Technology. The evacuation width of the commercial floors of the 100 people indicators take 0.75 m. According to JGJ 64-2017 "diet building design specification" for the 3rd floor dining area dining area personnel density is taken as 1.3 square meters / person, kitchen area ratio is taken as 1:1.1, the kitchen is mainly for the staff, according to the design value of the selection (9.3 square meters / person). Cinema part of the audience hall of the audience, the audience and staff and other categories, so the theater part of the audience hall in accordance with the staff + staff + waiting staff to consider the overall number of its internal evacuation.
4.3 Firefighting and Rescue
In a fire, a professional firefighting team quickly enters the fire scene to carry out firefighting and rescue work, which plays an important role in minimizing the casualties and property losses caused by the fire.
The project has set up a 4m wide circular fire lane on the periphery of the building, the fire lane is 5~10m away from the external wall surface of the building, the turning radius of the fire lane is not less than 12m, and the slope of the fire lane is less than 8%; set up a fire rescue site along the west side of Sennei Street and the south side of Riverside Road, the width of the rescue site is not less than 10m, the length of the rescue site is not less than 15m, and the distance of the interval is not more than 30m. The total length of the rescue site is more than 1/4 of the building circumference and not less than one long side, and the slope of the rescue site is less than 3%. Along the long side of the building, there is a pedestrian street on the first floor directly to the outdoor safety exit door, in business hours and fire to keep open, and set up convenient fire rescue measures to ensure that rescue personnel can facilitate access to the pedestrian street.
The facade of the building where the indoor pedestrian street is located is equipped with casement windows on each floor that can be accessed by fire rescue personnel. For the parts covered by the facade shelter, both the inner and outer layers should be set up windows, the two are made of non-combustible materials between the channel connection. The net size of the window is not less than 1.0m × 1.0m, the lower edge of the window from the indoor ground is not more than 1.2m, the window spacing is not more than 20m, both inside and outside of the building is easy to open or the window is made of easy to break glass, and set up can be recognized in the outdoor obvious signs. Rescue window outside or around the set does not affect the rescue of obstacles (Figure 1).
4.4 Fire Fighting
An independent automatic sprinkler system is provided to cool and protect the glass separating elements.
Automatic sprinkler system nozzle using side-wall type or window type fast response nozzle, nozzle action temperature of 68 ℃, the working pressure should be determined by calculation, but should not be less than 0.1MPa, the intensity of the water spray should not be less than 0.5L/s?m. When the nozzle is greater than the height of the ground from the ground 4.0m, every increase of 1.0m, the intensity of the water spray should be increased by 0.1L/s?m (less than 1.0m, according to 1.0m). (according to 1.0m). The water consumption is calculated according to the protection length and protection time, and the protection length is determined according to 1.5 times of the actual length of the longest glass store along the street and not less than 30m, and the design water spraying time is not less than 1.0h.
4.5 Smoke Exhaustion for Firefighting
Pedestrian street area adopts the "three-stage smoke exhaust", i.e. Smoke exhaust in the stores on both sides of the pedestrian street, smoke exhaust in the aisles of the public **** area on each level of the pedestrian street and smoke exhaust at the top of the pedestrian street, and fire dampers are required to be set up for the ventilation and smoke exhaust systems on the firewalls between the stores on both sides of the pedestrian street. It is required that the secondary decoration and partition adjustment in the stores do not affect the setting of smoke vent. Walking street 2~3 layer public **** area above the aisle with mechanical smoke exhaust system, and according to the area of not more than 500 square meters divided into smoke partition, and the length of a single smoke partition is not more than 90m.
After the fire performance unit demonstrated that, in the adoption of the above fire protection measures and in the fire protection facilities are effective in the startup and operation of the conditions, the results of the calculations and the simulation results of the fire smoke compared to the design of the Effectively achieved to ensure the safety of human life and property and limit the large-scale spread of fire design goals.
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