(2) Many schools now have incubators and startup foundations. College students can have the same quality of offices and warehouses at very low cost and beyond. The cost of starting a business for college students is once again lower, and many schools make it possible for students to suspend their studies indefinitely to start a business, again because of the fear of failure and lack of continuity in their ventures. A relief in her studies.
(3) College students don't have as many concerns about starting a business, but also very low costs and high quality talent, which makes it easier for them to have and realize these ideas, making them more innovative and making them more competitive.
(4) Currently, the state encourages students to start their own business and supports them from politics to practice. Many local governments also welcome students to start their own business and give them the green light. As students, they enjoy a lot of directives such as tax breaks, which can be a huge advantage.
Disadvantages (1) Student start-ups are entrepreneurial teams made up of classmates, friends or peers. Being so well connected can make the team closer and quieter to help. But in contrast, most startup teams of students have a serious problem of extremely irrational shareholding structure, many say that the relationship is very good, so it is not easy, in addition, investors are extremely cynical about such a problem, because there will be a great risk. Even if you are a brother, you should be able to decide for yourself who to listen to. Also, investors are extremely outraged by such questions because there will be a great deal of risk. Many students don't understand this.
(2) One very important factor is inexperience compared to those who have been working or trying to work in a particular industry for some time. Student entrepreneurship always lacks intuitive knowledge and accumulated experience in the industry, which is also a disadvantage compared to those they have worked in the industry.
(3) Nowadays, there is a mythical entrepreneurial spirit in many media, especially among college students. Entrepreneurship, it's a romantic word. So 80-90% of students think they will change the world. Many college students so-called entrepreneurship is actually their own fantasy, many can not even write a decent business plan is to do business, no matter whether it is a network business or anything else, the important thing is to do business to make money, many college students do not understand this, they often burn these ignorant investors money, because of the lack of capital and failure.
Conditions needed for a college student to start a business Forming a well-structured entrepreneurial team A good team can help a company to improve its probability of success in the risk of uncertainty because they have a good level of decision-making and cognition. A good team is first and foremost "complete", are there all the right people? How do the members divide the labor? The business model you propose needs to have enough people to push forward to realize it. The second is "quality", here the quality is not the top 500 work experience is considered quality, but lies in the seniority and the project match is high. A technology-driven company with all senior operation founders will not work. The above advice is not just for college students, but something every startup team needs to consider.
Recognizing the difficulty of entrepreneurship, most students don't have a deep enough understanding of entrepreneurship, and what they're exposed to in their internships is only the tip of the iceberg of what it takes to make a business work. How to form a well-structured team? How to manage a motivated team? How to make a product? How to operate? Do you have a clear understanding of your market? Does the product really solve the user's pain points? How to deal with the upstream and downstream without knowing the market rules and resources? These are all problems that college entrepreneurs need to face. So before you start your own business, you might want to ask yourself if these problems can be solved.
Choose the right direction for college students to think flexibly, daily contact with a lot of new things, and therefore often come up with "good ideas", but entrepreneurship can not be absolutely subjective, to impress their own products may not be accepted by the majority of the people, and very few investors will be for the college student's idea of the bill. If you really want to start a business to earn money, then we must learn to use MVP to verify the market, learn to use data to speak.
In addition, entrepreneurship is not only a form of Internet, open restaurants, selling clothes, doing retail are considered entrepreneurship. Compared with the "big and comprehensive" project, try to do a segmented track vertical field "small and beautiful" things, may be more suitable for college students to start their own business. Don't have too high expectations for entrepreneurship, and don't despair.
Student entrepreneurship risk management risk of entrepreneurial failure, basically is the management of the problem, including: decision-making random, information is not clear, the concept of unclear, loss of gains and losses, employing the wrong people, ignoring the innovation, quick success, blindly follow the wind, weak will, etc.. Especially college students with single knowledge, lack of experience, financial strength and psychological quality is obviously insufficient, it will increase the risk in the management.
Capital risk capital risk in the early stage of entrepreneurship will always be accompanied by entrepreneurs. Whether there is enough money to start a business is the first problem encountered by entrepreneurs. Once the business is up and running, it is important to consider whether there is enough capital to support the day-to-day operations of the business. For a startup business, it can be extremely threatening if the business is unable to make ends meet for several months in a row or if the cash flow of the business is interrupted for any other reason. A significant number of companies have to close their doors in the early stages of business due to a lack of capital, which can seriously affect their business development and even lead to missed business opportunities.
Competitive riskThe search for blue oceans is a good start for entrepreneurship, but not all start-ups can find them. What's more, blue oceans are only temporary, so competition is inevitable. How to face competition is something that every business has to consider at all times, and this is especially true for start-ups. If the entrepreneur chooses an industry that is a very competitive field, it is highly likely that he or she will be strongly ostracized by peers at the beginning of the business. Some large corporations often resort to selling at low prices in order to swallow up or squeeze out small businesses. For large enterprises, due to economies of scale or strength, a short period of price cuts will not cause fatal damage to it, while the startup may mean the danger of total destruction. Therefore, considering how to deal with the brutal competition from peers is a necessary preparation for the survival of startups.
The Risk of Team DivergenceModern businesses are increasingly emphasizing the power of teams. In the process of birth or growth of a startup, the most important source of strength is usually the startup team, and a good startup team can make the startup develop rapidly. But at the same time, the risk is also embedded in it, the greater the power of the team, the greater the risk generated. Once the core members of the entrepreneurial team on certain issues, differences can not reach unity, it is very likely to cause a strong impact on the enterprise. In fact, good teamwork is not easy. Especially when it comes to equity and benefits, many people who were good partners at the time of the startup will fall out.
The risk of lack of core competenceFor entrepreneurs with long-term development goals, their goal is to continuously develop and grow the business, so whether the company has its own core competence is the main risk. An enterprise that relies on other people's products or markets to fight the world will never grow into an excellent enterprise. Core competitiveness may not be the most important issue at the beginning of the business, but it is the most important issue that cannot be ignored in order to seek long-term development. Enterprises without core competitiveness will eventually be eliminated from the game.
The risk of loss of human resources some R & D, production or operational enterprises need to be market-oriented, a large number of high-quality professionals or business team is an important basis for the growth of such enterprises. Preventing the loss of professionals and business backbone should be the entrepreneurs always pay attention to the problem, in those who rely on a certain technology or patent business, the loss of business backbone to own or master this key technology is the most important source of risk of business failure.
Consciousness risk is the most intrinsic risk of the entrepreneurial team. This risk comes from the intangible, but has a powerful destructive force. Risky consciousness are: speculative mentality, lucky, try to see the mentality, too much dependence on others, the psychology of the return of capital.
Student Entrepreneurship ProcessStudent Innovation and Entrepreneurship is an area that has been relatively hot, from the implementation of this project can greatly enhance the entrepreneurial ability of many students, but also allows them to enter a new field relatively quickly, so as to better realize their life goals.
Project design to start a business first of all to have results, especially college students innovation and entrepreneurship, to put the power and resources in which area, what kind of project can quickly achieve results, so that greatly activate the very strong demand for the project design is also very critical, when the project has the results can be transferred to the entrepreneurial aspects.
Plan before the business plan is indispensable, no plan of entrepreneurship is a brutal, but also very likely to suffer failure, in the process of determining the plan, you can continue to find problems, you can continue to supplement the relevant programs, so as to better improve the plan.
Feasible to prove that this business is not feasible, this business is not a success factor, before investing a lot of money, there must be a rigorous argument, the relevant data collection is also indispensable.
Operation with a plan, and through the feasibility study can be a trial run, this link will have to address the issue of a resource and team, what kind of personnel, how much input, where each cycle, which should be carefully considered.
Practice When college students enter the final stage of innovation and entrepreneurship, it is also necessary to enter the enterprise to improve it, we can be in a real environment, the project to do more outstanding, more influential.
Report after the completion of the innovative entrepreneurship of college students, it is necessary to produce a report, a brief description of the process, the exchange of experience, to enhance the ability and cognition, for the future of the real entrepreneurship to make the necessary preparations for the process of exercise, with such a process can make the entrepreneurial zeal of the students extremely burst out.
What college students should do to prepare for entrepreneurship entrepreneurial plan through their own family background to carry out entrepreneurial research and study, research and study must be built on the basis of realistic and effective market research, not just imagine, subjective judgment, planning and summarize which projects are suitable for their own, which business is better to carry out a better start, as well as estimate whether to make money, how much money, when to make money, how to make money and the conditions required. The first thing that you need to do is to make sure that you have a good idea of what you want to do and how to do it.
Money money is indispensable, but also the most important and most critical link in the start-up until the beginning, we must do a good job for more than 3 months or to predict the profitability of the period before the preparation of funds, if there is no money, that is, cooking without rice. If the family money is not enough, you can through a few students together with a partnership to raise funds, or to pay attention to the local government's entrepreneurship program for college students, these programs are funded, if the application down, you can alleviate the urgent need.
Environmental atmosphere and social relations graduates in the beginning of graduation, often lack of social experience and business experience, this time through the hometown or other contacts, join the industry associations, through which to understand the same industry information or related industries, learn to learn with the help of a variety of resources to get acquainted with the industry partners, to establish a wide range of cooperation, to enhance their own industry capabilities.
Courage and confidence courage is the temperament of a business, confidence is the character of a business, do not be afraid of failure and setbacks, just on the road will be slower, do not want to get to heaven in one step, one day to achieve millionaires, to be down-to-earth dry, by doing these small projects to find out the rules of the game of the entrepreneurship, do not ask for a big, fast, so the mindset is very important, to have the courage to also have confidence.
Student entrepreneurship market research preparation stage preparation stage is the basis of the entire market research, this stage of the preparatory work directly determines the success or failure of the entire survey activities, so, in this stage must be fully prepared to do a good job in the investigation of the activities of the preparatory work. Market research to do the main work of the preparatory stage includes the following aspects.
(1) clear survey objectives
For entrepreneurs, the main goal of the market survey is to understand the specifics of the market elements, for their own business industry, entrepreneurial projects, entrepreneurial mode of choice to provide the necessary decision-making reference. Of course, the goal of each entrepreneur may be different, but the goal is the precursor of action, entrepreneurs must be clear about their own survey objectives, the entire market research activities should be closely around the survey objectives, and only in this way, in order to ensure that we can really get a comprehensive and reliable basis for decision-making.
(2) selected the scope of the survey, the survey object
Survey is always within a certain range, at the same time, due to manpower, financial constraints, as well as to ensure the relevance and effectiveness of the survey, but also to determine the scope of the survey activities and specific objects. Market research can not be blindly like a needle in a haystack, but to choose a specific industry, entrepreneurial projects, entrepreneurial mode, the target customer in-depth investigation and analysis, in a specific range and the object to obtain relatively accurate results of the survey.
(3) Determine the survey method
Methods determine the results. Market research has a variety of methods, such as literature, questionnaires, interviews, observation, experimental methods, etc., each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and scope of application, in the preparatory stage of the survey, the investigator needs to be clear about the use of various methods, according to their own survey objectives and content to determine the appropriate method of investigation, or the use of one of them, or a combination of methods.
(4) other content
Market research is a comprehensive practical activities, need to be closely coordinated with all aspects of the survey preparation stage, in addition to the above preparatory work, you need to determine the method of collecting and analyzing the information, do a good job in the survey of the organization of the division of labor, the preparation of the survey budget, the arrangement of the survey time and so on.
Survey phase of the survey phase is the implementation of market research program, mainly in accordance with the preparatory stage of the survey program established by the survey plan, survey and investigation methods, data and information collection, specific implementation of the survey design of the ideas identified in the activities, which is the core of the entire market research process.
This stage is the only stage of direct contact between the investigator and the investigated, which, due to a variety of external factors may not be able to fully control the process of investigation, in order to successfully complete the investigation task, the investigator must investigate the activities of uninterrupted external coordination. Investigators in the investigation process should pay attention to the following two points: First, urgent reliance on the target areas, industries or units, and strive to obtain their support and help, rationalize the investigation tasks and processes, try to avoid or reduce the investigation activities to their normal work to bring about adverse effects; Second, close contact with all the subjects of the investigation, and try to obtain their understanding and cooperation, and will never jeopardize their interests, and where necessary, to provide them with the best possible means of investigation, to provide them with the best possible means of coordination. Under the circumstances, to provide them with the help they can.
Analytical stage of this stage is the main work of reviewing and organizing information, statistical analysis and thinking processing. Review of information is to investigate the text and digital information obtained from a comprehensive review, to remove the false and the true, to remove the rough and select the best. Eliminate false, wrong, missing, redundant information to ensure that the information is true, accurate and complete. Organize the information is the review of the information for preliminary processing, so that it is organized, systematized, and focused, concise reflection of the overall situation of the survey respondents.
Statistical analysis is the use of statistical principles and methods to study the quantitative relationship of the survey object, revealing the scale, structure, level and proportion of the relationship, reflecting the direction and trend of its development, and so on, to provide a reliable statistical basis for further processing of thinking.
Thinking processing is the use of logical thinking methods, review, organize the textual information and statistical analysis of data analysis and research, revealing the nature of the object of investigation and the development of the law and draw theoretical conclusions.
Compared with the investigation phase, the analysis phase of the work may be more intense and heavy, because whether the market survey results and the quality of the results depends largely on the work of this phase. So in a sense, the analysis of the information is more important than the collection, because the level of research often does not lie in the number of collection, but in the depth of analysis. So for the entrepreneur's market research, the analysis should be as objective as possible, excluding personal bias, if necessary, can be analyzed together with the third person involved in the operation, and even convert the angle to stand on the opposite side to analyze. Analysis should make the past and the status quo combined, from point to point, from static to dynamic, so as to find out its essence and law, and then make corresponding predictions to ensure that the analysis of the correctness of the conclusions.
Summary stage of the summary stage is the final stage of the social survey, this stage of the task is mainly to write a survey report, assessment, summarize the survey work.
(1) survey report
Survey report is a written expression of the results of the survey, must reflect the situation is true and complete, the analysis is objective and scientific, the conclusion is clear and accurate. Even if there are many possibilities in the future forecast, each possibility also requires a certain degree of certainty.
A complete investigation report should include the following five elements. ① Purpose of the survey: outlining the main objectives of the market survey, such as the intention to conduct a market survey on which issues; to understand what information, etc.. ② Scope of the survey: according to the target area of the business venture, in what scope of the survey, who is the target of the survey? At what time and place to conduct the survey? ③ Survey method: is it a comprehensive survey, a focused survey or a sample survey? Is the literature method, questionnaire method, interview method, observation method or experimental method or a combination of several methods mainly used? Which statistical method is used? ④ Investigation content: this part is the theme of the investigation report, including information, analysis, conclusions, etc., of which the conclusion is the focus of the report, through careful research and scientific analysis, so that the report has a certain degree of determinability. ⑤ Make recommendations: write the preliminary ideas formed after sorting, analyzing and judging into an alternative plan as a blueprint for the next business plan.
Entrepreneurs in the preparation of the investigation report, pay attention to the representativeness of the survey object, the number of extensive, pay attention to the investigation of competitors' customers; at the same time pay attention to the diversification of the acquisition of information, pay attention to the unfavorable situation and the collection of information, and try to find out the existence of the problem and the difficulties that may be encountered.
(2) assessment and summarization of the survey work and findings
The assessment and summarization of the survey work, including the assessment of the survey report, the application of the survey results and the summary of the survey work and so on. Through evaluation and summarization, the investigator should not only widely apply the existing survey results, but also seriously summarize the lessons learned from the survey, and seek ways to improve the survey work and methods, in order to lay a good foundation for future market research.
College student business plan a complete college student business plan generally consists of ten chapters with an appendix, respectively: executive summary; project background; product technology or service; market analysis; marketing strategy; company management (company strategy, management team, human resources, production organization, purchasing and supply, etc.); investment analysis; financial analysis; risk analysis; exit of venture capital and Appendix.
Executive summary it is the whole business plan is concentrated and the essence of the plan, covering the main points of the plan, the description should be concise, clear, objective, logical, so that people can see at a glance, in the shortest possible time to understand what you are doing.
Project background mainly describes the reasons why the project is proposed: what kind of industry are you going to enter? Evaluation of the basic characteristics of the selected industry features, describing the current situation of the industry and the problems that exist, the industry's competitive situation, the direction of the development of the industry, China's development of the industry's policy orientation.
Products, technologies and services mainly on the product technology (or service) to make a detailed description, the description should be accurate, but also easy to understand, so that non-professionals (investors, managers of other industries, etc.) can also see and hear.
Market analysis for product technology. In the field of application, market positioning and product positioning, market analysis, must focus on your target segments (re-segmentation) of the market and target customer groups, positioning should be accurate and clear. That is, you need to define where the target segments are, where is the market entry point? Market entry threshold, market characterization, the size of the target market (capacity), market share, growth rate; analysis of the main competitors in the target market segment and comparison of competitive advantages (qualitative and quantitative). For cultural creativity and service consulting category.
Marketing strategy of different products and technologies (services) for different customers in different markets will have different marketing strategies. According to the segmentation of the target market, the characteristics of the customer base and competitors and other analysis, after the target is determined, the development of targeted marketing strategy.
Investment (financing) analysis and financial analysis (forecast for the next 3-5 years) investment analysis includes: registered capital, equity structure and size (shareholders' contributions and proportion); total investment, source and application of funds. Investment assumptions. Operating income and cost forecasts, investment income (return) analysis: project sensitivity analysis, break-even analysis, payback analysis, payback cycle analysis, return on investment policy, and so on. Dynamic analysis of investment benefits: net present value method, internal rate of return method.
Financial analysis contains the main financial assumptions and explanations, financial indicator analysis mainly consists of projected operating income (sales revenue) and trend analysis, projected turnover (sales) analysis, DuPont financial analysis system, financial ratios analysis, analysis of the conclusion of the composition.
Company management of this part of the writing mainly from four aspects, the company's mission (purpose, vision); the company's overall strategy, strategic planning or strategic objectives and strategic implementation, the description of the company's core competitiveness; entrepreneurial team, professional knowledge, experience, experience, and other advantages of the complementary type, the division of labor is reasonable, and responsibilities are clearly defined; the company's management (according to the company's strategy, the target market and marketing plan) mainly describes Company site selection, organizational structure, plant and equipment arrangements, process and quality management, production planning (capacity expansion), human resources, compensation and incentives, procurement and logistics, corporate culture and so on.
Risk analysis and control into the target market will face the most important risks and the description of preventive measures. For example, "market risk, technology risk, management risk, financial risk, policy risk, import and export exchange risk" and so on.
The exit of risk capital is mainly the time and method of exit, such as registered capital does not have risk capital in the description is not necessary.
AnnexesAnnex part is to provide the necessary supplementary information for the business plan, do not have to put everything into the appendix, only those who can really enhance the body of persuasive information. Details+