technical specification for power distribution system of Beijing Olympic venues and supporting facilities

1. Basic principles for power supply and distribution setting of Olympic venues

1.1 Provisions of relevant design specifications for power supply and distribution of sports buildings

1.1.1 The provisions on power load classification and power supply requirements in Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings (JGJ/T16-92) are as follows:

Article 3.1.1 The power load shall be based on.

3.1.1.1 Class I load

(1) The interruption of power supply will cause personal injury or death.

(2) the interruption of power supply will have a significant political impact.

(3) interruption of power supply will cause great economic losses.

(4) interruption of power supply will cause serious disorder in public places.

for some special buildings, such as important transportation hubs, important communication hubs, state guesthouses, national halls and halls undertaking major state activities, national large-scale sports centers, and public places where a large number of people are often used for important international activities, it is a particularly important load.

the first-class load that will affect the normal work of real-time processing computers and computer networks or that will cause explosion, fire and serious poisoning after power supply interruption is also particularly important.

3.1.1.2 Secondary load

(1) The interruption of power supply will have great political impact.

(2) interruption of power supply will cause great economic losses.

(3) interruption of power supply will cause disorder in public places.

3.1.1.3 level 3 load

does not belong to level 1 and level 2 power load.

3.1.9 The power supply for the primary load shall meet the following requirements:

3.1.9.1 The primary load shall be powered by two power supplies, and when one power supply fails, the other power supply shall not be damaged at the same time.

when the primary load capacity is large or there is high-voltage electrical equipment, two high-voltage power supplies should be used. If the primary load capacity is not large, priority should be given to the second low-voltage power supply obtained from the power system or nearby units, and emergency generator sets can also be used. If the primary load is only for lighting or telephone stations, storage batteries should be used as backup power supply.

3.1.9.2 emergency power supply must be added for the particularly important load in the first-class load, in addition to the above two power supplies. In order to ensure the power supply to particularly important loads, it is forbidden to connect other loads to the emergency power supply system.

1.1.2 《 Code for Design of Sports Buildings JGJ31-2113 》 provides the following provisions on power load classification:

Article 1.1.7 Sports buildings shall be graded according to their use requirements, and shall comply with the provisions in Table 1.1.7.

Table 1.1.7 Grades of Sports Buildings

Article 11.3.1 The power load of sports buildings should be treated differently according to the use requirements of sports buildings, and should meet the following requirements:

1. Competition halls (fields), rostrum, VIP rooms, reception rooms, square lighting, timing and scoring devices, computer rooms and swimming pools above Grade A.

2. The load grade of electrical fire-fighting electrical equipment in sports buildings should be the highest load grade of the project;

in item p>3．1, the electrical equipment used in non-competition and the electrical equipment used in sports buildings below Grade B are Grade II.

1.2 Requirements of previous Olympic Games

According to the guidelines of Sydney and Athens Olympic Organizing Committee on the setting of power supply and distribution for hosting the Olympic Games, the quality and reliability level of power supply to loads are divided into the following three categories:

Important first-level power supply requirements for sports events? The interruption of power supply will directly affect the normal operation of competitions and broadcasts.

The secondary power supply requirements are particularly important for competitions. Interruption of power supply indirectly affects the Normal operation of competitions and broadcasts

What is the first-level power supply requirement for competitions? The interruption of power supply will not directly affect the normal operation of the competition and broadcast

Considering the above situation and combining with the domestic engineering design practice, the basic correspondence between the power load level of the Olympic Games competition venue as a super sports building and the load level specified in the specification (Table 1), Schematic diagram of power supply setting system (Figure 1-a, Figure 1-b and Figure 1-c) is as follows:

Table 1 Basic correspondence between the power load level of the competition and the load level specified in the specifications

Load classification related to the 2118 Olympic Games in China

Particularly important load, especially important first-class load

Particularly important second-class load (critical). Level-II Load Event Level-I Load < P > 1.3 Power Supply Requirements for Olympic Stadium of Power Company < P > In order to improve the construction quality of power distribution system of Olympic Stadium and supporting facilities and meet the high-level requirements of power supply for Olympic Stadium and supporting facilities, Beijing Electric Power Company has formulated a set of technical specifications, which are applicable to the design of power distribution system and the review of design drawings for all Olympic events in Beijing.

1) Firstly, the Olympic venues and supporting facilities are classified into

A categories: indoor stadiums, night stadiums, news centers, radio and television centers, and the headquarters of the Organizing Committee.

class b: outdoor stadium, athletes' village, reporters' residence, etc.

class c: training venues and other supporting facilities.

2) Different types of venues have different requirements for the electrical main wiring and operation mode of the distribution system

a.11kV primary main wiring should adopt single bus sectional wiring or ring wiring, and 1.4kV low-voltage main wiring should adopt single bus sectional wiring; Emergency buses should also be set for Class A venue loads.

the operation mode of p>b.11kV main power distribution room is that two (or multiple) power supplies are running at the same time, with sectional (contact) switches, and sectional circuit breakers are equipped with bus coupler for automatic switching and manual switching; The distribution room of 11kV meets the requirements of two or more power supplies, and there is no contact switch of 11kV.

C. in order to improve the reliability of power supply in the venues and ensure uninterrupted power supply, the Class A venues should be equipped with 11kV power supply closed-loop protection.

1.4 Temporary power supply and permanent power supply

Due to the distinctive short-term characteristics of the Olympic Games and its huge power load demand during the Olympic Games, if a permanent power supply system is set according to the power load demand during the Olympic Games, it will cause a lot of idleness and waste for the power supply and distribution system of fixed venues that rarely hold major international events after the Olympic Games, which will inevitably increase the one-time investment of venues and the operating expenses after the games.

According to the principle of running the Olympic Games diligently, the design of power supply and distribution system for Olympic competition venues should consider the distinction between temporary system and permanent system. This includes the configuration of permanent generator capacity and temporary generator capacity, the configuration of permanent transformer capacity and temporary transformer capacity, the configuration of electrical equipment quantity (such as sports lighting lamps), etc., and the division of power supply system between pure game-time load and pure post-game load and their mixed load must also be considered. In view of the above problems, the specific problems of different stadiums need further analysis before they can be comprehensively determined.

1.5 application of diesel generator

the usual design method in China is to use the form of mains electricity plus permanent diesel generator as cold standby for particularly important loads. According to the technical design manual of previous Olympic Games and its power supply principle, temporary diesel generators are usually used to supply power for important events during the Olympic Games, and their application methods can be summarized as follows:

generator standby operation mode (see Figure 2-a); Generator online operation mode (see Figure 2-b); Generator parallel operation mode 1, 2 (see figure 2-c); The generator is connected to the grid (note: according to the regulations of domestic power industry, the generator is not allowed to be connected to the grid).

During the peak period of power demand for the Olympic Games, temporary diesel generators are leased to supply power for important loads related to the games, while permanent generators only bear the permanent fire-fighting equipment and emergency lighting loads of the venues, which can greatly reduce the installed capacity of permanent generators in the venues, thus reducing the one-time investment and post-game operating expenses. However, it is still necessary to study and determine whether the permanent diesel generator should be used to supply power for some games-time and post-games loads in permanent venues, such as communication, network and technical systems of ordinary events, and how to realize the conversion after the games.

In addition, temporary diesel generators are not provided for the temporary venues of the Olympic Games, but only temporary diesel generators are provided as backup power sources for particularly important loads, fire fighting equipment and emergency lighting.

1.6 sports lighting power supply

Because the lighting of Olympic competition venues usually uses metal halide lamps as the light source, this light source may go out when the power conversion time is not 1, and once it goes out, it will take 11 minutes to cool down and light up again. In order to ensure that this kind of lamps can be lit without cooling, it is necessary to add an expensive thermal trigger device (its price is equivalent to that of lamps). Usually, it is more economical and effective to power the lighting fixtures of the venue by two (or more) independent power supplies, and the lamps of each power supply should be evenly distributed throughout the venue, so that when one power supply loses power, the entire venue can guarantee at least 51% of the normal illumination.

if the power supply of sports lighting in the venue is interrupted during the competition, it will directly affect the progress of the competition and broadcast, so the sports lighting load should be supplied according to the requirements of the particularly important first-class load of the competition. At the same time, the International Olympic Committee requires that 51% of the venue lighting must be powered by diesel generators to ensure the reliability of power supply. According to the experience of previous Olympic Games and the domestic power supply situation, we designed the power distribution system of sports lighting according to Figure 3, and set up two diesel generators, one of which was used as the main power supply to supply 51% of the lighting load during the competition to meet the needs of the International Olympic Committee.

Figure 3

2. Practical application

2.1 Load classification

The tennis center, hockey field, archery field and beach volleyball field in the Olympic Park all belong to super-class stadiums. According to the above load classification principle, all kinds of loads in the venue are summarized in Table 2, and all kinds of loads are designed according to their levels as shown in Figure 1 above.

Table 2 Load Classification Table

Sports lighting, podium, VIP room, reception room and square lighting, timing and scoring device, computer room, mobile and fixed communication room (car), sound reinforcement room, radio and TV broadcast, news photography power supply, central monitoring room, traffic monitoring command, fire control command room, radio and TV broadcast, etc. Fire-fighting equipment, emergency lighting, etc.

Critical warm-up area, award area, medical treatment, doping test, competition officials' office, rooms related to venue management and operation, venue communication center, loads related to security and safety inspection, registration center, etc.

Normal primary power load, air conditioning, big screen, catering outlets, locker rooms, toilets, etc. < The two power supplies work at the same time, which are spare for each other.

The Tennis Center is planned to be rebuilt after the Olympic Games to host the China Open Tennis Tournament. Therefore, the transformer and electrical equipment are designed according to the load requirements during the Games, and temporary equipment is not considered. However, in order to ensure the power supply during the Games-time, six diesel generators are still selected as emergency standby power supply for particularly important loads, of which 1 are permanent diesel generators and the other 5 are temporary generators during the Games-time.

In the power supply design of hockey field, archery field and beach volleyball field, 5 diesel generators, 2 diesel generators and 4 diesel generators are respectively designed as backup power supplies for related loads, all of which are temporary generators. This is mainly based on the following considerations:

1) The three venues are temporary venues, and they do not have excellent civil conditions for setting up permanent generators;

2) The three venues have the highest load level when hosting the Olympic Games. According to the principle of thrifty hosting the Olympic Games, setting up temporary generators can not only meet the power supply requirements of related loads during the Games, but also be very economical;

3) The power transformation and distribution equipment of the three venues adopts box-type combined substations, which are placed outside the main building, so it is more convenient to connect with the power transformation and distribution equipment by setting temporary generators;

4) Temporary generators were widely used as backup power supply in previous Olympic Games. Temporary generators have rich and successful operation experience in the history of the Olympic Games, and can be used as backup power supply for related games-time loads.

2.3 generators

The permanent generators in the Tennis Center are used to supply power for fire fighting, security (only permanent security equipment such as monitoring and access control in the venue, not temporary security facilities during the Games), fixed communication and lighting in the VIP area. Designed according to standby operation mode.

each venue has set up 1 diesel generators for sports lighting, which are temporary generators and designed according to online operation mode.

other temporary generators, as the third power supply for particularly important loads in the games, are designed in standby operation mode.

considering that the capacity of temporarily leased generators will not be too large, multiple generators are installed in each venue, and each generator is limited to less than 811kW.

2.4 power supply for sports lighting

referring to the power distribution mode of sports lighting loads in previous Olympic Games, the OCOG requires that 51% of sports lighting loads must be provided with dedicated diesel generators for power supply, in order to ensure at least half of the illumination in the venue to meet the requirements of Olympic games broadcasting, and the reliability of the diesel generators is guaranteed by the equipment sponsor. Therefore, in the sports lighting load distribution operation scheme designed this time, a special generator set is set to supply power for 51% of the sports lighting load. During the Olympic Games, the special generator is used as the main power supply for 51% of the sports lighting load, and the commercial power is used as the backup power supply for this part of the load. In addition, 51% of sports lighting load is supplied by commercial power as the main power supply, and non-dedicated generators as the backup power supply.

As the clear information about the sponsors of diesel generator sets has never been obtained from BOCOG during this design process, it is uncertain whether the reliability of the special generator set provided by the sponsors to supply 51% of the sports lighting load can be guaranteed. In view of this situation, the operation mode of the above scheme is slightly adjusted (Figure 4, note: the incoming switch and the contact switch are electrically interlocked, and the three switches are not allowed to be closed at the same time). In the scheme, two commercial power supplies for sports lighting load and four power supplies of two generator sets work at the same time, each bearing 25% of the sports lighting load, and 51% of the sports lighting load can still be kept uninterrupted when any two power supplies fail.

Figure 4

This article describes the principles of power supply and distribution for the sports venues hosting the Olympic Games, and its application in the Olympic tennis center, hockey field, archery field and beach volleyball field for readers' reference only.