Henan is located in the core of the Central Plains, the birthplace and settlement of the Chinese nation, with profound cultural heritage, which is not only reflected in tangible places of interest, but also permeated with a large number of intangible place names. Henan Province has 127 counties (cities). From the order of names, there are 4 in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, 38 in the Qin and Han Dynasties, 5 in the Three Kingdoms to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, 25 in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, 1 in the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties 12, 1 in the Ming and Qing Dynasties 1 1, 1 in the Republic of China 16 and 65,438 in New China. It can be seen that there are three peaks in the formation of county and city names in Henan Province, one is Qin and Han Dynasties, the other is Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the third is modern times. From the origin, meaning and evolution of names, they are all named for a reason. Or remember it, or aim at its position, or describe its shape, or send its meaning, or by production, or by life, or by dialect. They are closely related to Henan's geography, history, politics, military affairs, economy and transportation.

I naming related to water

Water is the source of human life. Since ancient times, when people choose settlements, the first consideration is to be close to water sources. There are 27 counties and cities in Henan named after water. The naming rules are as follows:

1. The relative position of Yin Zhi University and Jianghu is named according to the principle of "the north water is Yang and the south water is Yin". On the bank of Hebei, the counties and cities named after "the north of the water is the sun" are: Luoyang, north of Luoshui (now Luohe). Yiyang is in the north of Yishui. Puyang is in the north of Pushui. Wuyang, north of Wushui (now Li Sanhe). Ruyang is north of Beiru River. Huaiyang is north of Huaishui (now Huaihe River). Biyang is in the north of Bishui (now Biyang River). Tangyin county, named after the county seat is in the south of Tang, is named as "the Yin of the South Water". Runan county, named after the county seat in the south of Rushui (now Ruhe). And Neihuang County. When Gao Han established the county in the ninth year (former 198), it was customary to take the south of the Yellow River as the outside and the north as the inside. There is Waihuang County south of the Yellow River, so this place is named Neihuang County. Some counties and cities have changed their geographical environment because of the relocation of administrative offices, but their names still remain today. For example, Qinyang, named after the former county government (now Qinyang Village, Wuzhi County), is located on the north bank of Qinhe River, but the downtown area of Qinyang is south of Qinhe River. Xingyang was named after the county town north of Yingze (now Guxing, Mangshan District, Zhengzhou City) when the Qin Dynasty established the city. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Dazhacheng (now the old city in the urban area) was relocated, Yingze ceased to exist, and Xingyang has been in use ever since.

2. It is named because it is located at the birthplace of the river or near the river. Jiyuan, located in the county in the 16th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (596), was named after its origin in Jishui (now Jihe River). Luanchuan County, located in the Northern Song Dynasty, was named Luanchuan because Luanshui (now yi river) originated here, and later "Luan" was played as "Luan". Yichuan county, named after the county seat is located in the land of Yihe River. Luoning County was called Yongning County in Sui Dynasty, and was renamed Luoning in 19 14. The land is near Luoshui (now Luohe). Linying County was named after Linying River in the Western Han Dynasty. Huaibin County, named after 1952, is located on the bank of Huaihe River.

3. Named after the river that flows through the county. For example, there are Jun Shui in Xun County (Weihe River meets Qi Shui), Qi Shui in Qi County (now Qihe River), Fan Shui in Fan County in ancient times, Sui Shui in Sui County, Luohe River in Luohe City (where Sha and Li Rivers meet to form a bend, which was called Luohe in Qing Dynasty), Xichuan Water, and Tanghe in tanghe county.

Second, the naming related to mountains.

There are 1 1 counties and cities in Henan province named after mountains. Its name is:

1. The name directly uses the name of the mountain within the jurisdiction. For example, there are Pingdingshan in Pingdingshan City, Lushan in Lushan County, Queshan in Queshan County, Tongbai Mountain in Tongbai County and Fangcheng Mountain in Fangcheng County.

2. Take some mountain names of China. Luoshan county's name comes from Xiaoluo Mountain in China, Guangshan County's name comes from Fuguang Mountain in China, and zhongmou county's name comes from Moushan Mountain in China (now it is gone). Xinmi city, located in Mi County in the Western Han Dynasty, was named after Mi Mountain in the southwest of the county. 1995 When the county changed to the city, it was named Xinmi because it moved to the east.

3. The relative position of Yinshan Mountain in counties and cities. Nanyang, named after "South of Nanshan". Songxian County is named after its location in the west of Songshan Mountain, and both domestic and overseas are the starting points of Songshan Mountain.

Three. Naming related to topography, location and traffic

Henan is located in the Central Plains, with diverse terrain, important geographical position and convenient transportation. This geographical situation is also reflected in the origin and meaning of some county names. Gongyi city, named after its topography and geographical location, originally belonged to Gong County, and was changed to Gong Ming County on 199 1 because it has Songshan Mountain in the south, Yellow River in the north, Hulao Pass in the east, Heishiguan in the west and mountains and rivers all around. Shaanxi County, the hometown of Qin, was named because it was surrounded by mountains, and was divided into Shaanxi by Shi, Zhou and Zhao Gong. Xiayi County was renamed Xiayi County in Jin Dynasty, and Xiayi was named because of its low terrain. Located in Pingyu County of the Western Han Dynasty, it is said that in ancient times, people here built a four-wheeled vehicle called "Yu" according to the characteristics of flat terrain. Later generations called this place Pingyu, hence the county name. Yanling County is named after the city is above Tuling. Xixia County is named after its location at the mouth of Xixia, which is "the gateway to Qin and the throat of Chu". Sanmenxia is named after Sanmenxia in the Yellow River Gorge. The two counties named after land and water transportation are Jinmeng and Yanjin, both from the Yellow River Ferry. Tianjin is a ferry. Notes on Shangshu Gong Yu, located in Jin Meng, was called Jin Meng in ancient times. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zizyphus jujuba County was changed to Yanjin County, named after Yanjin, the original Yellow River ferry in China. Tongxu County, the road leading to Xuchang adjacent to Tokyo (now Kaifeng) in the Northern Song Dynasty, was named Tongxu. Zhumadian city was named after the establishment of a post office here in the Ming Dynasty.

Four. Naming related to place names

1. Named after ancient administrative regions, ancient cities, etc. There are 2 1 county and city names in Henan, which originated from ancient countries, prefectures, prefectures, cities and townships, and many of them came from this.