Yang Yang, Gan Pingsheng, Hu Guoyuan, Hu Yizhi

(Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510080)

Review

[Abstract] There is a close relationship between food packaging materials and food hygiene and safety, and the food packaging must ensure that the hygienic safety of the food packaged to be packaged in order to become assured food.

Because only qualified raw materials, food additives, packaging materials and containers to produce food that meets the quality and safety requirements. From the food hygiene inspection workers

perspective, talk about the health and safety of food packaging materials to help people pay attention to food hygiene and safety. Improve the consumer's ability to identify.

[Keywords] food packaging materials; national health standards; safety evaluation

With the improvement of living standards, people are paying more and more attention to food safety and health

health issues, and food packaging materials as an important means of ensuring food safety and hygiene

got a wider attention. From the sampling results of catering utensils, food packaging,

We found that the health and safety of food packaging materials can not be ignored:

Based on the food packaging and health and safety are closely related to, and there are more and more problems,

The study of the safety of food packaging materials is particularly important.

1 Types of food packaging materials and health standards

1.1 Types of food packaging materials

Currently, China allows the use of food containers, packaging materials, as well as for the manufacture of

Food tools, equipment (1) plastic products, a thermoplastic plastics, thermosetting plastics

materials such as serialized products, plastic additives; (2) rubber products, a natural rubber, thermosetting plastics

materials, such as series of products, and plastic additives; (2) rubber products, a natural rubber, rubber, rubber and other materials. (2) rubber products a natural rubber, synthetic

rubber, rubber additives and other serialized products; the first three kinds of organic materials used in the additives must

comply with GB ~ 85 a l994 "food containers, packaging materials with the use of additives and health standards

qualified" requirements; (3) food containers, interior coatings a room temperature film-forming coatings, high-temperature curing

film-forming and other Series of coatings and additives; (4) ceramics, enamel eating utensils; (5) aluminum products,

stainless steel eating utensils containers, iron eating utensils containers, glass eating utensils containers; (6) food packaging

paper and other series of products; (7) composite bags, a composite film, composite film bags

and other series of products.

1.2 The main health indicators of food packaging materials

The health indicators of food packaging materials mainly include: evaporation residues (acetic acid, ethyl

alcohol, n-hexane), potassium permanganate consumption, heavy metals, residual toxins and so on. In the food

containers, packaging materials, health standards, are to a variety of liquids to soak, and then measure

determine the migration of the relevant components of these liquids. The selection of solvents is based on the types of food containers and

packaging materials that are in contact with the food, and in accordance with the different physical states, the general use of

chemicals, such as distilled water (on behalf of neutral food), 4% ethanoic acid (on behalf of acidic

foods), 8% to 60% ethanol (on behalf of food containing alcohol), n-hexane (on behalf of

sheet grease food); after immersion, the liquid is soaked with a variety of liquids, then measured the migration of the relevant components of these liquids. ); consumption of potassium permanganate in the distilled water solvent after immersion or called

oxygen consumption (representing the amount of total organic substances and insoluble substances

migrating to the food); decolorization test; other tests according to the food contamination of arsenic, fluorine, heavy metals

(lead, cadmium, antimony, germanium, cobalt, chromium, zinc), organic matter monomer residues, lysates (chloroethylene

ene, benzene, benzene, zinc, etc.); and the amount of food contaminated by the food.

Ethylene, styrene, phenols, nitrile rubber, formaldehyde), additives, aging substances and other harmful elements

determined. Evaporated residue represents the amount of total soluble and insoluble substances

migrating into the food, and it reflects the possibility of folding out

residue, heavy metals, fluorescent substances, and residual toxins when the food pouch comes into contact with liquids during use. If such

food packaging bearing food, food will be contaminated to varying degrees, people eat

the toxins will enter the human body, long-term deposition in the internal organs, causing chronic poisoning.

Specifically, excessive heavy metals in the human body will weaken the body's immune function. Damage to the nervous,

hematopoietic and reproductive systems, especially for children and adolescents in the formative years of the body

Body and intellectual development to hinder the slowing down of even irreversible toxic side effects.

1.3 food packaging materials health standards

In terms of health standards, divided into raw materials and products of these two aspects. In terms of raw materials

Sanitary standards, there are GB9691 "food polyethylene resin health standards",

GB96 ~ (food polystyrene resin health standards) and GB9693 {food

polypropylene resin health standards". In these three resin standards. Polyethylene and poly

propylene use the largest amount of polystyrene use the least, and will be less and less. In addition, the country

In addition to these 3 resin standards, there are polyester (PET), nylon (PA) and other

resin health standards. In these raw material health standards, there are heavy metal content,

evaporation residue, potassium permanganate consumption, decolorization indicators and other provisions, while foreign indicators,

and aldehyde content, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and other heavy metal content, phenol and amine content and other provisions.

Health standards in terms of molded products, there are GB%87{Food Packaging with polyethylene

ene molding products health standards>, GB9688{Food Packaging with polypropylene molding products health

standards>, GB9689 "Food Packaging with polystyrene molding products health standards" and

G~683{Composite Food Packaging Bags Health Standards

Standard. The first three molded products health standards

qualified items, evaporation residue, potassium permanganate consumption, heavy metal content of specific

indicators, and the fourth "composite food packaging bag health standards", and increased the content of diamine

based toluene shall not be greater than 0.004 m L of the indicators. This is because in the food

packaging materials, adhesives in trace amounts of substances harmful to health, but also affects the health performance of the entire

system, and one of the diaminotoluene is a carcinogen, must be

must be strictly controlled. There is also a corresponding hygiene standard for molded products, the purpose of which is to

prevent the indiscriminate and abusive use of additives, that is, to better protect the direct packaging and contact

food materials with a high degree of health and safety performance.

In addition to the above health standard items and indicators, China's composite packaging materials

material standards, there is a residual solvent shall not be greater than 10 m kg of provisions, such as

such as the GBIO0(~ and GB10005, and recently increased the toluene residue of not

got to be greater than 3 m kg of the content. This is due to the packaging materials in recent years on the odor

and the potential toxicity of the requirements of more and more stringent, so, in addition to limiting its residual

quantity, and consequently the development of water-based inks and adhesives, alcohol-soluble oil

ink and adhesives, as well as solvent-free adhesives and other new products, the purpose of which is to safeguard the composite

materials with a higher degree of purity, hygiene and safety properties. In order to control the health and safety of food containers

and packaging materials, China has developed GB9685 {food containers, packages

packaging materials with auxiliary use of health standards", in this auxiliary health standards, regulations

defined additives, solvents, adhesives and other 17 categories, 58 kinds of specific substances in the name of the name of the

and the maximum amount of use. Similar to the FDA2l CFR&175.105 and the Japanese adhesive

"Autonomous regulations", listed in the field of food packaging can be used in the name of auxiliary materials

list and its maximum amount, in addition to which it is not allowed to use.

1.4 food packaging materials shall not be used in the toxic and hazardous substances

China shall not use phenolic resins for the production of food utensils, containers, production tubes

channels, conveyor belts and other packaging materials in direct contact with food; neoprene shall not be used to

make food rubber products, lead oxide, hexamethylenetetetramine, aryl amines, ot a mercapto imidazole.

Azoline, ot a mercaptobenzothiazole (accelerator M), disulfide dimethyl thiazole (accelerator

Advancement agent DM), ethylbenzene B a naphthalene amine (antioxidant J), p-phenylenediamine, styrene-substituted

phenol, antioxidant 124, etc., shall not be used in food rubber products; China's regulations

Rubber products for use in the food industry coloring agent should be iron oxide, titanium dioxide.

So in the appearance of the provisions of red, white two color rubber for the food industry, strong

tone black rubber products for non-food industry; containers of inner wall coating shall not be used

extremely toxic or highly toxic additives. Ceramics, enameled food utensils, metal, glass food containers

raw materials shall not use harmful metals, metal food raw materials mixed with lead, cadmium and other harmful metals

or other chemical poisons, the country had a galvanized iron containers to produce beverages, drinking

occurring food poisoning, the state provides that white iron is not allowed to be used in the food machinery part of the food

industry Application of most of the black iron; in high-grade glassware such as tall wine

cups often add lead compounds, which is more prominent in the glassware health problems; not

have to use waste recycled paper as raw materials for paper, because waste recycled paper, although after

decolorization is just ink pigment removal, and lead, cadmium, PCBs, etc., can still be left in the paper

to the food and hydrolyzed to generate carcinogenic 2,4 a diaminotoluene (TDA),

should comply with the GB9683-1988 (composite food packaging bag hygiene standards); food in the micro-

bio-excessive standards are also due to unqualified Packaging materials, containers, especially

quality is not hygienic and safe paper packaging supplies, leather, natural rubber, wood and other materials can

easy to cause food, especially liquid food mold (fungal) contamination problems.

2 foreign health and safety management of food packaging materials

Europe and the United States developed countries food packaging safety management has its own characteristics, but there are some

*** the same point:

2.1 Scientific legislation

First of all, legislation, law enforcement, the judiciary should be separated from the right to ensure that the legislative decision-making

scientific, transparency and public participation. The basis of U.S. federal and state (and in France, the

provinces) laws is rigorous, flexible, and scientific, and both federal and state laws

provide that the food production and packaging industry has a legal

responsibility to produce safe food in accordance with legal obligations. The federal government, states, and local governments have complementary and internally independent responsibilities in regulating food and

food processing by law.

2.2 Enforcement and Justice

The Constitution gives law enforcement, the legislature, and the judiciary their respective responsibilities, and the law enforcement, legislative, and judicial

agencies all have responsibilities in the national food safety system. Congress

, as the legislature, enacts and promulgates statutes to ensure food safety; it also authorizes law enforcement branches

to carry out these statutes, and these law enforcement branches may carry out the statutes by enacting and enforcing

regulations. When disputes arise over the enforcement of statutes and guidelines, the judiciary

makes impartial decisions. In the United States, laws, decrees, and presidential executive orders form

a complete system to ensure openness and transparency to the public.

2.3 Five Principles

Generally speaking, the food packaging safety system follows the following five guiding principles to build

establishment: food safety regulations and decision-making is based on science; the government has a duty to enforce the law impartially; only safe and healthy food can be sold in the marketplace; and manufacturers,

distributors, importers, and others must comply with the above principles or bear the responsibility. others must abide by these principles or be held liable

; and the process of making laws and regulations is transparent and open to the public.

2.4 International Cooperation

In the U.S. and France's food packaging safety systems, international cooperation and science-based safety prevention and risk analysis are the key foundations of national food safety policies and decisions

. This is a food safety approach

needle that has long been implemented in the United States and France. In terms of cooperation, on the one hand, through cooperation with international organizations, such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

FAO, etc., to solve technical problems, emergency problems, and food safety incidents; and on the other

side, through the cooperation of specialists within the governmental agencies and the consulting or cooperating with other scientists

, for the purpose of the national food safety policy and decision-making, and for the purpose of the national food safety policy and decision-making. p>

Cooperation to provide technical and scientific recommendations to regulators; emphasis on early warning systems for food

pathogens; and empowerment of regulatory agencies to revise regulations and guidelines in response to technological developments,

updated knowledge, and consumer protection needs.

In order to effectively implement the decree on food safety system and to ensure that food packaging safety

has a high degree of public trust, developed countries in Europe and the United States have set up corresponding management

institutions, such as the French National Certification Committee, the National Commission for Labeling Accreditation CNLC, the Ministry of Health

Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Research Institute of Specialty Products; the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Administration

(FDA), the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

(APHIS), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other institutions and organizations, which have assumed the primary responsibility for protecting the safety and health of consumers

.

3 measures to strengthen the health management of food packaging materials

3.1 Accelerate the development of health standards for food packaging and the revision of safety regulations

Europe and the United States developed countries is the world's development of food packaging safety regulations of the pioneers,

After more than 100 years of development, the completion of a perfect food packaging safety management system.

China's food packaging materials also have the corresponding laws and regulations and health standards, such as "China

People's **** and the State Food Sanitation Law", "food plastic products and raw materials management office

Law", "food rubber products health management methods", "ceramic containers of food hygiene management

management methods", "enamel containers hygiene management methods" and so on. Measures" and so on. As some food packaging

packaging health standards were developed in the last century, relatively few test items, for many

many new products due to the lack of appropriate food standards, the corresponding test index requirements to

and the corresponding test method standards, so that some food packaging materials (including basic materials

materials, adhesives, inks) in the hidden harmful components can not be controlled. The harmful ingredients hidden in some food packaging materials (including basic materials, adhesives, and inks) are not controlled. According to the traditional

process to manufacture out of the food packaging will have additives inside the components, such as antioxidant

chemicals, benzene, toluene and other harmful solvents, although the vast majority of them in the

manufacturing process volatilized, but a small amount of solvents will be left in the composite film between the film, along with the time

the time passes, the film from the surface of the infiltration into the food, so that the deterioration, flavor, increasing the food

insecurity factors. In the composite packaging materials, in addition to resins, additives, and

very widely used inks and adhesives, there is no separate health standard

qualification, there is no national unified product standards, only the production of various enterprises, "enterprise

standard," which needs to be taken seriously and do a good job in a timely manner and the relevant research work.

3.2 Strengthen food packaging materials, including its raw materials inspection and supervision

Strengthen the inspection and supervision of food packaging. Inspection and supervision work to do the gate

Forward, to prevent unqualified food flow into the market, endangering society. Ensure that food safety

All quality, to the majority of consumers a hygiene, safety, environmental protection, convenience, beautiful food

Packaging.

[References]

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Jiang Preventive Medicine, 1999,(11):29-31.

[2]He Dongqin. Analysis of the impact of packaging materials on food safety[J]. Journal of Handan Vocational and Technical College,2004,17(1):41-44.

[3]GB9685-1994. Hygienic Standard for the Use of Food Containers and Packaging Materials with Auxiliaries[S].

[4]Song Jiechen, Zhu Qiang, Yu Xiaoying, et al. Discussion on Hygienic Standards for Paper Food Containers and Packaging Materials[J]. China Public ****Hygiene, 1999, 15(8):48-5O.