Major listed companies in the industry: SF Holdings (002352. SZ), Jingdong Logistics (HK:026 18), Sinotrans (60 1598), Suning.cn(002024). SZ) and HNA cold chain (83 1900).
The core data of this paper: the regional situation of cold storage capacity, the total amount of cold storage in China, and the per capita cold storage capacity of all countries in the world
Cold storage is the core link of the whole cold chain.
The infrastructure of cold chain logistics of agricultural products covers warehousing, transportation, distribution, retail and other links. The lack of cold chain facilities in any of these links will greatly reduce the quality of products. Among them, the core key link includes the design and construction of cold storage. According to the actual demand, cold storage can be roughly divided into large storage, medium storage, small storage and micro storage. Small and medium-sized cold storage is generally used in cold chain terminals such as supermarkets and farmers' markets, or to store freshly harvested agricultural products at the starting point of cold chain in the fields.
The new national cold storage design code will be implemented by the end of this year.
Modern standard cold storage has a steel frame structure, which is convenient for forklift operation. Cold storage mainly consumes electricity. In order to reduce energy consumption, cold storage generally adopts materials with good thermal insulation performance and material preparation equipment with low energy consumption, and adopts computer system to adjust temperature. In order to realize the whole process of uninterrupted chain, the cold storage should also include basic functional areas such as storage area, distribution processing area, and special functional areas such as pre-cooling area and thawing area according to customer needs.
Because of its strong professionalism, the design of cold storage needs cold storage engineers to complete. Engineers should not only consider the specialty, practicality and economy of cold storage when designing cold storage, but also pay attention to its safety. There are a large number of cold storage accidents caused by cold storage design every year, so the cold storage design must follow certain norms. According to the announcement issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on the national standards "Design Standard for Cold Storage" and "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Cold Storage", the number of the national standard "Design Standard for Cold Storage" is GB50072-202 1, which will be implemented from February 2002 1 to1,and the number of the national standard "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Cold Storage" is GB.
Uneven distribution of cold storage resources in China
China's cold storage resources are seriously unbalanced. Domestic cold storage is mainly built in coastal areas, while the number of cold storage in central and northwest China is extremely scarce. These places have low transportation rate, short shelf life and great food safety hazards. In China, the loss of fresh food, especially fruits and vegetables, is very serious. One of the reasons is that the cold chain circulation rate is only 19%.
According to the statistics of China Cold Storage Alliance, in 2020, the largest cold storage capacity in China will be in East China, with a total capacity of 654.38+08.605 million tons, accounting for 37.8% of the total cold storage capacity in China. Followed by Central China, the cold storage capacity is 7.527 million tons; The third place is North China, with a cold storage capacity of 7310.2 million tons.
The construction of cold storage has grown rapidly in recent years.
With the introduction of the national policy to support the development of cold chain logistics, cold chain logistics projects have been launched one after another, and the allocation of resources related to various cold chain logistics has been further improved. In 2020, under the influence of the epidemic, governments at all levels realized the importance of cold chain logistics in ensuring basic people's livelihood. Developing cold chain logistics industry and promoting the layout of cold chain logistics infrastructure became the development focus of many local governments.
With the gradual deepening of the new policy of cold chain infrastructure, the infrastructure and service capabilities at both ends of cold chain logistics and circulation links have been further improved, and gradually settled in the direction of systematization and systematization. According to the forecast of China IOT Cold Chain Committee, the capacity of cold storage in China will exceed 70.8 million tons (equivalent to 654.38+77 million cubic meters) in 2020, with a year-on-year increase of 654.38+076.5438+0%. In recent years, the capacity scale of cold storage has maintained a rapid growth trend.
The per capita cold storage capacity is far below the international level.
According to IARW data, in 20 18 years, the per capita storage area in the United States reached 0.49 m3/ person, that in Japan was 0.32 m3/ person, and that in China was only 0. 13 m3/ person. The per capita cold storage capacity only accounted for14 of that in the United States, reflecting that there is still room for growth in the domestic cold storage construction scale. In 2020, Lineage ranked first in the United States, with a cold storage capacity of 50.66 million cubic meters, almost half that of China. The highest ranked cold chain logistics in China is only 2.74 million cubic meters, which is only 1/20 of paradise, and the allocation level of cold chain resources needs to be further strengthened.
—— The above data refer to the Analysis Report on Market Foresight and Investment Strategic Planning of China Refrigeration Industry by Foresight Industry Research Institute.