Aisingiorro Duncheng, a friend of Cao Xueqin, wrote a poem "In memory of Cao Xueqin": "Shaoling was once given to General Cao, who was once called the son of Wei Wu. After you were a general, you blocked the penghaotun in this ring. ..... Don't play the diners' cymbals, and don't knock on the door of the rich. It is better to write a book in Huangye Village than to have a cold cup. " Among them, there are three places to use Du Fu's poems: one is to quote Dan Qing Yin; Then use the third "Autumn Rain Sigh", "Chang 'an Buyi who compares the numbers, locks the balance door and keeps the ring blocked, the old man does not grow Artemisia, and the young child walks through the storm without worry"; Finalize the famous sentences in "Twenty-two Rhymes for Wei Zuocheng". Duncheng also has a "Gift to Cao Xueqin", "The wormwood is old and not beautiful, and the whole family often eats porridge and wine on credit. Hengmen's secluded alley is worried about the rain today, and the museum is ruined and the old home is dreamed. The company keeps customers drunk, and the infantry looks askance at people. Who is willing to eat with pig liver, and look forward to the sunset in the West Mountain every day. " Although this poem is presented to Cao, if it is regarded as a comment on Du Fu, why not? In addition to the similar difficulties (only the white eyes and the graceful manner of eating clouds seem to be different from Du Fu's), Du Fu often uses Du Yi, so-called "Herba Artemisiae Argyi", "wine is always on credit" (where wine debts are common), "Hengmen" (the door is locked and the ring is blocked) and "Today's rain" (Du Fu's Autumn Story: "Always a guest of chariots and horses, the old rain comes. Duncheng's Song of Drinking with Sabre: "Unload the golden mink for whale to suck", use the Song of Eight Immortals in Drinking: "Drink like a long whale to suck a hundred rivers", and use the poetry of "A short song to Wang Lang Si Zhi" at the end of the same poem: "If you want to pull out the plug, you might as well sing Wang Lang". Also, Duncheng's "Holding Cao Xueqin" is "forty bleak and too thin", and Li Bai's "Play for Du Fu" is "too thin", and Cao Bidu is also being compared.

It can be seen that there are similarities between Cao and Du. According to the relevant materials, the author makes a slight comparison as follows:

(1) Serving Confucianism as an official's home, calligraphy is a scholarly family. Du Fu's family history is clearly written, and "Biography of Old Tang Books and Wenyuan" says: "Great-grandfather followed the art, and his position ended in the order of Gong, and his ancestors judged that he was a foreign minister in the final catering department, and his father was idle, and he finally served the heaven." Although the official has never been prominent, he is not an outsider. Du Fu described himself in "Into the Carving Fu Table": "Since I forgive you first, I have expected to surrender, and I have served Confucianism as an official, but I have not fallen into the vegetarian business. The ancestors died, so Yuan Wailang, a member of the Shangshu Food Department, tried to judge the words, wrote essays in the dynasty of Zhongzong, and looked up to the house where books were collected, so he was a bachelor in the world and learned from it today. " Du Fu's poems "Poetry is my family affair" ("The Birthday of Zongwu") and "My ancestor's poems are ancient" ("To Brother Lu Qiu, a Shu monk") are quite complacent about Naizu's achievements in poetry. Du fu's early wisdom ("thinking at the age of seven is strong, and singing the phoenix." Nine-year-old books are full of characters, and they are inseparable from their good family education. Du Fu's poetic art undoubtedly laid a foundation under the influence of family style in his early years. When he was a teenager, he was arrogant and arrogant. "When he was dissolute in Qi and Zhao, Qiu Ma was quite frivolous" ("Strong Tour"), which cultivated his chivalrous heart of worrying about his country and people all his life.

Du Fu has been engaged in poetry creation all his life. Even though he was down and out before his death and lonely behind him, Du Fu's life experience was spread with beauty because of the lofty position of poetry at that time and in later generations. Although Cao Xueqin is well-known among friends for his poems thousands of years later, he pursues the way of novels all his life. Novels are not valued by literati, so they can't be elegant. Coupled with the special political reasons of Cao Shi family, Cao Xueqin's family has been submerged for more than 211 years. In 1921, Hu Shi wrote Textual Research on a Dream of Red Mansions, which made the dusty and scattered Cao family stories public for the first time, and then many red scholars climbed and picked them up. Relatively speaking, the Cao family is more powerful than the Du family. Xue Qin's great-grandfather Cao Xi's wife was actually Kangxi's wet nurse, so after Kangxi came to power, he was compassionate to Xue Qin's grandfather Cao Yin and allowed him to weave for Jiangning for twenty years (1692-1712). After Cao Yin's death, Cao? Cao Zhaoye was re-elected. It was not until the fifth year of Yongzheng that "the family died." Cao Men's three generations were treated with "mighty emperor's kindness", which was a great disparity with the Du family. Although this was a very glorious thing, it also coincided with the end of Qin Keqing's prediction that "if you climb high, you will fall heavy". Cao Yin, as the most prominent generation of the Cao family, was not a "scholar". Cao Yin was a man of elegant literature, a famous collector, proofreading ancient books, printing fine editions and doing some elegant things. Although Cao Xueqin was not born when Cao Yin died (1712), the decline of his family was after Xue Qin was 13 years old (according to the year of birth in 1715). After all, he had the opportunity to enjoy the life of a noble son in his youth, such as "being gracious, boasting, drinking lavishly, educating his brothers and sisters, and talking with teachers and friends". His superb literary skills in A Dream of Red Mansions are certainly related to his hardships in life, but they are also inseparable from the inheritance of his family studies in his youth.

(2) poets come from the last days, but they love this life. Although both Du and Cao were born in a family of official literature with high social status, they were born at an inopportune time. After a long period of political manoeuvring, their family had reached the "end of life" when the poet was born. The eschatological thought is rooted in the concept of "home country". In ancient China, the social structure with the family as the basic unit attached great importance to the continuity of the family and the rise and fall of the family, but "honor and disgrace have been repeated since ancient times, so how can human resources be constant" (the thirteenth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions). No family can always be safe, even the royal family is no exception. The concept of eschatology generally contains two meanings: one refers to the end of the era, official corruption and social darkness, which is a sign of eschatology; At the end of the family, the personnel were decadent and the family was rotten, falling from a high position to the bottom.

Du Fu and Cao Cao lived in different "end times". Du Fu was not only born in the last days of his family, but more importantly, he coincided with the last days of society. The decline of his family is closely related to the decay of the times. Although Xuanzong was known as a wise master, it was only from the Kaiyuan period to the late Tianbao period that he was very old and thought that the world was peaceful, and he was born with the heart of enjoyment. In addition, it coincided with the stunning beauty Yang Yuhuan, so he spoiled the beauty in the deep palace and authorized it to be handled by a traitor, which eventually led to a great disaster. In the last days, the world was scattered, the warlords were arrogant, the state apparatus showed people, and the people were ruined. Du Fu was born here, and personally felt the political hardship of the collapse of the mountain tombs. Du Fu entered Chang 'an in the fifth year of Tianbao (AD 746) to seek development opportunities, but his eyes were sad. Royal banquets are extravagant, and corrupt officials are rampant. After ten years of hardship, nothing was achieved. From the family's point of view, as far as his father was concerned, his family was in poverty and decline, and a county magistrate could not find political support in the tide of prevailing family style and comparing wealth at that time. Without the protection of high officials and nobles, Du Fu had to sell himself to high officials and even the emperor by begging. The double decline of society and family caused Du Fu to become "incredibly successful" in a strong desire. Fall ",this is really" smart and ambitious, born in the last days "(Tanchun judgment).

Cao Jiading flourished during the reign of Kangxi, so it should be said that he was not in the last days of society. As we all know, in the early Qing Dynasty, after nearly a hundred years of conquering and cutting vassals, it had entered the era of so-called "prosperity and prosperity" during the reign of Kangxi. At the end of Kangxi period, the confrontation between Han and Manchu has obviously faded, and social stability, economic development and folk music have their place. However, since the rise of the Cao family is the favor of Kangxi, with Kangxi's abandonment of the world, the Cao family will inevitably be a blessing for a curse. Behind Kangxi, Yongzheng gained the throne by bloody means, that is, he severely criticized the old minister of Kangxi. It was in the early years of Yongzheng that the Cao family was robbed of their property for civil and economic reasons such as a "postal kiosk harassment" case. In fact, its essence was political persecution in the process of imperial power alternation. Therefore, the last days of the Cao family are different from the last days of the Du family. The last days of the Cao family refer to the decline of the Kangxi regime, and the Yongzheng regime took its place. The Cao family, who was born with the Kangxi regime, survived in the early years of Yongzheng, which is the last days of this family. Cao Xueqin experienced such a violent decay of his family at an early age, which was the real untimely birth. Since Du Fu was born in the last days, it is not surprising that his poetry level is no matter how high it is, but it is not valued by contemporary people. Although the Tang Dynasty was known as the golden age of classical poetry, at that time, the artistic value of poetry was not necessarily the embodiment of the highest value of poetry. Only after historical elimination could the artistic value be finally positioned. There were many non-artistic factors that attached importance to all works of art at that time. In the Tang Dynasty, the origin of the poet, the scope of the poet's friends, who appreciated the poet and the official function of the poet's works were important factors for the popularity of his works. Du Fu's friends are mostly frustrated, without the help of noble people (the so-called "Li Yong's seeking knowledge and William Wang's wishing to be neighbors" has no practical effect), and he has not achieved fame because of his poems. Therefore, despite the author's hard work and solitary pursuit, his works have been neglected for hundreds of years. Du Fu's poems were still like this in the era of poetry, not to mention Cao Xueqin's ignorance of the times and his whole life in novel creation. A Dream of Red Mansions was widely copied before the author's death. Later, "every copy made by a busybody is worth tens of gold in the temple market" (preface to Cheng Jia). Although many dignitaries have been interested for a long time, they may not dare to read it. In the afternoon, Hong Ri criticized Yong Zhong's "Hanging Snow Qin's Three quatrains": "Dream of Red Mansions is not a novel handed down from ancient times, but I don't want to see it for a long time, for fear that it will hinder the language." Therefore, although A Dream of Red Mansions can "spread like wildfire", it failed to win the author's reputation before his death, but made his life experience "lost without examination" and lost in obscurity.

(3) From life to art: poverty, wine, tears and poetry. It is the conventional way for ancient literati to succeed and the axiom that literature and art can finally achieve a wonderful world to convert to poetry because of the hardship of life. Du and Cao can be regarded as two very similar models. Poverty is a real shortcoming, and literati often make up for it by expressing their embrace and being cynical. The so-called poverty, not only refers to the poverty in life, but also refers to the lack of talent, wandering in the rivers and lakes, the future is bleak, and the end is poor. Du Fu began to feel that life was difficult and the realization of his ideal was slim after he spent his teenage years. Since then, the poet has died in poverty and poverty. Cao Xueqin suffered from the defeat of his family, and has completely sunk into the lower class. Poor and epigenetic sorrow, "how to relieve sorrow? Only Du Kang! " In the suffering of poverty, wine has become a real "bosom friend". Du Fu, unlike Li Bai, is not good at binge drinking, but he wrote "Song of Eight Immortals in Drinking" to praise and reward good drinkers. There are countless poems about drinking in Du Fu's poems. There are more than a dozen poems in Volume 9 of Du Gongbu Collection, the yuelu edition of Four Notes, which are used continuously for drinking: sober up, breeze in, listening to poems and quiet nights. (Nine of "Ten Poems of Traveling with General He in the Forest with Zheng Guangwen") Who laughs at dancing in front of the lamp and sings after being drunk? (ditto 11) I am afraid that I will not be able to swim, and I will be at a loss. Who can be more restrained? Getting drunk is a career. ("Du Wei Zhai Shou Sui") There is no plan to go back to the boat, and it is difficult to avoid alcohol. ("Banquet with Yu County Yuanda Shaofu?" There are many banquets in the clear autumn, and I am trapped in the fragrant mash all day. ("Cuifu Mashan Pavilion Banquet Collection") Poems to pick up Cuidian, wine to watch Yunting. ("To Academician Zhang Si") Fine grass is said to be sitting on the side, and fragrant mash is lazy to sell again. ("Drinking with Li Jinwu") I lost my literary friends and knew nothing about selling wine. ("Give a High Face") When the wine is full, poetry is flourishing, so is Li Bai, and Du Fu is no exception. However, Du Fu seems to be moderate in drinking, not pretending to be crazy by drinking, but savoring it carefully, with a mature and mellow style. Therefore, his poems are also solemn and dignified, and they are fully fermented and sealed for years. It is quite different from Li Bai's high-spirited drink full of juvenile feelings. In contrast, when Cao Xueqin was in poverty, he was broad-minded and thirsty for wine, but he did not show the color of poverty. Lu Che He Zhong buried Liu Ling. (Duncheng's "Holding Cao Xueqin") Yan Shi's elegy wine is easy to drink. (Dunmin's "Talking about old things after drinking, feeling a growing sentence") Selling paintings to pay for restaurants. (Dunmin's "Gift to the Qin Garden") Drunkenness is like a pen. (Dunmin's Painting Stone on the Qin Garden) His humanity was liberal, he drank well, and he was good at poetry and painting. He died before the age of 51. (Zhang Yiquan's "Preface to the Layman who Hurts Qinxi") Cao's peers often compare him to Ruan Ji and Liu Ling, that is to say, his drinking has the demeanor of a celebrity in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and he has the chic of a person who sees through the world of mortals. If Du Fu is an old wine, then Cao Xueqin will be regarded as a fairy wine. Poor and dependent on wine to pour, worry to the depths or wine to hearty, often "tears like dumping." Du Fu is very good at crying in his poems. He inherited Qu Yuan's crying method of "taking a long breath to hide his tears and mourning the hardships of the people's lives". A Du Fu poem is not only a history of poetry, but also a history of pain and tears. He cried for frustrated people in history: "but before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since", "sadly looking across a thousand autumns, one shower of tears, melancholy in different epochs, not at the same time"; His old friend who died in tears: "My people cried in solitary graves, but the Southern Dynasties prevented them from returning" (The Second Poem of Eight Mournings), "No matter what the wind and rain are, there are many tears in the rivers and lakes" (Crying for Li Shangshu); When crying: "Shaoling Yelao swallowed his voice and cried" (Ai Jiang Tou), "where petals have been shed like tears", "news at this far western station! The north has been recaptured!, at first I cannot check the tears from pouring on my coat", "Those who sigh the world with sticks and quinoa, whose tears burst into the air and returned to their bald heads" (The tallest building in Baidicheng), "Singing and sighing, four tears are vertical and horizontal" (The third in Qiang Village); Crying for relatives: "but wind and dust from sea to sea bar me from my brothers, and I cannot help crying, I am so far away" ("Wild Hope"), "when shall we lie again on our screen, watching this bright light with no more tears?" ("Moonlight Night"), what a "and the sound of their sorrow goes up to the clouds"! Tears flowed freely because of the depth of pain, so Du Fu made no secret of his tears, because he suffered too many misfortunes and experienced the bitterness of the world.

Cao Xueqin's life experience is unknown, but since his friends say that he has the demeanor of Wei and Jin Dynasties, it seems that he should not cry. He should be arrogant, but he is not. In the first time of A Dream of Red Mansions, the author confessed, "The paper is full of absurd words and a handful of bitter tears." Book critics also believe that "those who can solve the problem will have bitter tears and cry into this book." On New Year's Eve, the book was not finished, and Qin died of tears. " In his works, the author actually designed an unprecedented "tears-returning" marriage, which sounds unheard of, but if we look at real life a little, the theory of tears-returning is not so abrupt. It is actually just a concentrated image of life suffering and love tragedy.

Poverty, wine, tears and poetry are a routine, and genius also comes from this routine. However, this seemingly scenic thoroughfare shapes and inspires people in different ways. Talented poets can often turn ordinary things into miracles and build profound things from the simple to the profound, and in the meantime, they must rely on their different personality differences and subjective efforts.