Chinese garden landscape design concepts and techniques
With the development of the world's cultural diversification, the Chinese landscape design of the times, not only to accept the connotation of the traditional classical culture, but also to integrate the modern cultural elements, to modern people's aesthetic needs to create things rich in traditional flavor. Below I have prepared an article about Chinese garden landscape design, welcome to read.
First, the historical origin of Chinese landscape design
The history of ancient Chinese gardens in China can be said to have a long history, according to documentary records, as early as in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the prototype of the garden "囿", and then the Chinese garden culture along with the whole of the Chinese nation *** with the development and prosperity of the entire Chinese nation, through the generation period, the transition period, the heyday, maturity, maturity of the late five periods, it can be said that the development of classical Chinese gardens throughout the development of the entire Chinese nation's course of development, is an integral part of the spiritual culture of the Chinese nation. Ancient Chinese society has a strict hierarchical system, gardens are generally privately owned, gardeners in addition to the royal family are generally have a certain economic strength of the rich and powerful, they respect Confucianism, but also by Taoism, Buddhism and other aspects of cultural influences, through their own absorption and integration of the formation of their own values of outlook on life, as well as personal feelings in the form of gardens and landscapes to show out. Confucianism is China's traditional thought, for the ancients have far-reaching influence, it honors the "great joy and heaven and earth and", "the benevolent man joy mountain, the wise man joy water", in the art of landscape gardening is manifested in the garden system within the contradictory factors in the form of a holistic system to establish a harmonious and united and rich in change. The establishment of a harmonious and united and rich in changes in the balance of the relationship, while focusing on the construction of water features and rocks to reflect the owner's noble and elegant mood. Taoist doctrine puts forward the point of view of "human law of the earth, the law of the earth, the law of the sky, the law of the sky, the law of nature", which has been refined into the gardening principle of "revering nature, learning from nature". Buddhist "a sand a world, a flower a paradise," the idea of small in the big for the development of landscape gardening techniques has a far-reaching impact. These traditional cultural schools in the process of their own development is also affecting the development of Chinese gardens.
Second, the Chinese garden landscape design concept
In recent years, exotic design began to prevail in China, many residential and commercial areas are used in Europe and the United States and other countries of the design style, the traditional Chinese landscape design has been challenged. Different from the European and American design rules, free, unrestrained style, the basic concept of Chinese landscape garden design is to respect nature, the law of nature, reverence for nature, from nature to get design inspiration, to the local natural conditions as a basis, the design of the landscape to be in the investigation of the surrounding architectural and environmental characteristics of the design of the composition of the design, at the same time in the design of the overall consciousness, the layout of the attractions to be subordinate to the overall needs, whether it is planting or false planting. Whether it is the planting of plants or the construction of wigwam pavilions and corridors should be clear that the relationship between the main and the main scene to serve, in what kind of environment to do what kind of design, to realize the harmony and unity of the surrounding environment and the master's hobbies, for the owner of the residence to create a healthy and comfortable architectural environment.
People are the pursuit of beauty, appreciate the beauty, feel the beauty of things. Landscape design is a kind of practical art, to meet people's material needs and spiritual needs at the same time, in order to let people use the convenience at the same time, but also to let them feel the artistic atmosphere, to obtain spiritual pleasure. Chinese landscape design follows the principle of people-oriented, on the basis of the original ecological architecture, landscape, regional culture organically integrated into nature, and then grow with nature to become part of the overall environment, guiding people to get close to self-heating, return to nature.
Three, Chinese landscape design features
Chinese landscape features can be summarized by the words "natural, remote and ethereal", the pursuit of natural and higher than natural, to the beauty of the implicit, pay attention to the feelings in the landscape, to the object than the moral, the natural scenery as an object of aesthetic view, as an object of aesthetic, as a natural landscape, as a natural landscape, as a natural landscape, as a natural landscape, as a natural landscape. The natural scenery as an aesthetic object is regarded as a symbol of the beauty of character, spiritual beauty and personality, and the pursuit of natural interest, such as often planted in the courtyard, bamboo, magnolia, white pine, plums, peonies and other very traditional characteristics of the plant to reflect the elegant atmosphere of the owner's life.
Chinese classical garden gardeners to literati scholars and artists mostly, the process of garden construction is also the process of expressing their personal feelings, sense of value, aesthetic process, they create a "second nature" of the landscape as a carrier of their own spiritual and emotional support. Therefore, they consciously use the rhythmic beauty of literature in the design in the construction, trying to build a poetic beauty of the landscape, in the construction of the garden to create only can only be understood not to say, 'the beauty of the mood, will be limited to the expansion of the garden space for the infinite feelings of the spirit, to achieve the perfect blend of love and scenery, meaning and image, hidden and show, to give the garden to the vitality and feelings. Therefore, in Chinese gardens, buildings can be built adjacent to natural rocks and even embedded in them, or built near the water, or use the original appearance of the trees without modification to show the beauty of nature.
The design effect of the Chinese garden pursues "although someone made, like from the sky", which is the unity of man and nature. China's north and south due to different geographical and climatic conditions so that people have different habits and aesthetic habits, so the south and north of the garden landscape design is different. South due to the mild climate, abundant water, most of the gardens built on the water, water as the core, flowers and plants as the main landscape, the overall structure is small, elegant style, delicate. Due to the northern precipitation relative to the south is less, the climate is also relatively dry, the northern garden design more rivers, lakes, mountains and rivers as the main landscape, emphasizing the natural landscape, less man-made landscape, the scale of the grand, magnificent. The most basic colors of the southern garden basically has three kinds of tones: dark gray tiles as the roof; wood generally choose chestnut skin color or dark brown, individual building part of the components of the Shi dark green or black; wall color is mostly whitewash. Northern gardens are heavily influenced by the idea of imperial power, the main color tends to be warm colors, especially yellow and red, to show the king and the power of the country. Northern drought less rain and sandy wind more, in the planting of plants on the choice of more adaptable coniferous forests and deciduous broad-leaved species, the southern climate is relatively humid and mild, the garden is mostly all kinds of herbaceous plants. Not only that, there are a lot of differences between the north and south of the garden design, such as the pattern of the weaving, the southern garden to strive for slender, dexterous, northern gardens are more rigorous, plain, and then the wall, the northern gardens are relatively heavy, the southern gardens are more lightweight.
Chinese gardens can not do without the nourishment of water, looking at the Chinese classical gardens, water everywhere. It can be said that the water in Chinese garden design has a pivotal role in the design of the garden to choose the rocks and water, in addition to the rocks and water itself is interesting, and at the same time, with the help of the rocks can be divided into spaces within the yard and the connection, thus creating a winding path to the secluded, real and virtual overlap, the level of the performance characteristics of the distinctive. Water can bring life to the garden landscape, rocks and water combined to form a profound landscape painting with meaning, showing the ideals and feelings of the owner of the residence, so that the owner to enjoy life in a peaceful and comfortable environment. The design of the water feature is generally avoid wide and straight and seek narrow curved, with the water opening and closing changes, meandering so as to reflect the sense of rhythm, a small fish pond with beautiful curves, or water gurgling rockery water features, or stream, through the contrast between narrow and wide curved, conveying the classical Chinese interest.
Fourth, Chinese garden landscaping techniques
The components of the Chinese classical garden are mainly mountains, water, plants and architecture of the four major parts of the Chinese garden design, Chinese garden design using inhibition of the landscape, add landscape, clip the landscape, the landscape, framing, leakage, borrowing the landscape, such as the Chinese classical garden gardening techniques, the use of modern landscape elements, to create a rich and varied landscape space. The design adopts modern landscape elements to create a rich and varied landscape space. The way of composition is mainly curved, paying attention to the curved paths, following the principle of space layout of the garden within a garden, often using wooden pavilions, platforms, corridors, moon gates, lattice windows and other forms to divide the garden into many different shapes, playing the role of dividing the line of sight, in order to form a rich landscape that seems to have no end, and to realize the contrast of the whole space, the main and the subordinate, the concealment and the exposure, the sparseness, the ups and downs, the level and the penetration of the changes in a limited space to make people experience the rich and varied landscape space. The limited space allows people to experience the natural mood of a thousand miles at hand. At the same time, the design focuses on the details, from the door to the window panes and skirts of the windows, all of which are exquisite and intriguing.
Expanded content
Chinese style creation method of tourism landscape design program thesis
With the country's respect for the culture of nationalism and carry forward, the Chinese tourism real estate projects in recent years the rapid development of the unique geographic resources to take advantage of the combination of traditional culture and Chinese elements in the planning, in order to achieve the best results, and the most important thing is the development of Chinese tourism real estate projects in recent years. Chinese style elements for planning, in order to highlight the humanities, history and landscape style of China. This program is to take advantage of the unique traditional cultural resources and geographical advantages of Ji'nan Foshan Scenic Area, to create a cultural landscape and modern leisure characteristics of the attractions.
Keywords : tourism real estate; Chinese landscape; Foshan Cultural Ecotourism Scenic Area
1, Foshan's past life
1.1 Foshan scenic area background
Foshan Cultural Ecotourism Scenic Area is located in Yongnian District Yonghehui Town, located in the east foothills of Taihang Mountain. East foothills. Foguang Temple, which is famous in Ji'nan, is located here, which is the local traditional sightseeing and holy place for Buddha, and there are historical landscapes such as Zhao King's Observatory in Spring and Autumn Period and Phoenix Turning Back to Look at Peonies, etc., which are rich in tourism resources and have great development value. Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway, 107 National Highway, Qinglan Expressway crisscross, the traffic advantage is very convenient, for the development and operation of tourist attractions to provide an excellent foundation.
1.2 Project Overview
The scenic area is built on the mountain, encompassing the above attractions and enriching the cultural tourism resources. This case is the main entrance square on the east side of the tourist area, which is 600 meters long and 380 meters wide, with a design area of about 126,000 square meters. The terrain is relatively flat, which makes it easy to set up functional facilities such as tourism distribution, parking and service center.
2, the design purpose and basic concept
2.1 Design purpose
Respect for history, respect for nature is the fundamental purpose of this design. Therefore, this design is to highlight the nature of human purification, so that people can get "natural, quiet, leisurely, harmonious" experience.
2.2 Design Concept
In the design concept, spatial layout, digging deep into the essence of China's traditional gardens in the north and south, the use of traditional and modern combination of composition, combined with the Foshan Scenic Area unique human network, to create a set of functionality, landscape, education, and to highlight the atmosphere, solemnity, a sense of ceremony of the integrated site. The design carries out the following three basic concepts: (1) ecological fusion and glory: emphasize the main entrance landscape and the entire ecological environment of the scenic area of the weather through to the ecological casting of the word of mouth, the integration of the cultural veins cast a prosperous scene. (2) People-oriented: emphasize people's taste for natural landscape, people and vegetation and rocks close to the people who are usually "trapped" in the concrete and steel to get a quiet, secluded, idle, relaxing experience. (3) The principle of benefit: through the sustainable development, utilization and protection of the landscape, to achieve economic benefits, environmental benefits, social benefits of the harmonization.
3, layout structure and landscape
3.1 Layout structure
The entrance plaza area is the area where visitors gather and disperse, and the flow of people is dense, so it needs an open, sparse space to carry the collection of visitors, channeling, waiting, staying, resting and other functions. The design of the entrance scenic area tries to achieve the following goals: strengthening the function, improving the taste, and realizing the benign cycle of economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit. Therefore, in the layout structure is divided into the entrance image area, the center square area, the tourists gathering and dispersing area, the tourists walking rest area, forming a series of streamlined landscape units, so that the natural landscape and the humanities landscape harmoniously integrated together. The whole layout can be summarized as "four hearts", "an axis", "a ring". "Four centers": tourists gathering and evacuation area, entrance image area, center square area, strolling rest area. "One axis": entrance image logo - the theme of the big pagoda - sightseeing tower. "A ring": around the site of the tourist battery car ring, fire ring, and ring-shaped landscape belt.
3.2 Landscape Essentials
(1) Visitor Dispersal and Orientation Area: set up on the north side of the entrance, attached to the Visitor Service Center, Tourist Battery Car Riding Area, Group Reception Area and the Office Management Center, Visitor Service Center and the Office Management Center in the form of a featured building to show in front of the tourists, but not in the tourists in the tour path to the science, environmental protection and other pictures mainly to improve the taste of tourism areas. Set up a wide open space for the team to collect and disperse and scenic spot electric car ride and parking.
(2) the entrance image area: by the stone as the entrance to the flag, engraved with "Qing Qing Paradise, the source of long". Demonstrate the temperament of the scenic area, with open space, to create a dignified and atmospheric image.
(3) center square area: back of the mountain is the traditional feng shui composition. The back of the mountain, is the scenic area to have the advantages of the terrain, so the design added the "face of the water" this one: the square is surrounded by a circular river, an area of about 54,000 square meters, the width of the river is 8 meters, there are seven bridges to the entrance to the image of the area and strolling rest area. Shaped like a crouching dragon, the 100-meter pagoda throughout the entire scenic area, magnificent, upright it is the core landscape of the square. The west side of the square set up a large musical fountain and terrace waterfall, set up a relief wall at the end of the fountain, reflecting the local customs and local conditions, the formation of pleasant water space, in the fountain on the west side of the sightseeing tower designed to stay in the tower, the entire scenic area as far as the eye can see. Both sides of the fountain **** set up six square landscape columns, engraved with "etiquette, music, archery, imperial, book, number" of the "six arts of Confucius" relief, inheritance of the law of doing, nurturing, so that tourists in the play at the same time, but also to learn the national science. Landscape columns and green space on both sides, tree line to create a sense of ceremony in the square, so that visitors feel honored.
(4) Stroll rest area: the north and south sides of the circular river were set up with landscape buffer and square tree array, and set up around the tree benches for visitors to rest. The periphery of the buffer zone is designed with a garden and micro-terrain, set up along the road to enjoy the garden, spring and summer seasons, the fragrance of the rosy, into nature, to achieve physical and mental release.
4, system planning
4.1 system planning
(1) traffic flow organization: the entrance to the landscape stone logo, the pagoda, the sightseeing tower as the main pedestrian axis, was radial north-south. Around the scenic area is set up with a garden battery car line, while it is also used as a fire escape.
(2) ecological transportation facilities: the east side of the main entrance for the ecological parking lot, foreign cars and tour buses do not enter the scenic area. The parking lot is covered by trees, shrubs and grass.
(3) Road width: 1.5 to 2 meters of garden road, 5 meters of green channel, 4 meters of fire lane.
(4) ground pavement: the use of local lapis lazuli, pebbles, light red, light yellow stone pavement. In the combination of patterns, simple, elegant, rustic, atmosphere-oriented.
4.2 Greening system planning
Scenic green system consists of plaza green, border green, road green, using five-dimensional planting, to create a hierarchy of full plant landscape. Plant configuration using cedar, large-leaved privet and other evergreen trees; Fagus, acacia and other shade trees; ginkgo, sumac and other foliage trees and shrubs; yucca, late cherry and other flowering trees and shrubs; persimmon, hawthorn and other fruit plants; lavender, roses and other aromatic plants, to create a scenic area in spring, summer, fall and winter, the scenery of the four seasons are different.
5, rainwater engineering
North China Plain water resources are limited, so the combination of Yu Kongjian teacher's concept of sponge city, the drainage of rainwater and sewage diversion system, the rainwater will be discharged into the nearby collection of water bodies, to achieve recycling. Flood drainage ditches need to be set up at the edge of local mountain slopes to divert mountain flood water into the river to protect the scenic spots.
6, conclusion
The entrance to the scenic area is not only a functional place, but also show the quality of the image of the sign. Yongnian Foshan cultural ecotourism scenic area is through the meticulous details to create a tourist culture, enrich the soft power of Handan, thus promoting the development of the city. We believe: Jin, Hebei, Luyu and Henan provinces junction of this pearl will continue to shine brightly.
References:
[1]Wang Jieying, Cui Shizhong. Yongnian to build a 5A level scenic spot of Foshan culture and ecology[N]. Hebei Economic Daily,2014-09-30(005).
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