It is understood that Guangzhou has established Wende Road Antique Art Trading Street, which is known as "the first street of culture"; Wuhan also has a folk art museum; There are more than 10 auction enterprises of cultural relics and artworks approved by National Cultural Heritage Administration, more than 400 provincial-level artworks management enterprises and more than 50 private museums in Zhejiang province. There are 170 different cultural relics and artworks operating organizations in Beijing, and Google ranks on the left. Xi, Shanghai, Chengdu and Zhengzhou have also established antique markets. There are also three antique markets in Hefei, Anhui. Private enterprises are the main force to promote the reform of cultural market, which mainly comes from market demand. The situation of folk collection is mainly composed of three parts, which constitute their respective collection purposes, value orientations and characteristics of collection channels.
Take the survey data of Zhejiang Province as an example: First of all, the collection of business owners, although not in the majority in number, represents and reflects the grade and level of Zhejiang folk collection. They have certain economic strength. With the development of enterprises, the economic strength has been continuously enhanced. Some of them began to buy cultural relics and artworks from different channels in the country in the early 1990s, and formed their own systems and jade ornaments, and some of them also made great gains in value-added. In recent years, their main activity is to demand high-grade and high-quality collections in major auction places. Many business owners have invested millions and hundreds of millions of dollars.
Followed by professional collectors. These people are not too many. They basically take this as their profession, invest in cultural industries, and play a great role in folk collection activities in Zhejiang. Most of them have long collection experience, and many of them are antique shopkeepers or the backbone of collection associations. Most people have a certain collection quantity and quality. Their characteristics are: strong sense of collection and management, aluminum rims for passenger cars, and understanding of market demand and quotation. In the early days, we went deep into the antique market and bought from house to house, which has completed the original accumulation of capital. In recent years, we frequently go to auction places at home and abroad and sell the collected works to relevant domestic cultural relics shops, cultural relics and art auction houses or individuals to earn the difference and get economic returns. Some are business-oriented, frequent in-and-out transactions, raising collections by transactions, and customizing jewelry. After years of accumulation, some people have many high-grade cultural relics and artworks, and some professional collectors have become very famous collectors.
Again, I am an amateur collector. This team has a large number of people, accounting for about 80% of the collection team. The personnel composition is relatively complex, and most of them were supplemented when the upsurge of folk collection rose in the late 1990s. Participants come from all walks of life, mostly working-class people such as cultural circles, retirees, civil servants, and a few leading cadres. Their capital investment is limited, and the grade and level of collection are not high. Most of them are influenced by the collection fever and have the psychology of "Taobao" and wealth accumulation. Many of them are also influenced by the collection of prosperous times. Usually they will buy some low-grade cultural relics and artworks in antique markets or shops for their own collection and appreciation. Most people don't have a collection focus and characteristics. Collections are generally not series, but there are many categories and varieties, and all kinds of artifacts and handicrafts left over from history are collected. Of course, in this group, there are also some people with better economic conditions, higher social status and higher educational level.
Antique market
According to the authoritative statistics of Collection magazine, there are nearly 10,000 collection associations and markets in China, and there are more than 500 collections of various themes and series. 30 million collectors are keen on this, accounting for about 3% of the population. The transaction volume of the collectible market is huge. Only the market of Beijing cultural relics collectibles has a turnover of several billion yuan a year, and the underground transactions are even more impossible to count, and they are growing year by year with a strong momentum; The annual auction turnover of cultural relics and artworks in China is constantly refreshing. On June 28th, 2002, 10, the newly promulgated Cultural Relics Protection Law, B2B website, allowed the cultural relics collected by citizens, legal persons and other organizations other than cultural relics collection units to circulate according to law, making folk collections more popular. After stocks and real estate, collection is becoming one of the most popular investment methods in Chinese mainland.
Antiques, also known as antiques, are all-encompassing and varied. In short, everything before today, as long as it is interesting to collect, seems to be called antiques, and there is no special definition. After tea and leisure time, a person, or inviting three or two intimate friends, can make people suddenly travel through time and space, roam in the long river of years, and get stuck in the rim of a bus. This is the unique charm of antiques.
Antiques include: ceramics, jade, ancient coins, bills, bronzes, gold and silver wares, furniture stones, ancient calligraphy and painting, sculpture, enamel, embroidery, bamboo and wood root carving, ancient books, daily necessities and so on. There are many antique markets in China, some of which have already formed a scale. For example, Hefei Chenghuang Temple Antique City is located in the east of Mengcheng Road, north of Anqing Road, and under the tower of Sihui Building in the back street of Chenghuang Temple. This building was built by Yu Xu, the magistrate of Luzhou, in the tenth year of the Ming Dynasty, and has a history of more than 480 years. The name of the building is taken from the meaning of "thinking for the people". The original building was destroyed, and now it is rebuilt in 1992. Upstairs is a sightseeing place, and downstairs is the small commodity wholesale market and antique city of Chenghuangmiao. Chenghuangmiao Antique City has been selected as one of the top ten antique markets in China for many times.
According to insiders, the folk antique trading in Hefei is extremely active at present, and three major trading markets have been formed: the antique market of Chenghuang Temple with a long history; There is also the newly established Anmei Art City, which mainly deals in calligraphy and painting, porcelain and jade. There is also the newly-built Yufeng flower and bird market, which also deals in antiques such as calligraphy and painting, porcelain, jade and strange stones.
Anhui has a long history and rich humanities, and people have attached great importance to history and culture since ancient times. Huizhou merchants in Ming and Qing dynasties are more famous for advocating culture. The commercial personality of Huizhou merchants is "good Confucianism", and "good Confucianism" is destined to pay attention to the accumulation and investment of cultural knowledge. Although they are in the vast business sea, they firmly believe that "the best thing in the world is just reading." There are five mountains in the chest and Huizhou merchants in Kyushu at the foot, which has promoted the prosperity of Anhui's literary style, made reading a social atmosphere, and won the reputation of "Southeast Zou Lu" and "State of Documents". "A village of ten households does not waste reading" and "books are loud in huts", so "talent depression is the hope of the sea, depression!" This fashion has been passed down to this day, which makes the literati here pay great attention to the protection and inheritance of traditional culture. Therefore, the antique market in Hefei, the provincial capital, has also become lively.
Hefei, known as Luzhou in ancient times, also known as Luyang, has a long history and many celebrities. Known as "the hometown of the Three Kingdoms and the hometown of Bao Zheng", it also has the strategic position of "enjoying the right side of the Huaihe River and the lips and teeth of the south of the Yangtze River", and it is a battleground for military strategists. The name "Hefei" was first seen in Sima Qian's Historical Records. The interpretation of the word "Hefei" holds that Hefei originated from the meaning that Donghe Feihe River and Nanhe Feihe River meet here. Hefei has beautiful scenery, water flows through the city, solar Led street lamps, and the park around the city is like an emerald necklace. With ancient Tianjin, teaching the crossbow Brahma Bell, the beautiful scenery of Baohe River and the spring dawn of Shushan, they are all at ease. In the meantime, it makes people linger.
Hefei City God Temple, built in the Northern Song Dynasty for three years (105 1), has a history of nearly a thousand years, and jade articles are wholesale. It adopts the Huizhou style of the Ming Dynasty and is integrated with the Luzhou City God Temple built during the Northern Song Dynasty (1056- 1063). Ancient street 100 meters, divided into two floors, upstairs and downstairs. On the second floor, there are three buildings across the street, which have quite the flavor of Qinhuai in Nanjing. There are 10 business districts and 10 shops, restaurants, teahouses, art galleries and dance halls, including Baishizhai, Jiushilou, Huiguang Pavilion, Qian Miao Street, Huangong Street, Luyang Palace, Mingxiangxuan (teahouse), Zuiyueju (restaurant) and Baiwei Garden (flavor snacks).
1986 65438+1October 15, Hefei City God Temple Market was grandly opened. At that time, there were as many as 92 1 household, with a market area of 40,000 square meters, of which state-owned and collective commercial departments accounted for 80%, and the market sales were only1020,000 yuan. In the 1980s, there was even a folk saying that it was a pity not to go to the Chenghuang Temple in Hefei. Some individual industrial and commercial households started from scratch when they first moved into the Town God Temple, but in just a few years, they became the earliest "10,000-yuan households" in Hefei with their own efforts and the overall prosperity of the Town God Temple. Chenghuang Temple has made Hefei's commercial myth, and made many ordinary people who started from scratch rise to the first generation of "ten thousand households" in the city overnight. Unlimited business opportunities have made the Chenghuang Temple a paradise that countless entrepreneurs dream of, and created a large number of business talents, such as Zhang Qinghua, the boss of Anhui Jin Manlou Catering Group Co., Ltd., a top 500 catering enterprise in the world, and Cheng Zhiping, the boss of Haoyuan Department Store, a large household of shoes, hats and knitwear, which is known as "the school for operators" and "the cradle of millionaires".
Chenghuang Temple is the birthplace of big bosses. Someone in the market has done statistics. Since the beginning of business, bosses have changed 20% every year. It is estimated that 15% people are doing well in business and going out to seek new development. As a result, all business households change every 5-6 years. From the original business households to the current business households, it has been more than ten years. Up to now, there are 5,000 business households in Chenghuang Temple, but they are not rich. Only 200 multimillionaires can stand up; A dozen billionaires are rich enough.
Recently, in the first China collectors' ranking sponsored by China Collectors Association and Collectors magazine, Hefei Chenghuang Temple antique market ranked among the top ten antique markets in China. Chenghuangmiao antique market has formed the largest antique market in Anhui Province, which is dominated by antiques, calligraphy and painting, and integrates the sales of handicrafts, postcards and other folk collections. Hefei Chenghuangmiao Antique City, which was selected as one of the top ten antique markets in China, has become increasingly popular since its opening on 1997, and collectors have gradually formed the custom of shopping on weekdays and going to the market on weekends. Every weekend, at 7: 00 or 8: 00 in the morning, the antique city of Chenghuangmiao gradually becomes lively, and people who like to collect come to the antique market from all directions to "go to the market". Around nine or ten o'clock, the market reached its climax, forging aluminum alloy wheels. Haha, dozens of shops, walkways and patio markets on the first to third floors of the antique city are already bustling and crowded. People may carefully search for ceramics, wood carvings, coins and jade articles according to their own preferences, or exchange experiences and insights in groups of three or five until after noon and the music is over.
Looking at the market, calligraphy and painting, stamps, ceramics, coins, second-hand books and newspapers are readily available, especially ceramics, which occupy a large share in the market. In addition, there are Huizhou antiques with Anhui characteristics, such as ancient furniture, stone lions, plaques, etc., and solar collectors. With the development of commercial real estate, various markets appear in rows; With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, there is an upsurge of antique collection in Chinese mainland, while Anhui Province is rich in cultural heritage and has many collectors. Since 1999, in order to highlight its own cultural characteristics and gain an advantage in the market competition, the Chenghuang Temple market has been gradually guided by the provincial industrial and commercial departments to develop the antique market, with professionals who like to collect taking the lead. Now it has become a minor celebrity, and it has become one of the most influential folk collection exchange market bases in East China, radiating the international collection market.
"gold comes out of troubled times, antiques come out of prosperous times." Antique collection, as an important channel for investment and financial management and an elegant leisure way, attracts more and more people, not only those intellectuals who are deeply influenced by tradition, but also many entrepreneurs and white-collar workers are keen to buy artworks and enjoy them at home, which can also improve their taste in life. With the development of Hefei's economy, people from all walks of life are interested in collecting. In Hefei antique auction, a large part of the lots are antique works of art suitable for public collection, attracting many citizens to participate. China is a big country of calligraphy and painting, Google, Hefei with strong cultural atmosphere, and also a big market for calligraphy and painting collection. In the hands of some citizens and experts in Hefei, forged aluminum alloy wheels have collected many famous calligraphy and paintings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the founding of the People's Republic of China. With the passage of time, the collection value of these calligraphy and paintings has gradually become prominent and become a dark horse of collection. In addition, antiques, coins and picture books in the Ming and Qing dynasties are also popular in the antique market. The coin market developed the earliest and is now very mature. Collectors are very professional, and different types of coins have different values. For example, the value of a full set of RMB collections that have been withdrawn from circulation is rising; As a collection variety, picture books are constantly expanding. However, in the process of collection, further research is still needed according to its content, theme and appearance to explore greater value.
However, what is incompatible with the enthusiastic collectors and the hot market are those shops that blatantly sell fakes under the signs of "famous paintings and antiques" and "jade ceramics". Historically, Huizhou merchants have always taken "a gentleman loves money and has a good way to get it" as the criterion, paying more attention to business reputation and credibility. I really hope that these unscrupulous businessmen who sell fake goods can regain the tradition of "being good at Confucianism" of Huizhou merchants and make our market more pure.
To sum up, firstly, Hefei Antique City is rated as one of the top ten antique cities in China, but its scale is still relatively small and its varieties are relatively few. Second, there are also market irregularities, some without business licenses, and counterfeiting occurs from time to time; Third, the market is relatively scattered, with only three in Hefei, which needs market integration.
Industry standards need to be improved.
At present, there are many problems in China's cultural relics appraisal industry. The biggest problem is that this industry lacks a perfect access system, and there is no clear regulation on industry qualification management. There is no threshold for opening appraisal studios and clubs to engage in cultural relics appraisal. The GPS positioning system is really ingenious, and it is not necessary to report to the cultural relics department, as long as it is registered in a civil society of the industrial and commercial department or the civil affairs department. This is the fundamental reason for the confusion of cultural relics appraisal industry and the variety of employees. Experts in the industry believe that the identification of cultural relics is highly academic and technical, and cannot be completed by a knowledgeable, senior or even archaeological expert. Because an excellent cultural relic appraiser not only needs a solid theoretical foundation, but also needs rich practical experience and appraisal skills.
An expert from Wuhan Collectors Association said that some people want to buy things when they see them, and some people pay sky-high prices when they open their mouths, with high expectations. Judging from the appraisal of cultural relics and works of art by some domestic media, there are few phenomena of underestimating the actual value of cultural relics, which are often unrealistic overvalues to satisfy people's thirst for money. In fact, the starting point of collection can't just fall on investment, but mainly cultivate sentiment. Actually, you don't need an appraisal book to collect it. He suggested that collectors should first set a category for their collections according to their hobbies, such as snuff bottles, watches and locks. They should not buy anything they see. Then read a few books, improve your cultural accomplishment and professional knowledge, arm your head first, go to museums to see the real thing more, and then go to the antique market to see the price of loose diamonds. Don't buy it yet. It is important to read it first and practice your eyes first. Those who have a certain vision can try it, pay a small "tuition fee" to buy some cheap antiques, and then find some real experts to consult and learn. After all these processes, we need to build self-confidence, which is the most important psychological quality in the collection. Never trust others. When preparing to spend huge sums of money to buy, buyers and sellers should not only sign contracts, but also set up appraisal procedures. He said: "The most important thing is to have a normal heart. When you don't have some professional knowledge and experience, buy or appreciate it as a modern antique handicraft for the time being to avoid being cheated. If you can treasure from it and cast a machine, you can enjoy it as a pleasure of collecting cultural relics for the time being, and you must not get caught up in it. "
Folk collection of antiques has become a high-risk industry. Collectors should not only have relevant knowledge of history, culture and professional manufacturing technology, but also have a comprehensive understanding of the national market situation, so as not to fall into a blind collection cycle.
Due to the lack of a perfect industry access system, the antique market mainly has the following problems:
First, the collection team is immature. Some collectors are impetuous and underestimate the scientific nature of the collection. They think that they know how to collect books by looking at them, and blind self-confidence often hurts themselves. Among Tibetan collectors in Shenzhen, there are many people who invest hundreds of thousands and millions of antiques, and even fewer who invest 10 million to 20 million, but many of them are fakes, and naturally nothing is gained.
Second, market supervision is not in place. In order to manage the cultural relics market, the Cultural Management Institute has issued several documents to regulate the market, but these documents exist in name only due to lack of supervision. According to the experience of managing the antique art market all over the country, if the competent departments of the market, law enforcement departments, industrial and commercial bureaus and public security bureaus do not participate in the management of the antique art market, the market will never be peaceful.
There is still a long way to go to standardize and advocate the antique market in various places. At present, there is no mature legal management in the domestic antique market. National Cultural Heritage Administration is drafting and discussing the Measures for the Administration of Cultural Relics Circulation. It is estimated that it will be promulgated by the end of the year at the earliest, and then there will be real laws to follow, and the management of the cultural relics market will be standardized. "
In view of this, Led street lamps, as well as people in the industry, call on the government to pay more attention to the antique market, how to strengthen market guidance and supervision, and establish specialized markets with their own characteristics according to the characteristics of local markets, so as to make the antique market embark on the track of benign development.
China antique market has great potential.
After the reform and opening up, China's antique market has gradually moved from the original closed state to the open state, and antique trading markets have sprung up everywhere. Every holiday, the trading market is crowded and lively, and solar water heaters are active, especially in Beijing, which is the largest and most popular. For example, in recent years, the China Antique Art Fair has been successfully held in Beijing. It is learned from the ICIF that cultural relics shops, cultural relics companies and cultural relics supervision markets all over the country will come to participate in the exhibition, and hundreds of antique art booths have formed exhibition patterns of different grades and styles. The exhibitors are the best in terms of quantity and scale, strength and influence. People in the field of cultural relics believe that spring has come in China antique market.