However, after the process of domesticating dogs in the human era, omnivorous food was almost replaced by dog food with balanced nutrition. Therefore, it is not recommended to feed dogs with personal homemade dog food, unless you can't buy dog food in the area where your owner lives!
Water is the lifeblood of dogs, and water shortage is more serious than food shortage, which has a great impact on the lives of animals. Therefore, there is only water supply, which is not the same as eating regularly, but fresh water must be given frequently so that it can be drunk at any time.
Loving dogs is also an indispensable three nutrients.
Dogs, like people, must have protein, fat and carbohydrate (sugar) to develop and maintain health. For small dogs, the necessary weight per 1 kg is 90 calories; However, a 50 kg large dog needs 49 kilocalories per 1 kg, so the heavier it is, the less it needs per 1 kg, and the puppy has twice as many calories as its adult dog, which is to meet the needs of short-term growth.
Dogs are also indispensable nutrients.
Protein is decomposed into amino acids in dogs, which is beneficial to various organs, muscles, blood, bones, coat, skin, toes and claws of dogs.
Fat, once in the body, will stay in the digestive organs for a long time, giving people a feeling of fullness. When the fat intake is too high and the exercise continues to be insufficient, the accumulated fat will become the cause of obesity.
Besides protein, fat and carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins are also indispensable for dogs. If minerals and vitamins are insufficient, it will affect the development of dog bones and the resistance to diseases.
Therefore, dog owners should pay attention to the labeling of content and ingredients when choosing dog food!
Balanced nutritious food: dog food
Dog food can be said to be a mixture of essential nutrients for dogs. So the host doesn't have to spend a lot of time designing and making every meal, but he lacks the feelings of the host. Therefore, when giving the feed, he should try to feed it carefully.
The most representative dog food
Dog feed can be divided into three types according to age: dog milk, weaning feed, puppy feed, obese dog, pregnant dog, nursing dog, old dog and sick dog. But usually, they are divided into three types according to water content. Although it won't get tired of eating only one kind of feed, sometimes mixing them together can also help to increase appetite.
Dog food: dry
The moisture content is below 10%, so it is better than the other two in preservation, and its price is low, and its hardness is just suitable for tooth health, which has become the mainstream of feed; There is no need to supplement nutrition, but there is less water, and fresh water should be replenished at any time.
Dog food: soft type
The water content is 30 ~ 35%, and the meat quality is the center. Although the price is slightly higher, dogs prefer to eat it than dry ones. Because it is soft, it can also be used as weaning food, and its nutrition is slightly lower than that of dry type.
Dog food: canned type
The water content is 75%, which is divided into beef pieces such as cattle, pigs and chickens, canned whole meat types such as liver and chicken heads, and dry whole food types with uniform nutrition. Meat is a dog's favorite, but it is expensive and difficult to preserve after opening cans.
Diet and feeding methods of puppies
From birth to puppy period of 65,438+0 years (65,438+0.5 ~ 2 years for medium-sized and large-sized dogs), the growth speed of puppies is 65,438+0.8 times that of humans, so the nutritional requirements of dogs in this period should be more than 2 times that of humans. Considering digestion, dogs should be fed 3 ~ 4 times a day, of which high-quality protein is 4 times that of humans. About 3 weeks after birth, breast-feed, add egg yolk or ground meat to the milk in the late weaning period, and boil the liver into paste (1 week at most twice, with the rest time mainly given to softened dog food), but after 2 months, when the feed is dry, it is appropriate to add complementary food within 10%.
Diet and feeding methods of adult dogs
Give 1 or 2 meals a day after adulthood; Don't care too much about the development of puppies, but the most important thing is not to be obese, especially not to give too much fat; Dogs enter early aging at the age of 7-8. At this time, in order to prevent senile diseases, eat as lightly as possible and don't give sweets. In order to prevent obesity, daily exercise is more important. For example, you must take a walk before eating, and then eat after defecation and grooming. In short, in order to prevent partial eclipse, we must eat regularly and quantitatively, which is the biggest secret to keep adult dogs healthy.
Eating and feeding methods of old dogs
The aging phenomenon of dogs begins at the age of 7-8. Once they get older, their activities gradually decrease, and most of them lie down all day, but their interest in food remains undiminished. Try to give low-protein foods, such as eggs and cheese, which are good low-protein foods. Secondly, once you get older, your teeth will gradually weaken, so you should avoid eating hard things. If you want to give dry feed, don't soak in hot soup or warm milk before feeding, and don't cut the meat into small pieces. Because the amount of activity is reduced, the calories consumed are also reduced, which is easy to lead to obesity; In addition, exercise moderately every day.
Standing on the nutritional needs of dogs, the food made by humans is too greasy and salty, and dogs that eat human food for a long time are prone to obesity. Obesity is the trigger of many diseases, such as heart disease, pancreatic disease and even skin, so loving it does not hurt it, and loving it simply by feeding it dry feed is the best owner. However, no matter how regularly the owner only feeds the dogs dry feed, there will still be some weird dogs stealing trash cans or jumping on the table to steal food, so the following foods that dogs are forbidden to eat should be placed very carefully:
(1) chocolate (lethal risk index ★★★★)
Caffeine and theobromine contained in chocolate are poisons to animals, which will reduce the blood flow in the delivery department, have a serious impact on the dog's heart and central nervous system, and even pose a fatal threat. The higher the purity of chocolate, the higher the salt content of coffee, and the greater the danger to dogs.
Toxic dose: (puppy 15~20 lbs /6~9 kg) milk chocolate: 8~ 12 oz (226g~340g) dark chocolate: 1 oz (28g).
Poisoning symptoms: severe drooling, frequent urination, dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat, vomiting and diarrhea, extreme excitement, energetic, muscle trembling, coma, and greatly increased heart rate and blood pressure.
(2) Coffee (lethal risk index ★★★)
Whether dogs eat coffee powder or coffee beans, caffeine poisoning will occur, and its symptoms are similar to or even more serious than eating chocolate noodles.
(3) Raw or undercooked meat (lethal risk index ★★)
Dogs hunt animals in the wild, but their immune system cannot adapt to poultry and meat raised by artificial science. Salmonella and Escherichia coli are the two most common toxins in poultry meat, which can cause gastrointestinal diseases in dogs.
Symptoms of Salmonella poisoning: loss of appetite, high fever, dysentery, diarrhea, dehydration, lower abdominal pain and listlessness. Symptoms of Bacillus poisoning: vomiting, stomachache, diarrhea, severe bleeding, shock and paralysis.
(4) Salt (lethal risk index ★★★)
Dogs eat toxic substances, and some people will induce vomiting with salt water, but it is fatal for dogs to ingest a teaspoon of salt per kilogram. Therefore, dogs who eat toxic substances by mistake should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible, and don't eat small remedies casually, which will lead to great disaster.
(5) Mushrooms (Fatal Risk Index ★★★)
Edible fungi and ground mushrooms on the market are harmless to dogs, but they should be avoided for dogs to avoid eating toxic shavings in the wild.
(6) Grape/raisin (lethal risk index ★★★)
According to the report of the American Animal Poisoning Control Center, about ten dogs are poisoned by eating grapes or raisins every year. They eat about 9 ounces to 2 pounds of grapes or raisins. If dogs eat this amount, it will lead to kidney poisoning (renal failure). If left untreated, the sick dog will die like this, so never feed the dog (none).
(7) Cardamom (lethal risk index ★★★★)
Although it is still unclear why dogs are poisoned after eating cardamom, if dogs eat "a lot" of cardamom, it will not only be poisoned, but also fatal!
Poisoning symptoms: trembling, contraction, abnormal nervous system, etc.
(8) Expired or moldy food (danger-danger index ★★)
Some people will be reluctant to throw away expired food because it doesn't look moldy and smells odorless, but these expired foods are potentially dangerous. Perhaps mold or other bacteria have been produced, which is difficult to find just by looking and smelling with your eyes. Besides, you dare not eat it yourself, and you should not throw it to the dog to solve the expired food.
And many dogs like to go to the trash can to find food, but most of the food in the trash can is moldy and rotten, and dogs will get food poisoning after eating it, so the trash can must be covered.
(9) Bone fragments/poultry bones/fish bones (danger-danger index ★★)
Most people know that chicken bones/fish bones with small spikes can't be fed to dogs, but they think that the bones of cows and pigs are thick enough for dogs to chew and play with. This is a wrong idea, because any bone may be bitten into small pieces by a dog, which may pierce the dog's throat, or cut the dog's mouth, esophagus, stomach or intestine, or cause gastrointestinal obstruction.
If you want to feed the bones, you should first cook them in a pressure cooker. Bone marrow is an excellent source of calcium, phosphorus and copper intake, and biting big bones also helps to remove tartar. Asphyxiation: pale and blue gums, panting, mouth breathing, scratching face, shallow breathing, unconsciousness and dilated pupils.
(10) Oily and fatty foods (danger-danger index ★★)
I believe many people will give their dogs chicken skin or let them eat leftovers from their plates, but these greasy and high-fat foods will lead to pancreatitis and pancreatitis, which will have a certain impact on dogs, so don't treat dogs as smelly buckets, because it is too wasteful to throw away leftovers.
There are mini poodles, toy poodles, curved frames, mini snisha and so on. They are all serious, and the symptoms are vomiting, but they will soon become more and more serious and need antibiotic treatment.
(1 1) Garlic and onion (danger-danger index ★★)
Dogs will be anemic if they eat "excessive" (more than 40 pieces) garlic or raw/cooked onion ingredients. This is because garlic and onion contain a lot of disulfide, which can destroy red blood cells of dogs. Even if you cook garlic and onions, you still can't remove disulfide. It is harmless to human body, but it will cause the danger of red blood cell oxidation in cats, dogs, sheep, horses and cattle, which may lead to hemolytic anemia.
Poisoning dose: 65438+ 0-2 slices of onion a week is enough to destroy the operation of red blood cells and affect the delivery of oxygen, thus failing to provide enough oxygen for the body.
Poisoning symptoms: weight loss, fatigue, laziness, frequent wheezing, depression, rapid pulse, weakness, and membranous secretions in gums and mouth.
(12) liver (danger-danger index ★★)
Liver is one of dogs' favorite foods. Many snacks or dog food contain liver. Eating a small amount of liver is actually good for dogs, but if it is "excessive", it may cause nutritional problems, because the liver contains high units of vitamin A, and taking too much vitamin A may cause vitamin A poisoning or excessive vitamin A.
Toxic dose: the amount of chicken liver (raw or cooked) for about three weeks may cause bone problems. If the dog has another vitamin A supplement, it should not be fed to the liver.
Symptoms of excessive vitamin A: abnormal bones, rapid development of elbows and spine bones, weight loss, anorexia and loss of appetite.
(13) raw eggs (danger-danger index ★★)
Protein, an avidin in raw protein, will deplete the vitamin H (found in vitamin B group) in dogs. Vitamin H is an indispensable nutrient for dog growth and fur health. In addition, raw eggs usually contain germs, such as salmonella. Feeding raw eggs will eventually be toxic to dogs and more likely to cause vitamin H deficiency.
Hard-boiled eggs are excellent snacks for dogs. They contain high protein and other nutrients. Only crude protein contains ovalbumin. If you want to feed raw eggs, please only use egg yolk, but you should still be careful of the infection of germs.
Symptoms of vitamin H deficiency: hair loss, weakness, growth retardation and skeletal deformity.
(14) Alcoholic beverages (danger-danger index ★★)
Alcohol is the main component of alcoholic beverages. If it is absorbed excessively, it will lead to poisoning. Because dogs are smaller than people, even drinking a small amount of wine will be greatly affected.
Dogs with alcoholism will breathe with alcohol, stumble, change their behavior, be nervous, feel depressed, increase their urine output and slow down their breathing frequency.
(15) Kernel, stem and leaf of apple, apricot, cherry, peach and plum (danger-danger index ★★).
Because apples, apricots, cherries, peaches and plums all contain a lot of fruit stalks, seeds and leaves, and these raw fruits also contain a kind of cyanide, so if they are not handled properly, they will lead to dog poisoning.
Poisoning symptoms: loss of appetite, dilated pupils, dyspnea, hyperventilation, shock, etc.
(16) Avocado (danger-danger index ★★)
It is a pear-shaped tropical fruit, and its English name is Avocado. Its leaves, seeds, pulp and peel are all toxic, and its toxicity will be a substance called "Persin", which is the product of fatty acid transformation.
Poisoning symptoms: dyspnea, abdominal distension, abnormal pleural effusion, etc.
(17) Broken nuts/peanuts (danger-danger index ★★)
Broken nuts (Macodamia Nuts), also known as (Queensland nuts) or (Australian nuts), will be poisoned by dogs after eating, but the cause of poisoning is unknown.
Some dogs are allergic to peanuts. Please make sure that the dog is not allergic before feeding. If feeding, it is best to choose peanut butter, because it is easier to digest.
Poisoning dose: dogs will be poisoned if they eat 30 to 40 broken nuts!
Poisoning symptoms: dogs will only have symptoms such as fatigue, depression, vomiting, difficulty in walking, abdominal pain, limping, and white mucosa, but
These symptoms usually disappear within 12 to 24 hours.
(18) yeast dough (danger-danger index ★★)
This yeast dough is the raw material for making pasta. When a dog eats bread, it will swell in its stomach. In addition, because yeast is also one of the raw materials of alcoholic beverages, it can also cause symptoms such as drinking alcoholic beverages, making dogs vomit and stomach upset.
(19) pork (feeding is not recommended-risk index★)
Fat globules in pork are larger than other meats, which may block the capillaries of dogs and avoid eating pig products, especially Peiyin containing sodium nitrate.
(20) Milk (feeding is not recommended-risk index★)
Many dogs have lactose intolerance. If your dog drinks milk, it will have symptoms such as farting, diarrhea, dehydration or skin inflammation! You should stop feeding milk. Dogs with lactose intolerance should eat lactose-free milk, which can be dog food or human food, but the ingredients that people eat may not fully meet the needs of dogs.
(2 1) seafood (feeding is not recommended-risk index★)
Seafood such as shrimp, crab, squid and cuttlefish can easily cause diarrhea and worms in dogs. Try not to feed them. (22) Sweet food, spicy food, hot food and frozen food (feeding is not recommended-risk index★)
Sweets can lead to diabetes and obesity in dogs. However, spicy or too hot food will paralyze the dog's sense of taste, make it unable to eat because it is too irritating, and even cause permanent damage to the dog's sense of taste. Frozen food will harm the dog's stomach and cause diarrhea.
The above foods are very dangerous to dogs, and people who have dog treasures at home must understand their seriousness. Although everyone loves to eat delicious food and wants to share it with their dogs, there are fatal dangers hidden behind these tempting foods. Therefore, people who really love dogs, if they want their dogs to live a long and healthy life, must have the courage to reject all the temptations of human food and say "no!" " For their dogs. Only simply feeding dog food is the only way for dogs to be healthy.