How to cultivate children's good study habits

Successful education begins with the formation of habits. The core of education is not only to impart knowledge, but to learn to be a man. Habit is the capital that one stores in the nervous system. If a person develops a good habit, he will never use up its interest all his life.

Recently, Sun Yunxiao, an expert from China Youth Research Center, pointed out: "Habit determines the fate of children." The power of habit is enormous. Once people form a habit, they will unconsciously run on this track. If this is a good habit, they will benefit for life. Childhood is the best time to cultivate habits. There is a formula: one kilogram of strength for early education = one ton for later education. Explain the importance of early education. For example, a few years ago, dozens of Nobel Prize winners got together, and the reporter asked one of the Nobel Prize-winning scientists, "Which university did you learn the most important thing?" The scientist said calmly, "In kindergarten." "What I learned in kindergarten." "Learn to give half of your own things to your partner, don't take things that don't belong to you, put things in order, apologize for doing wrong things, and observe things carefully." The scientist's unexpected answer directly shows that good habits formed in childhood are of decisive significance to a person's life, and of course, so is the formation of study habits.

1. What is a study habit?

Learning habits refer to the special tendency of children to carry out certain activities automatically under certain learning situations. In other words, at a certain time, children will learn automatically.

For example, a teacher's child goes to Shanghai to take part in a national competition. After the teacher who led the team came back, he said with emotion: On the boat that day, after dinner, the students all went to the deck to see the scenery. After a while, it was time to do my homework without anyone prompting or asking. The teacher's child went to the cabin alone, took out his books and began to study.

I am also very touched by my son. My son is learning Go. From the first day of learning Weiqi, I insisted on practicing Weiqi and played Weiqi with him after 7 o'clock every day. It has been more than nine months now. Come home late occasionally, let him take a bath and sleep. I didn't tell him not to play Go today, but my son would take the initiative to remind me: "Mom, I didn't play Go today." It is these months that he has formed a habit, and at this time, he will do it.

Second, how to scientifically guide children to develop habits?

Professor Sun Yunxiao's formula is to cultivate good habits and use addition; Overcome bad habits by subtraction.

How to cultivate a good addition habit? For example, cultivate children's habit of drawing, let him draw a rabbit today, a rabbit eating grass tomorrow, draw more grass or grass, draw some flowers on the grass the day after tomorrow, and draw white clouds and the sun in the sky the day after tomorrow. With the increase of this day, the good habit of painting will naturally develop.

How to overcome bad habits by subtraction? It is normal for children to sit on the bench. A careful mother observed her son doing homework, drinking water and peeing for a while, and coming out four or five times in less than an hour. The mother did not rush for success, but gave her child a suggestion before doing her homework the next day: do what she should do before sitting down. I think it is ok for you to come out three times when you are doing your homework. The child really goes out less once with the encouragement of his mother; A few days later, the mother proposed to reduce it again, and the child easily reduced it again. Parents' requirements are gradually reduced until children can concentrate on their homework, which not only helps children overcome bad habits, but more importantly protects their self-confidence. The formation of good habits is not overnight, but long-term persistence.

Some parents have reported that my children are inattentive in class, uninterested in reading, careless in observing things and poor in memory. These are all factors that affect the formation of children's good study habits.

In view of the confusion caused by parents and children's bad study habits, this paper introduces some family education methods to parents from five aspects: the cultivation of learning interest, the training of attention, the cultivation of reading habits, the cultivation of active study habits and the training of memory:

(A), to cultivate children's interest in learning

Children's interests often arise at an early age. Children's interests often have their own uniqueness at different ages because of their different qualities. The development and performance of a child's interest is often a harbinger of his talent and quality. Parents should always ask their children what their interests are and guide them to develop their interests continuously. A scholar once compared a child's interest in learning and upward enthusiasm to a small spark that parents scatter in their children's hearts. When parents light this fire in their children's hearts, it is like facing a pile of firewood that needs to be lit. It will blow out when the wind is strong. When the wind is weak, it will not burn. The firewood is too tight and too loose to catch fire. At this time, you should take good care of this small flame, "coax" it to ignite a little, flourish and finally become a raging fire.

So, how to cultivate children's interest in learning in family education?

1, enhance learning fun and cultivate direct interest.

Yang Zhenning, a famous physicist, once said: He disapproves of people saying that he studies hard because he never feels "bitter" in his studies. Instead, he experienced endless "happiness". If learning can bring happiness to children, then children will definitely like learning. The younger the child, the more direct his interest in learning. For example, some children like painting, perhaps because they are willing to draw on paper with colored crayons, watching the colored lines extend and expand on the paper, and his thinking and imagination are also wandering and rotating at will; It may also be that the teacher often praises him, although his painting is not very good. So, how can we make learning a happy thing?

First of all, praise more and criticize less. Be good at discovering the advantages of every child. Some parents keep silent "it's as simple as playing". They hate iron and don't know that good steel has been passivated in criticism. Over time, children always feel that they are poor, always make mistakes, and feel depressed about learning, so they hate learning. If the child is really wrong, of course, he should also criticize, so that the child can understand why the adults criticize him and let him understand the truth.

Secondly, let children have a successful experience from the beginning. Adults should let children master knowledge as much as possible and let them learn from scratch, which not only enhances their self-confidence, but also allows them to experience the joy of learning.

2. Clear the purpose of learning and cultivate indirect interest.

The experience of excellent parents also proves that the education of learning purpose should be linked with children's thoughts and reality, adhere to patient and meticulous positive education, and link learning purpose with life purpose through various vivid and infectious examples in order to receive good results. For example, some children are learning to dance. She doesn't like basic dance practice and can't stand pain, but she is interested in the results of learning dance and participating in various performances. This interest can encourage children to engage in basic dance practice activities. Therefore, parents should not only make full use of their children's direct interests and stimulate their children to study hard, but also improve their indirect interests through education for learning purposes. Many psychologists have realized the active role of interest in activities. Piaget, a Swiss child psychologist, described interest as "the regulator of energy". Pan Wei, a famous psychologist in China, believes that "interest is the most realistic and active component of learning motivation". If a child is interested in learning, it can stimulate his enthusiasm for learning and push him to get good grades in his studies.

3. Use children's curiosity to cultivate interest in learning.

Children are curious, eager for knowledge and active. Adults should make full use of them to stimulate children's interest in learning. Some children take the alarm clock apart, and some children keep asking why. If parents don't understand their children's characteristics, they regard it as mischief. Taking a critical, cold and indifferent attitude towards their children will damage the growth of their wisdom buds and dampen their enthusiasm for knowledge. In addition, you should actively answer your child's questions. If not, you can tell him to find out first and then tell him, but when it comes to doing it, you must not perfunctory. If his parents cheat him, he won't ask questions that his children don't understand in the future, which will hurt their enthusiasm and curiosity.

4. Create an external environment conducive to cultivating interest in learning.

Only fertile soil can produce good crops, and only a good family environment can cultivate extremely intelligent children. First of all, parents should set an example and love learning. Parents are their children's first teachers, and teaching by example is more important than teaching by example. If parents urge their children to study hard, but often play mahjong all night, then the child is probably not interested in how to study hard, but how to play good cards; I'm afraid this is not scientific knowledge but a trick. If parents hold a book and a cup of tea after dinner, sit at the table and write on the table, children will often read and study.

(B), effective attention training

Good attention is an important factor that cannot be ignored with children's growth. Developing good attention in early childhood is the basis of achieving a career when you grow up, but children are naturally active and playful, so it is difficult to concentrate on something. Therefore, in the targeted training of "concentration", we must create a "step by step, unexpected" gradient, so that children's minds will not gradually fade. Here are some experiences to cultivate children's attention:

1, repeat the exercise.

Let the child read for 5- 15 minutes (control the time according to the child's age), close the book immediately, and let the child "retell" the story according to your requirements. In order to prevent children from grasping your requirements, the content of "retelling" can be flexible: for example, you can ask several main questions, who is in the book and what you are doing. What color clothes do people or animals wear in the book? What else is in the book? Children can draw images of the animals they see. Finally, let him read the book again. After several times, the child will gradually understand the necessity of concentration.

2, jigsaw puzzles and jigsaw puzzles

This is the most effective concentration exercise in two-dimensional space, which requires children to keep continuous judgment, observation, imagination and analysis for a long time. Moreover, the challenge of this game will bring children a sense of accomplishment, which is a great motivation for children to focus on the end. When my son was 2 or 3 years old, I bought the simplest puzzle. I showed it to him myself at first. Then, slowly, he can spell by himself. Then, he bought some puzzles with more building blocks and a cube puzzle for him to look at. At this time, he will concentrate on looking at pictures and doing puzzles. Sometimes in order to increase his interest, I will compete with him or my son to spell it quickly, so that he will be more interested.

3. Domino practice

About 70% children who can't concentrate have made great progress in patience through this domino game. Domino training is actually a kind of training to test how long a child can persist in an action-in the future, we can't expect all the learning subjects that children face to be changeable, interesting and challenging. Will repeated training make children commit "old problems"? Domino training is an excellent exercise regardless of the degree of mental specificity or the duration of concentration, and the thrill of instantly knocking down dozens or even hundreds of dominoes can also make children tolerant of the "monotony" of training. Only when children finally have a sense of happiness and accomplishment can they overcome the monotony brought by concentration.

4. Anti-interference exercises

When the child's attention has been greatly focused on an undisturbed environment, parents can consider putting the "interference source" in his "attention training" space. For example, parents can watch TV when he is doing a puzzle. For example, when he is reading, he can interrupt a little. In this process, the child's attention will be scattered and repeated, but eventually his anti-interference ability will gradually increase. What needs to be reminded here is that if your child is paying attention and not doing this kind of "attention training", you must not disturb him. Let him do his own thing with peace of mind. )

(3) Develop the habit of reading.

The influence of books on children should not be underestimated. Books not only teach him knowledge and bring him to know the world, but also have a positive impact on his language ability, thinking ability, understanding ability and personality development. Good reading habits will benefit him for life. There are rules to follow in cultivating a child who likes reading. For example, before going to bed every night, read a book and tell a story to your child. I often take my children to the bookstore or library to read a book on weekends. First of all, parents should always pick up books to read, which will have a subtle influence on their children. My son likes reading very much. He can sit for more than half an hour as long as he gets a book. This habit was formed in our family environment. His father likes reading, often buys books and brings a book to his son. When the kindergarten has no time to prepare lessons and write materials, it also takes them home to write. Children also like books in this environment. So what can be done specifically? I have several practices for parents' reference:

(1), accompanying reading is to accompany children to look at pictures in a picture book. You can look at pictures and make up stories with your children to cultivate their interest in pictures. At this time, parents can point to the corresponding pictures while reading, and then slowly transition to the words in reading, so that children are interested in words.

(2) Performance is to perform actions after reading a story or children's song, such as how rabbits do it, how elephants save rabbits, and how wolves do it. According to the plot, several people in the family act separately, and the roles can be reversed after a performance. Let children realize that children's songs in books can be used as games, thus making them like reading more.

(3) Asking questions First, ask the children questions. Parents of small kindergartens can ask some simple questions, such as who are the people in the story, what they are doing, who do you like, and so on. Parents of middle and large classes should ask more "why and how" questions, so that children can fully think. Secondly, let the children create and edit by themselves, and the parents tell half the stories, leaving the ending of their own creation and editing for the children and cultivating their imagination. Finally, let the children ask questions, ask the children who don't understand, and ask the parents who don't understand. Cultivate children's study habit of asking if they don't understand. Using the above methods to guide children to like reading and fall in love with books has achieved good results. Parents may wish to give it a try.

(4) Develop the habit of active (autonomous) learning.

Let's listen to an example first: a mother bought a pineapple, and the curious child was attracted by something she had never seen before. Mothers may have two ways to treat curious children.

One way is: the mother tells the child, "this is pineapple, which is edible." It has hard and sharp thorns outside, don't touch it! " ! It's heavy, you can't lift it, but it's round and can roll. Smell it. Is it delicious? Now let's take it to the kitchen and cut it. After cutting it, soak it in salt water. It tastes sweet and fragrant. "

Another way is that the mother tells the child "this is pineapple", then puts the pineapple on the floor in front of the child and goes to work on other things she bought. Curious children will definitely "take action" on this pineapple. For example, he may reach out and touch the pineapple, then quickly draw his hand back and shout to his mother, "Mom, this pineapple is very stinging, and I was stung by it."

Mother replied, "yes, son, pineapple will sting your hand." It doesn't matter. " So the child tried to grab the pineapple leaves and pick them up, but the pineapple was heavy and the child quickly put it down. "Mom, this pineapple is too heavy for me to carry." "Yes, pineapples are heavy."

The child may try to roll the pineapple again, and the result is really rolled. He was very happy: "Mom, I rolled the pineapple." Mom is also very happy: "You are really capable!" "Mom, I smell a fragrance. Can pineapples be eaten? " "Yes, son, pineapple is a kind of fruit and can be eaten." "How to eat?" "Peel off the skin, cut it into pieces, soak it in salt water, and you can eat it." "let me try ... it's delicious!"

Which of these two ways do you advocate? What kind do you usually use? What's the difference between them? Will they have different effects?

We might as well analyze it: the first way, children soon learned, pineapple is prickly, heavy, curly and fragrant, and can only be eaten after soaking in salt water. This is what his mother said directly, and the child didn't find it himself. In the future, the mother will bring back a novel thing, and the child may wait for her to tell him like this.

In the second way, the child finally understood that pineapple is prickly and prickly, and pineapple is very heavy; Pineapple can roll because it is round; It smells delicious, it is golden yellow when cut, and the salt water tastes sweet and fragrant. All this was discovered by children through their own attempts. Children not only know the characteristics of pineapple, but also learn how to know it. You can touch it, take it, roll it, smell it, cut it and taste it. Next time, the mother may bring back something different in nature, and the child may explore and know in the way he used to. In this process, children understand that these things are different in nature.

The results of the two methods are very different: in the first way, the child learns knowledge quickly, but he passively accepts it; In the second way, children also learn knowledge, which is slow, but at the same time, children learn the way of knowing things, and also learn to choose different ways of thinking according to the different nature of things. More importantly, he realized the fun and success of active learning and exploration. Over time, children can develop the habit of active learning.

Most parents may unconsciously treat their children in the first way, which actually deprives them of many opportunities for active learning. In our daily life, in fact, there are often such opportunities for children to learn actively. The key lies in whether our parents are good at grasping. Here's another example. For example, a child of three or four years old likes to help distribute chopsticks when eating. At first, he might give a pair of chopsticks to his father, then to his mother, and finally to himself. Anxious mother may say to him, "silly boy, take more at a time, and you don't have to run a few times if you take three pairs of sixes." In fact, when he summarizes himself, he can give the child a chance to learn to think with his head.

He may have to run back and forth like this for months before he thinks, can he do the same thing every time? So he wanted to take more, but he either took more or took less. It was several weeks before he really realized that taking six tablets at a time was just right. In this process, children learn to think for themselves, sum up and solve problems by themselves, and experience the fun of thinking. It's actually worth spending some time waiting for the children, isn't it? Therefore, I give the following suggestions to parents to help your children establish the habit of active learning:

Don't arrange your child's time according to your own wishes, leave more time for him to arrange it himself. If he is young and can't think of any activities to arrange by himself, you can give him more suggestions to choose from. Encourage children to take the initiative to explore, not too many unnecessary "no"; Don't disturb your child when he is concentrating on something, try not to rush him, and don't keep reminding him that he can't do this or that. Don't rush to help your child when he has difficulty in solving the problem. You can give him more advice. Don't rush to tell your child the result, give your child enough time to find out for himself; Don't do homework checks and bags instead of children, and don't get into the habit of watching children do homework all day. Let the children do these things by themselves.

(5) Cultivate children's memory.

Memory is a treasure house of knowledge. With memory, intelligence can continue to develop and knowledge can continue to accumulate. Here are a few games that help to enhance children's memory.

1, roll call in turn.

Arrange the six things on the table in order, let the children look at them for dozens of seconds, then cover them and let them name the six things in turn by memory.

Step 2 identify colors

Ask the children to close their eyes and tell them what color you are wearing. If you also close your eyes and say the colors of his clothes, shoes and socks, it will arouse children's greater interest in this game.

Step 3 find things

After hiding eight different small items in front of the children, let the children find them one by one.

Step 4 look at the picture and talk

Put 4-8 pictures of different contents on the table, let the children look at them for a while, and then cover them. Let the children describe the picture as accurately as possible.

5. The plane landed. "

Stick a big piece of paper on the wall as a map, and draw a large area on the paper as an "airport". Then make a "plane" out of paper, write the child's name and press a thumbtack on it. Let the child stand a few steps or more away from the map, let him observe the terrain first, then blindfold him, let him get close to the map, and let the "plane" land right on the "airport".

Step 6 look at the window

This game is suitable for taking children out to play. When passing by the shop window, let the children carefully observe the things displayed in the window first. After leaving, let the child say what he just saw.

What I have said above are some factors and some specific methods that constitute children's good study habits. When parents are training or cultivating, they should pay attention to let their children concentrate on their studies, instead of touching here and watching there or not entering the learning state. Some of them always have many meaningless pauses, standing and looking at pictures, or chatting and so on. These children seem to study, but in fact, the learning effect is extremely low, which not only wastes time, but also forms bad habits of being absent-minded, which will lead to dull thinking, reduced attention tension, affect intellectual development, make their studies backward, and even form procrastination style, and the efficiency of study and work is low. Therefore, in the requirements for children, don't just be satisfied with children sitting for hours, but educate children to concentrate and complete tasks efficiently within the specified time, even if it is only five minutes.

Content and training requirements of general learning behavior habits

Accustomed to the cultivation of internal content in the year.

Early childhood

1. Listen to the story attentively and regularly every day.

2. Draw a page every day.

3. Observe and talk. Observe one or two things every day and say them simply.

4. Hold the pen correctly and train the correct writing posture. (middle class and large class)

5. Love books, don't tear them, don't throw them around, and cherish them.

6. Tidy up school supplies, tidy them up and classify them.

Primary school stage

1. Love books, learn to wrap book covers, write names in appropriate places, don't wrinkle the corners of books, don't scribble on book covers and books, and often go to bookstores to buy new books.

2. Write and hold the pen correctly, sit correctly, do not wrinkle corners, write neatly, and strive for beauty.

3. Pay attention to the class, sit upright, don't do anything unrelated to the class, answer questions actively, and ask the teacher if you have any questions.

4. Think independently, write neatly and regularly, and finish on time.

Think about everything, ask a "why" and try to know the reason.

6. Using reference books will solve some learning difficulties with reference books recommended by teachers.

7. Take notes. When reading books, newspapers, lectures and speeches, take notes, grasp the main points and try to remember the original words.

8. Keep a diary every day, learn to take important notes and try to innovate.

9. Ask a teacher or classmate a question every day.

10. Arguing (discussing) with classmates can not only correctly understand each other's views, but also put forward their own views.

1 1. Reading newspapers every day has become a necessity.

12. Accumulate excerpts, cut out good sentences, paragraphs, articles and examples, and bind your own newspapers and periodicals.

13. Establish operation specifications, and standardize the writing format of assignments in all subjects.

14. Participate in extracurricular activities, cultural and sports activities, listen to reports, watch performances, watch competitions, contribute articles, participate in competitions, etc.

15. The establishment of preview routines is determined according to the characteristics of each subject.

16. Review follows the law of memory and masters the review methods of various subjects.

Generally speaking, habits can be formed in purposeful and planned training or in an unconscious state. And good study habits must be formed in conscious training, which is the fundamental difference between study habits and general habits. Because, compared with other habits, it will be very difficult to change bad study habits after they are formed, which is not conducive to children's growth.

Finally, I borrow a famous saying from Napoleon to end our communication today: sow the next action and you will reap a habit; Sow a habit and you will gain a character; Sow a character and you will reap a destiny. Facts show that habits affect success or failure, and habits change a person's life.