The positioning of the city determines the functional characteristics of the city, and the higher the level of the city, the higher the requirements for the functional areas of the city. Urban functional districts all show their own characteristics, and such characteristic functional districts are the result of the city's functional subdivision. This part elaborates the basic theory and practice of functional areas, with the following main contents:
Functional areas are the carriers for realizing urban functions;
Vibrant characteristic functional areas;
Characteristic functional areas are the root and embodiment of regional comparative advantages;
Characteristic functional areas of reference significance.
Key points:
1, functional area is the carrier of the realization of urban functions, the formation process of urban functional area is the process of industrial or urban functional elements in a specific urban space agglomeration. This process has a direct relationship with the city government's positioning of the city and the layout of urban functions.
2. Functional areas have very high agglomeration and diffusion effects; they have strong socio-economic effects; the competition between functional areas is the main form of modern regional competition.
3. Characteristic economic functional areas are the result of the subdivision of the city's economic function, and the comparative advantage formed by the characteristic functional areas is the core of the regional competitive advantage.
4. Examples of distinctive functional areas.
5. Characteristic functional districts with reference significance.
First, the functional area is the carrier of the realization of urban functions
The city is the inevitable product of the development of social productivity. Early human society's productivity level developed to a certain stage, the social division of labor and social interaction (economic and non-economic) dependence is increasing, objectively require the optimization of social and spatial resources to achieve the allocation of material resources - the realization of a variety of social functions integrated "city".
A modern city that realizes the optimal allocation of resources is composed of a number of clearly defined functional areas. The functions of the city are realized by these functional areas fully playing their roles. From a dynamic point of view, the formation process of urban functional areas is the process of industrial or urban functional elements gathering in a specific urban space. This process has a direct relationship with the city government's positioning of the city and the layout of urban functions.
(a) The four characteristics of urban functional zones
Urban functional zones are geographical spaces that can realize the spatial aggregation of relevant social resources and effectively perform a specific urban function, and are part of the urban organism.
Functional urban areas have the following four characteristics:
1, the carrier of urban functions
Functional areas are the carrier of urban functions, the form of spatial agglomeration to realize urban functions, and the way of modern urban operation. The city is composed of multiple functional areas, and the function of the city is the aggregate of all functional areas. Industrial agglomeration and functional optimization is the essence of the city's functional areas, each functional area, have their own main functions, to ensure that their own possession of the advantages of resource endowment to give full play to, but also to make the whole city in the multi-functional integration of the basis into a higher level of operation.
2. Obvious Aggregation Effect
Aggregation effect comes from the external economy and scope economy of the enterprise, because the aggregation can reduce the cost of each other's operation and improve the efficiency of the operation, so the aggregation of the industrial organization or industrial groups in the geographical area constitutes the structural form of the urban space. The agglomeration function of the city is manifested in the following aspects: First, it is an important resource conversion center, which converts the pooled and attracted resources into a variety of products, goods and information and knowledge products; second, it is a value-added center, which creates new value in the process of conversion of resource elements; third, it is a material distribution and circulation center; fourth, it is a capital allocation center; fifth, it is an information exchange and processing center; and sixth, it is a talent aggregation center.
The agglomeration effect of urban functional areas is manifested in the intensive distribution of social resources related to core functions, that is, it is manifested in the high-potential absorption and high-efficiency utilization of social resources such as talents, information, capital, material elements, technology, and so on, and it is the most centralized embodiment of the urban agglomeration effect, and it can create a huge economic output in a relatively limited territorial space.
3, radiation diffusion effect
Urban functional areas usually have a strong radiation diffusion ability, the relevant regions, related industries will be affected by its impact. The radiation diffusion function of functional areas lies in: one is to expand the scope of their own market rights; two is to construct a larger space agglomeration and collaboration system; three is to diffuse the advantageous capabilities of the functional area, such as technology, management, concepts, funds, etc., to the neighboring areas to penetrate and drive the development of the surrounding areas.
However, the size of this diffusion ability is also different, compared with administrative districts and residential districts and other non-economic functional areas, industrial districts, business districts and other economic functional areas have a stronger radiation diffusion ability, which will promote the surrounding areas of the economic and social evolution and development.
4, higher socio-economic benefits
The leading industries in the economic functional zones usually have higher economic benefits, and have the characteristics of multi-level and long industrial chain. The economic functional zones are the reality of the regional comparative advantages and core competitiveness, the source of power for the city's economic development, the engine of economic growth, and the main source of income for the region. For example, Ottawa Telecom Valley (Canada) with electronics and telecommunication as the main industries, and Bangalore (India) with high-tech products and components invention and production as the main industries are in the leading position of regional economic growth, and have a more complete industrial chain such as research and development, production, and trade within the functional area, which shows a good self-development and diffusion ability. The high efficiency of non-economic functional zones is reflected in the social benefits. Administrative functional areas are densely populated with administrative organs, which facilitates the handling of social affairs and improves the efficiency of urban operation.
Under the background of globalization, knowledge economy and information technology revolution, regional economic development is more dependent on the innovation power of industrial clusters in functional zones, and more dependent on the regional competitiveness which is carried by functional zones. The exclusive comparative advantage formed by functional zones is the core of regional competitive advantage. Creating strong economic functional zones, determining the status of the regional economy in the globalized economic system, and giving full play to comparative advantages are the strategic choices for post-development countries or regions to seek extraordinary economic development.
(B) The spatial layout of urban functional areas
After entering the 20th century, western developed countries, the speed of population migration to the city accelerated, land resources became tense, land use function competition is intense, the city appeared within the industrial, commercial, administrative, residential areas unprecedented spatial layout structure of functional areas. More and more scholars, especially American scholars, have put forward various theories on urban structure, explaining the process of development and the way of formation of urban structure, and explaining the characteristics and distribution law of functional zoning. It is the emergence and development of functional zones that promotes the optimization of urban structure. Therefore, the characteristics of urban structure are the characteristics of the distribution and development of functional zones within a city, and when studied from the perspective of functional zones, the theory of urban structure is also the theory of the distribution and development of urban functional zones.
Summarized, there are three basic modes of spatial structure within a city:
Concentric Circle Mode
E?W. Burgess, a professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, first proposed the theory of concentric circle urban territorial structure in 1925. According to this theory, the city is organized around a single core of land with different functions, expanding outward in a regular manner to form a concentric circle structure. This theory essentially divides the city's territorial structure into three concentric circles: the central business district, the residential district and the commuting district. The Central Business District (CBD) consists mainly of a central shopping street, offices, banks, stock markets, high-class shopping centers and retail stores. The outer layer of the CBD is the residential area. And the commuter zone is located in the suburbs with a better living environment, with a variety of low-rise high-class residential and recreational facilities, and the high-income class commutes to and from the suburbs between the city and the city.
The formation and development of Beijing's functional districts since the founding of the country is basically a concentric-circle pattern, with the inner city being the core area of the city, the residential districts distributed in large numbers between the second and the fifth ring roads, and low-density residences, such as villas and townhouses, distributed in the far suburbs. However, Beijing's concentric-circle model does not have particularly clear functional zoning, as the core area is home to many of the city's functions (administrative center, historical and cultural center, business center, commercial center, etc.), and due to time distances and other reasons, commuting between the city and suburbs is not a mainstream option for wealthy suburban dwellers.
Sector model
The American land economist H. Hoyt, through his study of rents in 142 North American cities and the distribution of urban land prices, concluded that the high land price areas are located on one side of the city in one or two or more sectors, forming a wedge-shaped development; the low land price areas are also located on one side of the city or a certain sector from the center outward, and the price of land within the sector does not vary with the distance from the city center. Low-value areas also extend outward from the center on one side or within a certain sector, and land prices within the sector do not vary with the distance from the city center. The development of the city always extends outward from the city center along the main traffic arteries or along the least obstructive routes. In other words, once the nature of a sector of the urban territory is determined, it will not change much as the city grows and the sector expands outward.
According to Hoyt's sector theory, the structure of the urban territory is described as: the central business district is located in the central district; wholesale and light industrial areas along the transportation lines from the city center outward as a wedge; due to the central district, wholesale and light industry on the residential environment, the residential area shows the transition from low rent to medium rent, but high rents along one or more of the city's traffic arterials from the low rent area to the suburbs into a wedge. The high rents are extended in a wedge shape along one or more of the city's transportation arteries from the low-rent areas to the suburbs.
Multi-core model
American geographers C.D. Harris and E.L. Ullman in the study of different types of urban geographic structure found that, in addition to the CBD as the center of the city, there are other centers that dominate a certain area. There are four main reasons for the formation of these centers:
(1) Certain activities require specialized facilities, such as retail areas where access is best, and industries that require extensive land and convenient transportation.
(2) Concentration due to agglomeration effect of similar activity factors.
(3) Conflicts of interest may arise between different types of activities.
(4) Certain activities cannot afford the high land prices of a desirable location.
They argued that the larger the city, the larger and more specialized the core. Industry location, land rent and house price, agglomeration benefit and diffusion benefit are the main factors leading to the urban geographic structure differentiation and functional zoning.
This theory suggests that cities are made up of a number of discontinuous territories, which are formed and developed around different cores. The central business district does not necessarily reside in the geometric center of the city, but it is the focus of urban traffic; wholesale and light industrial districts are close to the city center, but is located in a convenient place for external traffic links; residential areas are divided into three categories, low-level residential areas close to the central business district and wholesale, light industrial districts, intermediate and high-level residential areas in order to seek a good living environment is often deviated from the side of the city's development, and they have the corresponding City sub-center; heavy industry and satellite cities are arranged in the suburbs of the city.
Beijing's current and future development is more inclined to this multi-core model, with a few functional areas such as CBD, Zhongguancun, and Financial Street having obvious aggregation and diffusion effects, which are sufficient to become the regional core of the city. The multi-core model is the result of further subdivision of urban functions, the result of different resource environments to meet different urban functions, and the result of optimized allocation of resources.
(C) Economic functional areas and non-economic functional areas
There are many classification criteria for functional areas, and according to the needs of the study, they can be divided into non-economic functional areas and economic functional areas according to the degree of relevance to the economy.
Non-economic functional zones refer to administrative districts, residential areas, and other aggregated areas that are not directly related to industrial activities.
The economic functional area is where the core development capability of a region lies. Economic functional areas have their own leading industries, strong development ability, economic control ability and gathering and diffusion ability. In the process of modern urban development, the economic functional area not only has to meet the functional needs of the city, but also will occupy an important position in the industrial division of labor system in the larger region, to meet the needs of the region and even globalization of different economic functions.
According to the different dominant industries, economic functional zones can be subdivided into industrial zones, business zones, commercial zones and tourism zones.
Second, the dynamic characteristics of the economic functional areas
Special economic functional areas are based on the economic functional areas, in order to have a certain distinctive features to obtain exclusive comparative advantage and development of energy economic functional areas.
With the development of social economy, the further subdivision of economic functional areas will become an inevitable trend. Fundamentally, this change in regional functions is the objective requirements of the development of productive forces, is the competition intensification, the objective reflection of the market segmentation, is the result of the further refinement of the social division of labor.
Characteristic economic functional zones have sprouted and grown in the economic soil of China. In the market economic environment, they are full of vigor and competitiveness, showing extremely strong survival advantages.
(I) Specialty Industrial Zone
Specialty Industrial Zone is the result of the refinement of the development of industrial zones, which is the spatial and economic manifestation of the development of a certain emerging or strong industrial agglomeration and scale expansion. The most typical featured industrial zone in Beijing is Zhongguancun, which is endowed with broad development space and strong development force as the featured high-tech industry.
Specialty industrial zones are developed earlier and more mature in western countries, such as Silicon Valley in the United States.
In 1951, Stanford University, which is located in Santa Clara Valley, south of San Francisco City, founded the world's first specialized scientific research park - Stanford Research Park (Stanford Research Park) on its campus. Stanford Research Park was eventually developed into the most famous high-tech industry area in the United States - "Silicon Valley", gathered world-class high-tech companies such as Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Apple and so on.
As a high-tech industrial zone, Silicon Valley has a strong capacity for innovation and development. Many of the world's leading high-tech industries and products come from here, and the three technological revolutions -- semiconductors in the 1970s, PCs in the 1980s, and the Internet in the 1990s -- all took place in Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley and its surrounding listed technology companies with a total market capitalization of up to 500 billion U.S. dollars, close to the entire French stock market. Silicon Valley only computer and semiconductor manufacturing, accounting for 45% of U.S. industrial growth.
Specialty industrial zones need the support of the development environment. For example, if there is no rich resources and favorable environment for scientific research and talents in the high-tech industrial zone, it will be difficult to form a scale and healthy development.
Characteristics:
1, a certain industrial agglomeration base.
2, good development environment, including industrial environment, financial environment, policy environment and so on.
3, rich knowledge resources and human resources.
4, better municipal transportation, business support facilities.
5. The prevalence of innovative culture.
(B) Characteristic business districts
The large-scale transfer of factors of production in the modern economy to advanced service industries, and the high concentration of advanced and specialized service industries in international cities have led to a rapid increase in the demand for business office space, and the geographical structure of the "production-oriented" cities formed in the era of industrialization has changed into a "service-oriented" city, with the result that the demand for business office space has increased rapidly. The geographical structure of "production-oriented" cities formed during the industrialization era has been transformed into "service-oriented" cities. Central business districts developed by regional governments often appear in the form of urban sub-centers, which not only form the agglomeration of modern business activities, but also differentiate the overly concentrated urban spatial structure.
Since the 1970s, the original high concentration of business office activities in the central business district began to diverge, and the urban spatial structure also showed a trend of development of multi-center mode or network mode, the emergence of characteristic business district. Characteristic business districts are business districts that provide more targeted and specialized environments, facilities and services for a narrower group of customers.
Compared to ordinary business districts, the mainstream companies in specialty business districts are more related or similar in terms of their main business, company size, nature of the company, technology level, and talent needs, and have more consistent environmental needs.
Beijing's Financial Street can largely be viewed as a specialty business district. In the 1 square kilometer area of the Financial Street, there are more than 300 national financial institutions such as the People's Bank of China, Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Bank of Communications, China Merchants Bank, CITIC Industrial Bank, Beijing Municipal Commercial Bank, as well as the China Securities Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, CIRC, PICC, Ping An Insurance Company, Huatai Insurance Company and more than 300 famous enterprises, basically forming a financial institution with a strong presence in the financial district. Famous enterprises, basically formed a new financial business district with financial institutions, communication and network companies as the main focus, supplemented by legal, consulting, evaluation and other supporting service organizations.
Characteristics:
1, the basis of industrial agglomeration with a certain degree of competitiveness;
2, a good business environment, the ability of communication network to handle a large amount of information;
3, positive industrial policies and institutional environment;
4, convenient internal and external transportation;
5, the gathering of leading enterprises and a high concentration of experts
(C) Characteristic business district
Characteristic business district, is a special business activity area, has a certain distinctive features, and this feature in a certain area within the scope of the absolute competitive advantage and irreplaceability.
From the reason of characteristics, the characteristic business district can be divided into the following two types:
1, environmental characteristics of the type
As the name suggests, the irreplaceability of this characteristic business district from its unique environment and location advantages. Such as a long tradition and prime location of Wangfujing Pedestrian Street, with a business area of 310,000 square meters, annual sales of more than 4 billion yuan, is Beijing's largest, most large-scale integrated shopping malls, the oldest collection of municipal commercial centers. Wangfujing has become one of the symbols of Beijing in a certain sense, and has become part of the image of Beijing, with a kind of competitive advantage that is difficult to compete with.
Qianmen Commercial Street also belongs to the environmental characteristics of the commercial district.
The Qianmen Commercial Street has a history of more than 800 years, and was once the largest commercial center in the capital, with some old and famous stores still surviving. In the store layout, architectural form, business characteristics and varieties, etc. are reflected in the strong traditional cultural colors. However, in recent years, due to traffic, parking and other conditions, coupled with numerous nearby cultural relics, old and dilapidated buildings, Qianmen commercial district transformation is more difficult, and other commercial centers compared to the slower development. At present, the business is mainly distributed on both sides of Qianmen Street and Dazhalan area. The existing business area of 83,000 square meters, sales of 740 million yuan, mainly small and medium-sized outlets, large outlets less.
2, product characteristics of the type
Product characteristics of the type of commercial district, refers to the uniqueness of certain products or services and strong competitive advantage of the characteristics of the neighborhood, such as Beijing's Maliandao Tea Street, Sanlitun, a street of bars, Dongzhimen Guijie.
The old Guijie was initially formed in 1997. At that time, there were 148 merchants, including 45 catering merchants, which began to form a dining character. It starts from the west end of the Dongzhimen overpass on the Second Ring Road, and on September 28, 2000, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce named the street "Catering Characteristics Street". Due to the early years of the midnight market, the folk called it "ghost street", later known as "Guijie", the formation of the red door face red lanterns of the unique streetscape.
In 2001, due to the renovation of old and dilapidated buildings and the transformation of municipal roads, only half of Gui Street remained, and in August 2002, the new Gui Street was reopened. In order to revitalize the river, Gui Street 45 restaurant tenants reached a business **** knowledge, for this special dining street into the new cultural connotation.
Gui Street daily consumption of lobster are 18,000 to 20,000 pounds, equivalent to about 1/3 of the total consumption in Beijing, to solve the employment problem of 50,000 to 60,000 people, the total output value of the annual average of 15% high-speed growth in 2000, the amount of profits and taxes has accounted for the entire Dongcheng District private catering industry, 1/10, the roadside restaurants in the chef's income of more than 10,000 yuan per month. Guijie, as a specialty restaurant street, has created huge economic and social benefits.
3. Characteristics
(1) a certain market base of product recognition;
(2) convenient transportation, good location conditions;
(3) irreplaceable in a certain area of the environment or product services;
(4) a strong industrial clustering or consumption concentration effect;
(5) government policy support.
(D) Specialty Tourism Area
Specialty tourism area refers to a tourism area that closely combines material, spiritual or cultural elements with tourism and gives it a richer meaning, so as to realize the purpose of attracting tourists and stimulating tourism consumption.
Tourism areas that combine tourism with culture, especially with national culture, are now the mainstream of the development of specialty tourism areas. For example, Disneyland, which represents American culture, and Hangzhou Songcheng, which represents China's Song Dynasty culture, have achieved great success by y rooting culture in tourism.
Wei Xiaoan, director of the National Tourism Planning and Development Finance Department, pointed out in the article "Tourism Culture and Cultural Tourism" that "for tourists, tourism activities are highly economic cultural activities, but for tourism operators, tourism is a highly cultural economic activities".
Characteristic tourism has become the development direction of the tourism industry, and in the future, the characteristic tourism area will explode with greater vitality and competitiveness, and create greater economic benefits.
Characteristics:
1, the quality of local tourism resources and the origin of history and culture, the comparative advantage is obvious;
2, strong diffusion effect, the surrounding areas and related industries will be radiated;
3, the high demand for resource integration capacity;
4, the creation and dissemination of tourism brand;
5, the maturity of the tourism market .
Third, the characteristics of the functional area is the root and embodiment of the regional comparative advantage
In the early stages of economic development, inter-regional competition is based only on the region's own resource endowment advantages, the level of industrial agglomeration is not high, the regional division of labor is just a simple way of division of labor in which you produce food and I produce cloth. The important feature of the simple division of labor is that the biggest difference between regional functions lies in the different product categories.
But with the regional expansion of trade and the development of industrial scale and level, the comparative advantage of providing a particular product can no longer be exclusively enjoyed by the only one or a few regions, too many functional areas have this advantage, and the market can accommodate a large number of functional areas to provide the same type of product. In the face of more specialized competitors, the vastness of the market information, to win in the competition, just rely on low cost is not enough.
Specialty functional areas are adapted to this situation developed. Characteristics of functional areas must have the advantages of functional areas - obvious agglomeration effect and good economic efficiency, but it can be the same or higher than the production efficiency of the ordinary functional areas to occupy more markets, the root cause of the characteristics of the functional areas to create a distinctive regional characteristics of its access to more attention to the market (who can pass the message to more more demanders, who will be able to achieve greater competitive advantage, more benefits); at the same time, the more finely divided product market also achieved higher production efficiency and more effective customers.
Therefore, the characteristic functional area is the root of regional comparative advantage, and the strength of a characteristic functional area is also the specific embodiment of the region's comparative advantage.
To enhance the competitiveness of a region, not only to build functional areas, but also to make the functional areas of the city's functions and provide products or have a certain feature, this "feature" from the perspective of the city's functions is essential to the long-term development of a city; from the perspective of the product or service, the formation of the advantages of a short period of time is irreplaceable. From the perspective of products or services, the advantages it creates cannot be replaced in a short period of time. In the process of building a functional area in a metropolis, it is only by seeking functional characteristics that it is possible to adapt to the needs of the modern market of specialization and informationization, and to form an exclusive and irreplaceable comparative advantage. Therefore, to create a functional area with special features is the foundation of regional economic development to form a comparative advantage, but also a realistic way of regional extraordinary development.
Fourth, with reference to the significance of the characteristics of the functional areas
Shanghai Xintiandi - characteristics of the commercial district
Shanghai Xintiandi is located in the heart of Shanghai, adjacent to the south side of the bustling Huaihai Middle Road, started in early 1999, completed in June 2000, covering a total area of 30,000 square meters. The building area is 60,000 square meters, which is a fashionable leisure pedestrian street composed of Shikumen buildings and modern buildings.
"Shikumen" is a traditional building with typical Shanghai style, which is designed with European-style townhouses on the outer wall, while retaining the characteristics of Jiangnan houses such as patio, guest rooms and compartments on the inner wall, which is a kind of beautiful and elegant residence combining the East and the West. Its black lacquer gate with two large copper rings and thick granite doorframe contains the beauty of the ingenious fusion of Eastern and Western arts, which was once favored by Shanghai people and called "Shikumen". In the old Shanghai, owning a single Shikumen was a symbol of identity and status, and their owners were mostly social celebrities from Jiangsu, Zhejiang and the local wealthy class in Shanghai.
In the 1920s and 1930s, Shikumen was the most beautiful era, and most of the residents were the upper-middle class in Shanghai. Shikumen was home to such cultural figures as Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Zhou Xinfang, Liu Haisu, Hu Die and Zou Taofen, and it was also used as the venue for the first National Congress of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
In order to truly reflect Shanghai's history and culture, and at the same time make the new district meet the needs of Shanghai's international city image, American old city renovation expert Benjamin Wood Design Office and Oriental cultural background. In order to truly reflect the history and culture of Shanghai, and at the same time make the new district meet the needs of Shanghai's international city image, American old city renovation expert Benjamin Wood Design Office and the Oriental culture background of Singapore Nikken Design Office and Tongji University Design Institute of the *** with the cooperation of different perspectives to cut Shikumen Lilong. The exterior of the Shikumen complex retains the brick walls, roof tiles and Shikumen doors of the past, making one feel as if one has traveled back in time to the 1920s. However, the interior of each building is designed according to the lifestyle, rhythm and emotional characteristics of modern urbanites, becoming galleries, fashion stores, themed restaurants and coffee bars.
Xintiandi's Shikumen Lilong embodies 21st-century comfort and convenience in every way, with automatic elevators, central air conditioning, and broadband Internet. Consumers can go online to quickly check the prices of goods in stores and the menus of restaurants and bars, as well as movies staged in movie theaters, and reserve seats, and browse directly online to watch cultural performances in Xintiandi's piazza and restaurants.
Xintiandi has become the focal point and image of Shanghai. Stars, artists, entrepreneurs, bankers, and diplomats in Shanghai have come to visit the venue. International modeling competitions, fashion shows, Japanese oni taiko drum seating performances, and fashionable cultural events such as movie press conferences by famous movie stars have chosen to debut at Xintiandi in Shanghai, with more than 300 events organized over a two-year period***. Recruitment is open to well-known brands from all over the world, with 85% of the existing 98 tenants coming from countries and regions outside mainland China.
Xintiandi has invested more than 1 billion dollars, and under the business strategy of only renting but not selling, it is difficult to recover the money on the surface. But because of the brand effect of "Xintiandi", driven by the surrounding land prices, from the beginning of the 7,000 yuan per square meter - 10,000 yuan, to the current 17,000 yuan per square meter - 25,000 yuan. The first phase of its "Cuihu Tiandi" project was sold out, and 2,000 people lined up for the second phase. With a total construction area of 800,000 square meters, this high-end community will bring great benefits to investors. The "Xintiandi" is actually a trump card for investors, and with this trump card, Hong Kong Shui On Group has already entered Hangzhou and Chongqing.
Characteristics:
1. Combination of old city renovation and cosmopolitan image construction.
2. A unique approach to traditional architectural innovation that makes reasonable trade-offs with history. Faced with the dilemma of historical preservation, Xintiandi has taken the approach of deliberately preserving the historical traces on the fa?ade of the building on the one hand, and boldly innovating the building's internal structure and facilities on the other hand, which has yielded very good results.
3. The experience of history and culture is closely integrated with commercial value.
4. Strong ability to integrate market resources.
5. Successful operation has made Xintiandi a highlight of Shanghai and won the world with its strong regionality, and enhanced the regional value with its recognizable, situational and environmental suitability.
6. Finding profitable investment capital in large-scale high-end residential areas outside of Xintiandi.
Hangzhou Songcheng--Specialized Tourism Area
Hangzhou Songcheng Tourism Scenic Area is located in the southwest of the West Lake Scenic Area, relying on Wuyun Mountain in the north and Qiantang River in the south, and it is the largest Song Culture Specialized Tourism Area in China, which is invested and constructed by Hangzhou World City Songcheng Properties Co.
Songcheng is a theme park featuring the cultural connotation of the two Song dynasties. The overall design refers to Zhang Zeduan's "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", showing the prosperity of the Song Dynasty city, while introducing Western artistic treatment to enhance the inclusiveness and impact of the landscape. Songcheng is divided into several distinctive tour areas such as "Qingming Riverside Drawing" reproduction area, Nine Dragons Square area, Songcheng Square area, Immortal Mountain Qiongge area, Southern Song Dynasty Style Garden area, etc., which creates the atmosphere of the Song Dynasty city from different perspectives.
Songcheng began construction in 1994, May 18, 1996 officially opened, with a total investment of 160 million yuan. "Give me a day, give you a thousand years" slogan in the West Lake, a shot, domestic and foreign tourists come and go, so far **** received more than ten million tourists, the average annual ticket revenue of more than 60 million yuan.
Songcheng Real Estate Co., Ltd.'s ability to integrate tourism resources to further expand their development space. They take tourism as the leading industry, drive real estate development, higher education, cultural communication, e-commerce, etc., and have achieved a lucrative return, but also promote the local economic development.
Characteristics:
1, to meet the modern people to find their roots, nostalgia for the ancient heart needs.
2, the traditional culture as the heritage of tourism, increasing the characteristics of tourism, but also to achieve the industrialization of traditional culture.
3, the overall operation, market-oriented.
4, deep integration of tourism resources. Tourism development and real estate combined, through tourism to bring prosperity to the real estate; at the same time, founded the University of Tourism, held exhibitions and expositions, etc., to give full play to the existing advantages.
Headquarters Economy - Characteristic Business District
Headquarters economy refers to the complete commercialization of corporate headquarters, in the central city of the business environment in the region to achieve a good business environment, multi-headquarters cluster distribution, to improve the efficiency of the headquarters operations, and production and processing sectors are arranged in the lower-cost peripheral areas or the field. The headquarters economy can create various favorable conditions to attract multinational corporations and large-scale enterprise group headquarters in foreign ports to gather, so as to form a reasonable value chain division of labor. Headquarters economy for the development of a region has five effects: First, the tax supply effect, where the headquarters, where the general settlement center, part of the tax will remain in the headquarters location; Second, the industrial effect, the headquarters to move into a region, will lead to industrial clustering effect, driven by the development of tertiary industries in the region; Third, the consumption-pulling effect, the headquarters not only brings a series of production activities, but also a series of consumer activities; Fourth, the employment multiplier effect; Fourth, the employment multiplier effect. The fourth is the employment multiplier effect, the employment generated by business services and living services book employment can often bring new employment; the fifth is the social capital effect, a regional headquarters the more aggregated the more it will attract social resources and its related social capital to continue to enter, the formation of a greater industrial cluster effect.
Under the general trend of economic globalization, the headquarters economy has become a new economic form pursued by many countries (regions). Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong and other countries (regions), have put the development of headquarters economy in the development of their own (regional) economy in an important position.
The Dongshan District of Guangzhou is an area where the characteristics of the headquarters economy are very obvious. in 2002, the headquarters economy of the district directly created corporate profits amounted to 10.1 billion yuan, accounting for more than 70% of the profits of all enterprises in the district. At the same time, it has also become the main source of tax revenue, although the number of headquarters accounted for only 2% of the total number of enterprises in the region, but the amount of tax revenue accounted for 80% of the total income of the region's local tax. In line with this, the value added of the tertiary industry in Dongshan District accounted for more than 90% of the GDP last year, and the proportion of employees is more than 80%.
By the end of 2001, 325 of the world's top 500 companies in the name of the headquarters in mainland China to open all levels of representative offices, offices, China's head office, of which more than 50% are located in Beijing. The Zhongguancun (Fengtai) headquarters base in Beijing was also launched in April 2003, with a total investment of about RMB 4.5 billion. With a total investment of about RMB 4.5 billion and a total construction area of about 1.06 million square meters, the project is expected to be fully built in 3 to 5 years