The origin of Xu surname in Chaoshan

First, the garrison at the end of Qin Dynasty said

Like the legend of Xu Shi's entry into Fujian, the origin of Xu surname in Chaoshan should be traced back to the legacy of garrison at the end of Qin Dynasty. Because the theory that Qin Fabing sent 511,111 soldiers to defend Lingnan really exists, the possibility should be acknowledged in theory.

In Chaoshan area, even in other parts of Guangdong and Guangxi, there are still some Xu's families scattered, and their ethnic origin is unknown. For these Xu Shi residents, we should not casually affirm or deny that they are descendants of the Qin garrison in those days.

Second, sporadic migration to the south

After merchants, officials, tourists, hermits and asylum seekers landed in eastern Guangdong and took root and multiplied, the Xu family in Chaoshan naturally gained another source. Most of these immigrants are those who have a record to find and a spectrum to talk about. However, no matter where they come from, the origin of these Xu families is always inseparable from the Xu residents in that year. Or Levin, Hebei, or Changyi, Shandong, or Runan, Henan, and other derivatives of the Xu clan in the above areas.

Third, the theory of attachment and its anecdotes

The theory of attachment is that the migrants from other places, after entering Chaoshan, attach themselves to the local Xu Shi villages, rich households, luxurious rooms and other attachment subjects, and settle down as Xu's family, becoming a new component of the Chaoshan Xu Shi family. Most of these people are mediocre cultivators, that is, tenant farmers; The grave keeper is a small family. There are also helpers, servants and handymen, which are collectively referred to as dependent promises. Among this group of people, although some people admit that Xu's surname is new, they still cling to the old surname, so there are stories such as "Born Huang and died Xu", "Born Zhang and died Xu" and "Born Shi and died Xu", that is, when they live in the world, they call themselves Huang, Zhang and Shi, and after they die, they call themselves Xu, and Xu Shi is engraved on the tombstone. This Li Yanhua came into being. In the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, during the turbulent period in the late Ming Dynasty, after the soldiers killed and plundered, some families of Xu's surname originally hid Xu's surname when they were alive and recognized Xu's surname when they died, and the stories of "giving birth to a seal and giving birth to a stone" also appeared, which became an "anecdote" in the history of Xu Shi's source exploration in Chaoshan.

In the late period of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolutionary Movement, more than ten places in Wang Haiyang, Kang Wang, which were defeated by many people, were finally eliminated. Therefore, Fang Yao, the company commander of Chaozhou, took advantage of the situation to clear his hometown, and all of them were killed. Xu Ting, a great gentry in Jieyang, is still a male, and Fang Yao is his brother-in-law, and his in-laws are very friendly. The court still heard that some people from other provinces in Xu Shi, mostly from Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other provinces, who were captured by Wang Department, would be beheaded. The old gentleman suffered from the misfortune of the same clan, and wanted to save him, so he took a group of descendants and begged for help from the military gate. In fact, many of these prisoners of war released by the Wang Taiping Army are not surnamed Xu. They just improvise, play it by ear, say their Xu Shi's surname, and stand among the prisoners of war in Xu Shi, with about 411 people. Finally, these people attached themselves to Xu Tingyou and Xu Xiqian, the giants of Jieyang Xu Shi, and became tenant farmers. Keeping the grange and ancestral tombs in Jieyang, Puning, Fengshun and other places is a typical example of attaching to Xu's surname.

Fourth, the theory of entering the tide from Fujian

The theory that Xu Shi people in Chaoshan are from southern Fujian is the most spectacular, and many families worship this theory. The evidence is clear and it is true throughout the ages. The Xu family in Chaoshan from this source accounts for more than 91% of the whole tide in Xu Shi, and becomes the main part of the residents with Xu surname in Chaoshan, which is the central narrative object of this book. The following details are divided into several levels:

1. Time

The time of Xu Shi's migration and spread from Fujian can be generally divided into two periods: one is the reign of Emperor Gong in the late Five Dynasties (955-959 AD); First, during the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, Xu Shi entered the tide from Fujian twice.

2. Reasons

War. The historical record is "during the reign of Emperor Gong of Zhou Dynasty, Nanzhao changed its army." Nanzhao is the vast area in southern Fujian today, specifically Zhaoan area. The "military revolution" is war, war and the disasters it brings. As for the events of the late Song Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty, it was a period of alternating dynasties. At that time, in addition to the chaos brought by the general trend of the northern soldiers going south, Xu Shi fought against Yuan and Yuan soldiers in southeast dispatch troops. Representative figures are Xu Junfu, the magistrate of Nanjing County, Xu Hanqing, Wen Xinlang, and Mrs. Chen Xu, the wife of Han Qing. Mrs Xu is Chen Wenlong's daughter and Chen's aunt. After the war in southern Fujian, Xu Shi moved south to Chaoshan twice, because of the mutiny. The family of Mr. Xu Xinliang, a well-known person in Taiwan Province, has eight sentences of "Ancestor Recognition Poem" handed down from generation to generation, the first two of which are: Nanzhao was handed down from generation to generation, and the Song and Yuan Dynasties were difficult to separate.

This sentence handed down from Nanzhao, when applied to the Xu family in Chaoshan, means that Chaoshan Xu Shi originated from southern Fujian. "The Song and Yuan Dynasties were difficult to separate" indicates the scene, time and reason of the second batch of migrants from Fujian to Xu Shi at the turn of the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

3. Representative figures

During the reign of Emperor Gong of the Zhou Dynasty after the Five Dynasties, Xu Shi, the ancestor of Kaizhang in the Tang Dynasty, Qiu, Yi Zhongzhao Yinghou and Xu Tianzheng, the thirteenth grandson of Xuanwei General, attacked Xuanwei General and Xu Lie, the doctor of Chaosan, and led the ethnic group to move from Nanzhao to Hanshan Qianxiang, Chaoyang (Chaozhou), thus becoming the ancestor of Xu Shi.

Xu Lie's eldest brother, Xu Xiachen, and his third brother, Dr. Xu You, also moved to Maping at the same time, and then their factions moved to Taiwan Province and other places, and some people detoured to Fujian soon, and moved outward again in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty.

Xu Lie, who entered the tide, founded Hanshan Shanqian Township, and then separated from Chaoyang and Jieyang. Some of them, like Xu Xiachen and Xu You tribe in Maping, moved back to Fujian soon. After the end of the Song Dynasty, a large number of these ethnic groups moved back to Chaoshan area from Fujian, and they multiplied and developed together with the people who were born in Chaoshan during the reign of Emperor Gong of the Zhou Dynasty after the Five Dynasties, forming a pattern in which residents surnamed Xu in Chaoshan started their own businesses. In addition to the above-mentioned Chaozhou area and Chao 'an county, their distribution areas are also covered with Jieyang, Chaoyang, Chenghai, Raoping, South Australia, Huilai, Puning, Lufeng, Haifeng, Hainan and Leizhou.

4. Migration route and birthplace of tidal inflow

The tidal inflow route of Xu Shi Minzhi mostly comes from Quanzhou, Putian, Zhangzhou, Nanjing, Zhao 'an, Zhangpu and Longxi counties in Fujian. The Xu Lie clan, the main ethnic group of Xu Shi tribe in Chaoshan, entered the tide during the reign of Emperor Gong of the Zhou Dynasty in the late Five Dynasties, and its brother Xu Yi Maping Xu clan moved to Huichao in the late Song Dynasty.

As for the guest families, Xu Shi entered Guangdong, mostly from Henan provinces, passing through Ninghua, Tingzhou, Yongding, Tai Po and Meixian in Fujian, and it became a shortcut.

Mr. Xu Xinliang's family in Taiwan Province is known as "The Poem of Ancestor Recognition", saying:

Nanzhao has been handed down from generation to generation, and it was difficult to separate it in Song and Yuan Dynasties.

There are branches and leaves beside Maping Creek, and there are several townships with vast lakes and tidal waves.

It's difficult for brothers to know the order, and this branch is more melodious.

today, if you want to reveal the origin, you always recognize Tao as the birthplace!

The "Tao Gong" in the poem is General Xu Tao, the 61th ancestor of Xu Shi, the father of Xu Tianzheng, the ancestor of Kaizhang. In those days, the deputy marshal who went out with Zheng Chen to explore the southeast side should be the ancestor of Xu Shi's entry into Fujian; It is also the ancestor of Min Sect in Chaoshan Xu Shi. As for the ancestor of Xu Shi in Chaoshan, it was Xu Lie, a doctor in Chaosan and a general who attacked Xuanwei. The birthplace of Xu Shi's entry into the tide is Hanshan Qianxiang created by Xu Lie, which is around the former site of Hanshan Teachers College in Chaozhou today. This place is also the ancestral home of the famous Xu Shen.