Shaoshan is the hometown of the great leader Mao Zedong, a famous revolutionary memorial site and a national key scenic spot. It is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Hunan Province, located at 112.5 east longitude and 27.9 north latitude. In 2113, the city's total population was million, covering an area of 211.38 square kilometers. Shaoshan is located in the middle of Hunan Province, covering an area of 211 square kilometers. Shaoshan is a subtropical monsoon humid climate zone with excellent natural and ecological environment, with four distinct seasons, an average annual temperature of 16.7℃, abundant rainfall, an average annual precipitation of 1358 mm, a frost-free period of about 281 days, and an average annual sunshine of 1717 hours. The forest coverage rate is 56%, the air is very fresh, and it has the reputation of "natural oxygen bar".

At present, tourism has become the leading industry in Shaoshan, with the former residence of Mao Zedong, bronze statue of Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong Memorial Hall, Mao Zedong Heritage Museum, Mao Zedong Poetry Forest, Mao Zedong Memorial Garden and other human landscapes as the main body, and based on the natural landscapes such as Shaofeng, Dishui Cave and Heishizhai, it has 82 scenic spots in 7 scenic spots, which is a comprehensive tourist area integrating tourism, viewing, entertainment and leisure.

Mao Zedong's former residence in Shaoshan City

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shaoshan * * * has received more than 41 million Chinese and foreign guests. In recent years, there have been about 1.8 million tourists coming to Shaoshan every year, and the total tourism revenue in 2112 reached 311 million yuan. Shaoshan has formed a relatively complete industrial and agricultural system. With a good agricultural foundation, it is an important commodity grain and pig base in Hunan Province, and its industries are mainly casting, electronics, meat, veterinary drugs, textiles, etc. Some products have become famous brand products that sell well at home and abroad. There are more than 31 foreign-invested enterprises in Shaoshan, most of which have good economic benefits.

Shaoshan Mao Zedong's former residence

Shaoshan was the place where Comrade Mao Zedong lived, studied, worked and engaged in revolutionary activities in his youth. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, this place has always been concerned and valued by the Party and the state. Under the leadership of the Party, Shaoshan has changed from a remote and backward mountain village to a national-level scenic spot with rapid development of industry and agriculture, generally improved education, science and technology, culture and health, numerous memorial attractions and complete service facilities. Management organization: Shaoshan Administration Bureau of Hunan Province, accredited by Hunan Provincial Party Committee, is in charge of publicity, reception, construction, protection and management of Shaoshan memorial sites and scenic spots. Shaoshan City, a county-level government, was established in 1991 with an area of 211 square kilometers. Shaoshan receives more than 1 million tourists from home and abroad every year. It is an excellent civilized tourist city in China and a national patriotic education demonstration base. It is the first and necessary tourist destination for visitors to Hunan. The city flower of Shaoshan is rhododendron, which represents revolution and happiness.

historical evolution

"Shao" is the musical name of Yu Shun. "Shu Yi Ji" said: "91% of the flute is played, and the phoenix is brought to the instrument." History: "Shaoshan, according to legend, when Shun visited the south, playing Shaoshan was happy with it, because of its name." (The Records of Hunan Province and Geography quoted from the Records of Jiaqing Unification (Volume 354). According to this, Ci Hai interprets Shaoshan: "According to legend, when Yu Shun was on a southern tour in ancient times, playing Shaoshan was happy with it, hence the name ... The mountain has eight scenic spots and beautiful scenery.

Shaoshan (1) Yu Shun, the leader of tribal alliance in the late patriarchal clan society in ancient times. Yao, nicknamed Yu, was born again, known as Yu Shun. He is another wise monarch and holy Lord who has been respected by the Chinese nation for generations after Yao. He was highly valued by Yao, who not only abdicated the title of leader to him, but also betrothed his two daughters, E Huang and Nv Ying.

after he succeeded to the throne, Shun took pains to cross the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, explored the advantages and disadvantages of mountains and rivers, and planned the grand plan of reclamation in order to benefit mankind, expand territory and bid farewell to his lover. On the way to the south, Shun and his attendants camped in Shaoshan. The attendants sang and danced for Shun Di. With the beautiful music and dance, the cliffs were lonely, the mountains were ringing, the trees were shocked, and the phoenix spread its wings and sang. Mountain scenery, human event, passed down from ancient times. Over time, people called the music that Shun Di had enjoyed Shaole, and the mountain where he enjoyed Shaole was Shaoshan.

from the Qin dynasty to the western Han dynasty, it belonged to southern Hunan county, and remained unchanged from the eastern Han dynasty to the Jin dynasty. Southern Qi abolished Xiangnan County, so it belonged to Xiangxi County. In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (589), he entered Hengshan County. In the eighth year of Tang Tianbao (749), Hengshan County was changed to Xiangtan County; From then on to the Song Dynasty, it belonged to Xiangtan County. Xiangtan County in Yuan Dynasty rose to Xiangtan State, and Shaoshan belonged to Tanzhou. In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Juyili, Yifeng Township, Xiangtan County; The Qing Dynasty was the seventh department of Xiangtan County. On February 26th, the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), Mao Zedong was born in Shaoshan, Qidu, Xiangtan County. During the Republic of China, it successively belonged to the West Second District of Xiangtan County, District 9, Qingxi Township, Yintian Township and Qingtian Township.

by the end of 1931s, in order to meet the needs of the struggle against the enemy, the Xiangtan and Xiangxiang District Committee of China decided to split into Shaoshan and Baitian District Committees. Shaoshan District Committee has jurisdiction over Qingxi Township of Xiangtan County (now Shaoshan) and Xiangxi Township of Xiangxiang County. On August 5, 1949, Shaoshan was liberated. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the organizational system of Shaoshan has changed a lot. The first stage: from October, 1949 to October, 1968, Shaoshan belonged to Xiangtan County and served as the dispatched office of the county government. During this period, Shaoshan mainly developed agricultural economy, and its industry and tourism were still in the initial stage. The Shaoshan Railway, which was completed at the end of 1967, undoubtedly provided extremely convenient transportation conditions for Shaoshan's publicity reception and sightseeing. The second stage: 1968-1981. Shaoshan was upgraded to a prefecture-level administrative region directly under the jurisdiction of Hunan provincial government, referred to as Shaoshan District. In February, 1968, according to the relevant documents of Hunan Revolutionary Committee, Zhuzan Brigade of Baitian Commune, which originally belonged to Xiangxiang County, was transferred to Daping Commune (the hometown of Mao Zedong's ancestors) and merged with Shaoshan District of Xiangtan County to form Shaoshan Special Administrative Region, which was directly under the leadership of Hunan Province. During this period, the state has given great support to Shaoshan in human, financial and material aspects, which has greatly developed Shaoshan's various undertakings centered on publicity and reception. A large number of service facilities such as Comrade Mao Zedong Memorial Hall, Shaoshan Railway Station, Shaoshan Hotel and Restaurant have been expanded and built, and some industrial and mining enterprises and farmland water conservancy facilities have been held. With Mao Zedong's former residence as the center, the basic pattern of tourism reception from Qingxi Town to Shaoshan Chong has taken shape at this time.

the third stage: 1981-1984. Shaoshan District, which is under the provincial jurisdiction, was revoked, and Shaoshan is still a district of Xiangtan County. The publicity and reception of Shaoshan is handled by Shaoshan Administration of Hunan Province. Since then, Shaoshan District has shifted its focus to the track of socialist economic construction, and agriculture and township enterprises have made great progress. The fourth stage: 1985-1991. In 1985, Shaoshan became independent from Xiangtan County, which was a county-level district in Xiangtan. In order to do a good job in Shaoshan's publicity, reception and tourism services, in August, 1986, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government held an on-site office meeting in Shaoshan, decided to further open Shaoshan, and clearly defined the nature of Shaoshan: it is both a revolutionary memorial site and a scenic tourist area, and also decided to open the Drip Cave to Chinese and foreign tourists. Since then, Shaoshan's publicity, reception and tourism services have taken on a new look. Shaoshan Administration has replaced the simple publicity and education mode in the past with multi-functional services of publicity and education, memorial site management, tourism and rest and holiday. On February 26th, 1991, with the approval of the State Council, Shaoshan District of Xiangtan City was abolished, and Shaoshan City at the county level was established, which was under the jurisdiction of Hunan Province and managed by Xiangtan City. It has jurisdiction over 6 townships and 2 towns: Qingxi Town, Yintian Town, Daping Township, Yongyi Township, Ruyi Township, Yanglin Township, Yintian Township and Shaoshan Township. With the approval of the provincial people's government in October, 1997, Ruyi Township was upgraded to an established town, with 5 townships and 3 towns under the jurisdiction of the whole city. In 2111, Shaoshan City governed 3 towns and 5 townships. At the end of 2111, Yintian Township merged with Yintian Town to establish Yintian Town, which has jurisdiction over 4 townships and 3 towns. In 2114, Shaoshan City governed 3 towns and 5 townships. In 2115, Shaoshan City administered Shaoshan Township, Yanglin Township, Daping Township, Yongyi Township, Qingxi Town, Ruyi Town, Yintian Town, four townships and three towns.

Population situation

At the end of p>2116, there were 31,257 households in the city with a registered population of 12,975, including 52,157 males and 51,818 females, with a sex ratio of 113: 111; Of the total population, there are 5931 non-agricultural people and 87144 agricultural people. There are 21,164 people under the age of 18, 26,784 people between the ages of 18 and 35, 41,194 people between the ages of 35 and 61, and 61,133 people over the age of 61. In 2116, 759 people were born in the city, and 411 people died during the year, with a natural population growth rate of 3‰.

Geographical location

Shaoshan City is located in the hilly area of central Hunan Province, east of central Hunan Province, with geographical coordinates of 112 23 ′ 52 ″-112 38 ′ 13 ″ east longitude and 27 51 ′ 41 ″-28 1 ′ 53 ″ north latitude. It is located at the junction of Xiangxiang, Ningxiang and Xiangtan, 41 kilometers away from Xiangtan and 121 kilometers away from Changsha, with a population of million. According to legend, when Shun Di came here on a southern tour and saw the beautiful scenery, he played Shao music, attracting phoenix to the instrument, and birds singing in harmony. He also said that "the three daughters of Shao's family have learned this, and the phoenix bird has arrived with the heavenly book, and all the women are immortals." Shaoshan was named after it. Now it belongs to Xiangtan city. Shaoshan Administration Bureau is established in Hunan Province. Shaoshan, surrounded by mountains, towering peaks, majestic, verdant bamboo, beautiful countryside and interesting mountains and rivers. Shaofeng is one of the 72 peaks in Nanyue, with magical colors; Youth reservoir melts into the blue sky, reflecting the green hills and rippling blue waves; The Six Dynasties pine in Ciyue Temple, the mysterious "Western Cave"-famous landscapes such as Dishui Cave, Tiger Xieping and Eight Scenes Screen of Dishui Cave, are dotted with beautiful mountains and rivers. Mao Zedong's former residence, Mao Shi Ancestral Hall, Mao Zedong Memorial Hall, newly-built bronze statue of Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong's poetry forest, Shaoshan Martyrs Cemetery, etc. are admired by hundreds of millions of people and add luster to Shaoshan.

landform

Shaoshan belongs to the hilly area in central Hunan. The strata in the city are well developed and the geological structure is complex. The mountains are undulating, the streams are gurgling, and the soil-washing sections are connected. The strata in the territory include Banxi Group, Sinian, Cambrian, Lower Ordovician, Clay Box, Carboniferous, Permian, Lower Triassic, Lower Jurassic and Lower Tertiary. There are Indosinian granite intrusions in the west, and the geological structure is vortex-like, which is Shaoshan-Yintiansi torsion structure. The basic landscape pattern was laid in Yanshan movement at the end of Zhuluo period. Later, with the intermittent slow rise of crustal movement and the downward cut of flowing water, the valleys and terraces of Shaohe River, as well as the tall and straight Shaofeng Mountains and hills denudation surface were formed. The general landform outline is based on Shaofeng Mountain Range, Shaohe River and Shishi River, which constitute the western uplift and the terrain inclined to the east and southeast, with complete mountains, hills, hills and plains. Shaofeng, the highest point in the city, is 518.5 meters above sea level, and Liumu Island, the lowest point, is 48 meters above sea level. The elevation difference is 471.5 meters. Its type classification ratio: valley plain accounts for 31.77%, hilly land accounts for 31.88%, hilly land accounts for 22.35% and mountainous area accounts for 14%. The map of Shaoshan City resembles the map of China rotated by 181 clockwise. Some people say that Shaoshan can be regarded as the epitome of China. Shaoshan mountain range extends from south to north in a zigzag way, and it is surrounded by dragons in Shaoshan chong, thus forming numerous chong, caves, valleys, valleys, etc., and becoming a scenic spot with tourism value. Shaofeng Shaofeng, as the name implies, is the highest peak of Shaoshan, with an altitude of 518.9 meters. Shaofeng is located in the southwest corner of Shaoshan, about 5 kilometers away from Mao Zedong's former residence. Shaofeng is the 71st peak of Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue, more than 211 meters higher than Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, the 72nd peak. Nanyue Mountain Range stretches across the middle of Hunan, about 111 kilometers from the northbound Hengshan Mountain to the junction of Xiangtan and Xiangxiang, and suddenly rises high, propping up the sky, pulling up a dangerous peak, like a sword shining with cold light, and like a column spewed by a whale swimming in the sea. Lion Mountain lies in the middle of Shaoshan City, about 11 miles away from Shaoshanchong. People who came to Shaoshan did not see the natural beauty of Shaoshanchong, but first saw the lion swallowing the sun. "Eat Xiangxiang, lie in Xiangtan, and lie in Ningxiang" is a true description of its mountain situation by the people. The lion's head faces southwest and the tail drags northeast. The mountain twists and turns for ten miles, cutting the Shao River Valley in half. There is another lioness in the shadow of the lion, and the two lions are surrounded by the ball mountain, which constitutes the landscape of the lion rolling hydrangea. The lion's head is jagged with dangerous rocks, and the stone wall is 3 feet high; The trees on the back of the lion are jagged, just like the mane erected when angry, and the eyes, nose and lips of the lion are very realistic. There are four scenic spots in Lion Mountain, which are known as the four wonders, namely, the lion's head with a smile on its back, the golden basin for storing water, the swallow cave, and the four immortals carrying treasures.

major rivers

There are not many rivers in Shaoshan, which belong to Xiangjiang River system. They all enter Xiangjiang River through Lianshui. There are 9 rivers over 5 kilometers, with a total length of 113 kilometers, of which Shaohe River, which originated from Shaoshan Mountain, is the largest. Shaohe River, formerly known as Yunhu River, used to be a nine-bend and eighteen-bend river. It emerged from the clear spring of Drip Cave, gradually swelled and swelled, crossed mountains and streams, jumped and fell, and other streams joined in, and the water potential increased sharply from the underground Yinhe River, so you can sail.

Climatic characteristics

Shaoshan is located in a subtropical humid climate zone, with four distinct seasons. It is hot in Leng Xia in winter, long in summer and short in severe cold. Shaoshan is suitable for traveling all year round, and the best season is from March to October. In spring, you can enjoy the green hills and trees in Shaoshan and the red azaleas all over the mountain! In summer, the drip hole is a good place to escape the heat and enjoy the cool. In autumn, the harvest scenery of Shaoshan makes you intoxicated! The annual average temperature is 16.7℃, which is slightly lower than the surrounding counties and cities, and the annual extreme maximum temperature is 39.5℃ (September 1, 1963). The average temperature in January is 4.4℃, and 78% of the years with severe cold lasting for 5 days or more appear in this month. July is the hottest, with an average monthly temperature of 28.9℃. The average annual precipitation in Shaoshan is 1.358 mm, with the maximum year reaching 1.719.9 mm.. The rainy season begins around April 15 and ends around July 11, with rainy spring and summer and dry autumn and winter. Shaoshan has more sunshine, with an annual sunshine of 1,717 hours and an annual average sunshine percentage of 39%. The distribution trend is basically consistent with the temperature change, that is, there is less sunshine from October to March. In April, bloom was warm in spring and sunny. In July, the sun was the strongest, and it poured down from the top of the head, and the green hills and trees were shiny and shiny. After September, there was a period of autumn rain, but there was also a refreshing autumn season to enjoy chrysanthemums and climb the moon. In winter, because of the barrier of the mountain, it looks warm. When the snow begins to fall, it looks beautiful.

soil vegetation

the closest thing between forest land and soil is plants, which come to Shaoshan, but the wind is green, pines are bursting, bamboo shadows are swaying, camphor trees are dancing, rhododendrons are red, and phoenix trees are stalwart. The natural vegetation in the territory belongs to subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, and the flora consists of FAGACEAE, Cinnamomum camphora, Ilex, Theaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, etc. There are more than 281 species in 65 families, and the mountain forest is the best. The predecessors praised it as "the peak is high and the green is obstructing the eyes, and the trees are far and green." In 1949, the forest coverage rate in Shaoshan reached 41%, then decreased to 19%, and increased to 43.7% in recent years. In 1982, there were 231 species of trees and shrubs in 25 families, including 176 species of trees, 54 species of shrubs and vines, 181 species of native trees and 51 species of imported trees. There are more than 1.3 million mu of grassland. The area of forest land resources is 91.61 square kilometers, accounting for 43.6% of the total land area. Among them, there are 76.94 square kilometers of woodland, 4.77 square kilometers of uncultivated afforestation land, 6.74 square kilometers of shrub land, 2.98 square kilometers of sparse forest land, 1.19 square kilometers of plot land and 1.19 square kilometers of nursery. Soil hundreds of millions of years ago, the great creator created the prototype of Shaoshan landform, and after hundreds of millions of years, it was weathered and denuded by wind, rain, lightning, plants and animals, forming soil. The soil of Shaoshan is mostly red soil except the fertile brown color of the valley plain, all over the foothills of Qiugang.