today's society provides many entrepreneurial conditions and environments for independent entrepreneurs, mainly in the following aspects. (1) Institutional conditions for starting one's own business, and most of the businesses created by it are individual or private enterprises. This was a system forbidden area before the reform and opening up. Even in the process of reform and opening up, it was still a "minefield". We have always been very careful, first, we kept private plots and hills, and allowed the individual economy to be a useful supplement to the public economy, and then allowed the existence and development of the private economy until the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China became an important part of the socialist market economy. Although a few people still don't understand it, the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has fundamentally given a green light to the non-public economy, and its legal status was established in the subsequent revision of the Constitution by the National People's Congress. This provides an institutional guarantee for all citizens, including college students, to start their own businesses. (II) Policy Conditions The State encourages college students, graduate students and scientific and technological personnel to set up private scientific and technological enterprises, and has issued a series of policies and measures to support them. At the end of 1999, the Ministry of Education issued the "Ministry of Education's Implementation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council <: Decision on strengthening technological innovation, developing high technology and realizing industrialization >: The document stipulates that college students and graduate students can drop out of school and keep their school status to start high-tech enterprises. College students have no funds to start a business, so they are allowed to participate in it by converting their technological achievements and other intellectual capital into shares. In 1999, Peking University students Zhang Ming and Qi Wenmin invented a new software called EPOST, which is expected to replace EMAIL. Peking University invested 1 million yuan to register Peking University Tianzheng Company, but they didn't pay a cent, that is, they owned 21% and 11% of the shares and became college students' bosses. In addition, Tsinghua, Peking University and other schools have also established scientific and technological entrepreneurship parks to help scientific and technological personnel, including college students, start their own businesses. The preferential policies for college students launched in Shanghai in 2114 have brought hope for college students to start their own businesses. These policies or measures have created favorable conditions for college students and other knowledge-based talents to start their own businesses. (III) Conditions of the Times The 21th century is an era of knowledge economy. Knowledge has become a new resource for social production, knowledge capitalization will become an independent and more influential factor of economic growth, and knowledge owners will become the main potential force for social development and economic growth. College students are or will be the main owners of knowledge capital, and they will become the operators of knowledge capital when they start a business, although they are short of tangible capital such as monetary capital when they start a business. However, they can rely on the most important intangible capital in production factors-knowledge capital to start a business, because, first, the existing policy allows knowledge capital to be converted into a considerable proportion of tangible capital, participate in investment in the form of equity possession, and start an industry; Second, we can also raise venture capital by attracting venture capital; Third, the emergence of network economy, virtual economy and other economic forms has created conditions for college students to set up small knowledge-based enterprises independently. Second, the problems faced by college students' self-employment should be said that college students' self-employment has certain advantages, such as youth and passion, and with the development of society and times, it also provides many conditions for college students' self-employment, but it will also face many problems. So, what is the problem? (1) Insufficient psychological preparation and tenacious will are the backbone of entrepreneurship. There are bound to be many contradictions and difficulties in starting a business. Without good will and unremitting pursuit, you will not succeed. Will includes: perseverance, decisiveness to take risks, and self-control to win without arrogance and defeat. However, from the analysis of college graduates who have set foot in self-employment in recent years, many entrepreneurs often lack such will, and they are not prepared for the hardship of starting a business. Because families don't understand and tolerate students' entrepreneurship, it is not easy for parents to provide education for their children. Self-employment is an extra venture capital, which is far from the expected return on investment of working families, thus leading to family conflicts and unexpected troubles. Because there are few people at the beginning of starting a business and there is no strict division of labor, entrepreneurs have to play multiple roles at the same time, which is both tired and often unable to adapt, which is easy to make people worry; Because entrepreneurship has to deal with all aspects of society, which is often not good for college entrepreneurs who are new to society, it is common to get stuck in the nose, which is easy to make people frustrated; Due to the lack of preparation for setbacks, people are disheartened when they encounter a slight failure, doubt their own abilities and are afraid of taking risks, which easily makes people give up halfway. All these require entrepreneurs to foresee the hardships, risks and possible failures of starting a business in advance, and be psychologically prepared to face them and bear all this with tenacious will. (2) Difficulties in raising capital Lack of funds is the primary problem for college students and graduate students who have just left school. Entrepreneurship needs funds, and even a lot of money is needed for entrepreneurship in some fields. For entrepreneurs, there are three channels for capital, one is self-financing, the other is lending, and the third is venture capital. Limited amount of self-financing; It is not easy to borrow a loan with insufficient credit, and secondly, it has a deadline requirement and cannot meet the long-term investment needs of entrepreneurship; Venture capital is the best form, especially suitable for college entrepreneurs. However, China's current venture capital market is still immature: first, there are few investors and limited funds; Second, the management is not standardized and the investment risk is high; Third, the listing conditions are high, and the investment cannot be withdrawn in time to continue investment in other projects. There are few investors who can provide college students with entrepreneurship, and the number is limited. Therefore, the state has formulated relevant policies to support the development of venture capital. In addition, in the current immature venture capital market, aiming at the problem of college students' entrepreneurship, the state should set up a college students' entrepreneurship fund. However, as college students who want to start a business, they should not wait for the support of the state, but should give play to their own advantages to start a business. (3) Lack of enterprise management experience First of all, from an abstract business plan to a successful market operation, the whole operation process needs to be run-in with the help of long-term accumulated management experience, which can not be achieved by gnawing at the book theory of the general items. For example, a student majoring in applied chemistry in beijing university of chemical technology thinks, "It is not very possible for college students to start their own businesses. Because you don't have any work experience, you just rely on the superficial things you have learned on campus. If you have a little knowledge, you will start your own business, both in technology and management. I think it is not realistic. " Secondly, after the establishment of the company, student entrepreneurs are not very clear about how to establish financial systems, personnel systems, administrative systems, etc. "Imagine that if you want to start a company on your own, you need to take care of everything yourself, and the departments of industry and commerce, taxation and so on should communicate and deal with each other. This aspect is particularly wide, which is very difficult for a student who has just stepped out of school. Even if there are such students, it is very few. However, if the students themselves have the ability in this area and also have certain funds, as a school, they should support and support these college students. " Third, how to overcome the problems in self-employment (1) Effectively raising funds Enterprises are composed of talents, products and funds. Lack of funds often leads to entrepreneurs' excessive payment burden and failure to achieve their careers. Students have just set foot on the society and seldom have enough funds to accumulate. Student entrepreneurs should have the concept of "how much can be done with how much strength". The source of funds can be borrowed from relatives and friends, or from banks. If an enterprise has products or achievements with market prospects, it can also seek financial support from venture capitalists. Without the trust and investment of enterprises, the initial funds for college students to start their own businesses are usually funded by team members. (2) Building a team with complementary advantages and starting a business independently has a wide range of things to deal with, and it is difficult for one person to effectively deal with all kinds of situations. Establishing an entrepreneurial team can effectively complement innovation and economic management. If it has effective management, it can also ensure that the entrepreneurial team can form the greatest synergy and win in the market competition. When establishing an entrepreneurial team, we should pay attention to the personality collocation, role division and recognition of the company's short-term and long-term goals, strategy formulation and equity distribution, etc., because these are all issues related to the growth of enterprises. (3) Establish extensive and effective social relations. An initial company often needs help from all sides to develop, and entrepreneurs need to mobilize all favorable factors in the social environment. For student entrepreneurs, establishing extensive and effective social relations is an important factor to get rid of the disadvantage in the competition with social entrepreneurs. (4) There must be a long-term plan. Entrepreneurs should choose careers that they are familiar with and specialize in. At the beginning, they can operate on a small scale or cooperate with shareholders, and gradually expand according to the business plan. Enterprises should strive for survival before development and lay a good foundation. For enterprises where college students start their own businesses, we should pay special attention to not being too ambitious, and we must attach importance to the management system in order to create profits step by step. At the same time, as an entrepreneurial leader, we should gradually form a good business philosophy, business policy and business strategy in the development of enterprises, give full play to the strength of all members of enterprises, and seek the development of enterprises. In the future society, self-employment is not only an important way for college students to obtain employment independently, but also an important model for becoming a useful person. At the end of the last century, the international education community had made such a prediction: worldwide, 51% of secondary school students and college students in the 21th century will take the road of self-employment. As early as October 1998, the World Conference on Higher Education held in Paris clearly stated that "institutions of higher learning must take entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial spirit as the basic goals of higher education. In order to facilitate graduates' employment, higher education should mainly care about cultivating entrepreneurial skills and initiative," so that college graduates can "not only become job seekers, but also become job creators". People say that there is no Silicon Valley in the United States without students' entrepreneurship. College graduates' entrepreneurship should be cultivated not only as a kind of ability, but also as a kind of culture.