Chlorine disinfectant is a disinfectant that can be dissolved in water to produce hypochlorous acid. The oxidizing ability is measured by the indicator "effective chlorine". Common chlorine disinfectants include sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, and dichlorohydantoin.
Chlorine-containing disinfectants are one of the common disinfectants because they are convenient, inexpensive, and one of the most widely used disinfectants when dealing with emerging respiratory infections. It is a high-level disinfectant that can kill various microorganisms including bacterial spores. However, it has the disadvantages of irritating odor, corrosiveness, bleaching effect and damage to the disinfected items, and overuse can also cause pollution to the environment.
1. Types
(1) sodium hypochlorite: miscible with water, diluted solution is not stable, the effective chlorine decreases very quickly, 84 disinfectant according to the product manual, commonly 2% -5%.
(2) Calcium hypochlorite: also known as bleach, bleach, bleach, bleach, bleach content of effective chlorine is ≥ 20%, bleach content of effective chlorine 56% -60%. It can dissolve in water, and the solution is easy to be turbid, with a lot of residue. Poor stability of aqueous solution, accelerated by sunlight, heat, humidity and other decomposition.
(3) hypochlorite water: refers to the original solution contains stable hypochlorite molecules in water solution, is a new type of high-level disinfectant, light odor, effective chlorine content is generally 50-200mg / L, pH 4.0 ~ 6.8, redox potential of 1040mV or more. It has good stability in room temperature, airtight and light-proof environment.
(4)Sodium dichloroisocyanurate: effective chlorine content ≥ 55%, commonly used in preventive disinfection and epidemic disinfection, mainly used in hospitals to disinfect the environment and diagnosis and treatment supplies. The dosage forms are tablets, powder and granules. Solid formulations are more stable, and the stability of aqueous solutions is poor.
(5) trichloroisocyanuric acid: commonly used in swimming pool water and hospital sewage disinfection. The dosage forms are tablets effervescent tablets and extended-release tablets, powder and granules. Effervescent tablets contain 250mg, 500mg or 1000mg of effective chlorine per tablet, the most commonly used is 500mg; slow-release tablets are usually 88% of the effective chlorine content; powder and granules of effective chlorine content of 10%-90%, commonly 20%.
(6) Dichlorhydantoin: white crystal or crystalline powder with bleach-like odor. Soluble in most organic solvents and concentrated sulfuric acid, less soluble in water. Effective chlorine content of 60% -70%, dry crystalline storage is more stable.
2. Conventional disinfection objects and the use of concentration on the disinfection of new respiratory infectious diseases, the general chlorine disinfectant is suitable for health care institutions, public **** place and family general object surface (such as tables, chairs, bedside cabinets, sanitary ware, door and window handles, stair rails, bus seats, handles and toys and other surfaces) medical equipment, medical waste, food and drink utensils, fabrics, fruits and vegetables, and water disinfection, etc., also applicable to the source of the epidemic in the area of disinfection. It is also suitable for the disinfection of various pollutants such as secretions, excreta, garbage, etc. at the source of the epidemic. Except for water hypochlorite, it is not suitable for the disinfection of air, hands, skin and mucous membranes. Hypochlorite water can be used for the disinfection of indoor air, hands, skin and mucous membranes as well as the surface of secondary water supply equipment in addition to the above uses.
Containing chlorine disinfectant use should be used now with specific use in accordance with product instructions. According to the characteristics of the disinfection items, can be used to spray wine, soak, wipe and rinse disinfection methods.
(1) general object surface: preventive disinfection can be used when the effective chlorine concentration of 250-500mg / L disinfectant solution, all types of clean object surface wipe, soak, spray disinfection, the role of 10-30 minutes. For infectious disease pathogens contaminated surfaces can be used for effective chlorine concentration of 1000-2000mg / L disinfectant wipe, soak, spray disinfection 10-30 minutes; object surface contamination with blood, mucus and other organic matter, you can increase the effective chlorine concentration of disinfectant to 2000-1000mg / L.
(2) food and beverage utensils: preventive disinfection is not recommended to use. Food and beverage utensils used by patients with infectious diseases can be disinfected on the basis of cleanliness by immersion in a disinfectant solution with an effective chlorine concentration of 500mg/L for 20 minutes, and the residual disinfectant can be rinsed out with water after disinfection.
(3) fabrics: preventive disinfection can be used effective chlorine concentration of 250-400mg / L. Disinfectant solution will be fully submerged fabrics, the role of 20 minutes, after disinfection with water to rinse off the residual disinfectant. Disinfection of fabrics contaminated with infectious disease pathogens, can be used for effective chlorine concentration of 500mg / L disinfectant solution will be fully submerged in the fabric, the role of 30 minutes, after disinfection of the residual disinfectant rinse clean with water.
(4) fruits and vegetables: preventive disinfection, fruits and vegetables will be washed first, and then the effective concentration of chlorine 100-200mg / L disinfectant solution immersion, rinse disinfection, the role of 10 minutes, disinfection, disinfection, rinse the residual disinfectant with water.
(5) secretions and excretions: the patient's thin secretions and / or excretions, per 2000 ml can be added bleach 50g or effective chlorine concentration of 20000mg / L disinfectant solution 2000 ml {new coronavirus pneumonia patient's excretions, vomit, per 2000 ml can be added bleach 100g or containing effective chlorine (bromine) 20000mg / L Disinfectant solution 4000ml}; viscous secretions and/or excretions can be disinfectant solution with effective chlorine concentration of 50000mg/L, according to 2 parts disinfectant solution, 1 part of secretions and/or excretions, mixing and stirring, and then left to stand for more than 120 minutes.
(6) water: add appropriate amount of chlorine disinfectant per cubic meter of water (about 0.5-10g), keep the residual chlorine after 30 minutes for 0.3-05mg/L. If disinfected for drinking water, the quality of disinfected water needs to meet the drinking water standards.
(7) air: in general, in addition to hypochlorite water, other disinfectants can not be used for air disinfection. Remove the source of pollution, close the doors and windows, in the case of no one, the use of effective concentration of 100mg / L of hypochlorite water solution, with a special aerosol atomizer, the original solution at 10 ~ 20ml / m? of dosage, spray disinfection, the role of 30 minutes, can be put into use.
(8) hand: in general, in addition to hypochlorite water, other chlorine-containing disinfectants can not be used for hand disinfection. Use the effective concentration of 150mg/ of hypochlorite water solution. Hygienic hand disinfection: take a sufficient amount of disinfectant to completely cover or submerge the area to be disinfected, the role of 1 minute; surgical hand disinfection: surgical hand-washing, take an appropriate amount of disinfectant evenly coated in both hands, forearms and upper arm lower 1/3 of the skin, the role of 3 minutes.
(9) skin and mucous membranes: in general, in addition to hypochlorite water, other chlorine-containing disinfectants can not be used for skin and mucous membrane disinfection. Use the effective concentration of 100mg/L hypochlorite water solution, spray wine to the parts to be disinfected until evenly covered; or wipe with a sterile cotton swab or gauze soaked in disinfectant.
3. Precautions
(1) Disinfectant for external use, not to be taken orally. Keep out of reach of children. The package should be labeled with the appropriate safety warning signs.
(2) Wear a mask and gloves when preparing and dispensing concentrated disinfectant; wear gloves when using to avoid contact with the skin. If accidentally splashed into the eyes, it should be immediately flushed with water, and in serious cases, medical attention should be sought.
(3) Keep in a cool place, protected from light, moisture, and sealed; dispense now and use now.
(4) Bleaching effect on fabrics, should not be used to disinfect colored fabrics. Corrosive to metal and other items, rinse promptly after disinfection
(5) used for tableware and diagnostic instruments disinfection, should be promptly washed with water residual disinfectant before being used on the human body
(6) disinfected items of organic contamination is serious, should be used to increase the concentration of or to extend the action of the time, or to carry out the disinfection of two times.
(7) Use the product in accordance with the specific product instructions labeled scope of use, method of use, expiration date and safety test results.