Entrepreneurial plan is an entrepreneur knocking on the door of the investor's "knocking brick", an excellent business plan will often make entrepreneurs achieve twice the result with half the effort. The following is my business plan for you to organize the college students, for your reference, more details please click on the work plan to view.
Part I: business plan college studentsA business plan is a written summary of the business that the entrepreneur plans to create.
It is used to describe the internal and external environmental conditions and characteristics of the elements related to the proposed business, to provide an indicator map for the development of the business and a measure of the progress of the business.
Usually a business plan is a synthesis of functional plans for marketing, finance, production, and human resources.
Second, the content of the business plan
Generally speaking, in the business plan should include the type of business, capital planning and source of funds, the total amount of funds allocated proportion, stage objectives, financial estimates, marketing strategy, possible risk assessment, the motivation to start a business, the roster of shareholders, the number of employees scheduled, the specific contents of the general Including the following eleven aspects:
(a) Cover
The design of the cover should be aesthetic and artistic, a good cover will enable the reader to produce the initial good feeling, the formation of a good first impression.
(2) Summary of the plan
It is the essence of the concentrated business plan.
The plan summary covers the key points of the plan at a glance, so that the reader can review the plan and make a judgment in the shortest possible time.
A summary plan typically includes the following:
Introduction to the company
Management and organization
Main products and business scope
Market overview
Marketing strategy
Sales plan
Production management plan
Financial plan
Funding requirements
Status of the plan. Status, etc.
The summary should be as concise and vivid as possible. In particular, it should explain the differences between your own company and your own company's about hiking and praying
(3) Introduction to your company
The purpose of this section is not to describe the whole plan or to provide another summary, but to give an introduction to your company, and therefore to focus on your company's philosophy and how to formulate your company's strategic goals.
(D) Industry Analysis
In the industry analysis, you should correctly evaluate the basic characteristics of the selected industry, the competitive situation, and the future development trend and other content.
Typical questions about industry analysis:
(1) What is the degree of development of the industry? What are the current developments
(2) What role do innovation and technological progress play in the industry
(3) What are the total sales of the industry? What is the total revenue? What are the trends
(4) What are the price trends
(5) To what extent does economic development affect the industry? How does the government influence the industry
(6) What factors determine its growth
(7) What is the nature of competition? What strategy will you adopt
(8) What are the barriers to entry into the industry? How will you overcome them? What is the typical rate of return in this industry
(5) product (service) introduction
The product introduction should include the following: the concept, performance and characteristics of the product; introduction of the main products; the competitiveness of the product in the market; the research and development process of the product; plans for the development of new products and cost analysis; the product's market outlook forecast. Product brands and patents, etc.
In the product (service) introduction part, the entrepreneur should make a detailed description of the product (service), the description should be accurate, but also easy to understand, so that investors who are not professionals can also understand. Generally, the product introduction should be accompanied by product prototypes, photos or other presentations.
(F) personnel and organizational structure
In the production activities of the enterprise, there are human resource management, technology management, financial management, operations management, product management and so on. And human resource management is one of the very important part.
Because the development of society today, people have become the most valuable resource, which is determined by human initiative and creativity. Enterprises to manage this resource, but also to follow the scientific principles and methods.
In the business plan, it is important to shed light on the key management personnel, describing the competencies they possess, their positions and responsibilities in this business, details of their past experience and background. In addition, in this part of the business plan, should also be a brief introduction to the structure of the company, including: the company's organizational chart; the functions and responsibilities of each department; the head of each department and the main members; the company's compensation system; the company's shareholders list, including shareholding, proportion and privileges; the company's board of directors; the directors of the background information.
Experience and past success speak louder than a degree. If you are prepared to leave a particularly important position to someone with no experience, you must give good reasons.
(VII) Market Forecast
It should include the following:
1. Demand for forecasting
2. An overview of the current state of the market for market forecasting
3. An overview of the competing vendors
4. The target customers and the target market
5. The market for the products of the enterprise. position, etc.
(VIII) marketing strategy
The wrong understanding of the market is one of the most important reasons for business failure.
In the business plan, the marketing strategy should include the following:
(1) the choice of market organizations and marketing channels
(2) marketing team and management
(3) promotional programs and advertising strategies
(4) price decisions.
(IX) Manufacturing Plan
The manufacturing plan in the business plan should include the following:
1, the current status of the product manufacturing and technical equipment
2, the new product put into production plan
3, the requirements for technological upgrading and equipment renewal
4, quality control and Quality improvement plan.
(10) financial planning
Financial planning should generally include the following:
which focuses on the preparation of cash flow statements, balance sheets and income statements.
Liquidity is the lifeblood of the enterprise, so the enterprise in the start-up or expansion, the liquidity needs to have a detailed plan in advance and in the process of strict control
The income statement reflects the profitability of the enterprise, which is the enterprise in a period of time after the operation of the business results; balance sheet reflects the status of the enterprise at a certain point in time, the investor can use the data obtained from the balance sheet ratio indicators to measure the enterprise
The balance sheet is a good example of a financial planning process, which can be used for the purpose of financial planning. The balance sheet reflects the state of the business at a given point in time, and investors can use the balance sheet data as a ratio indicator to measure the state of the business and the likely return on investment.
(XI) Risk and Risk Management
(1) What are the basic market, competitive, and technological risks to your company
(2) How do you intend to cope with these risks
(3) What are the additional opportunities for your company, in your opinion
(4) What is the capitalization base of your company? ) How to expand on your capital base
(5) How your five-year plan performs under the best and worst-case scenarios
If your estimates are less than accurate, you should estimate how large your margin of error really is. If possible, make best and worst case settings for your key parameters.
Article 2: Entrepreneurship Plan for College StudentsProject:
University Dietary Alliance
Entrepreneur:
xxxx
Reason for the Entrepreneurship Project:
One of the things that has always been criticized in the university is the diet of the university cafeteria. Problems, the poor quality of the university's food has become a recognized problem, just to meet the problem of students' food and drink, while the quality is far from meeting the requirements of the students. The dietary situation of some universities is worrying, and even some university cafeterias have collective poisoning incidents.
This program is based on this point, in order to protect the dietary safety of college students, improve the quality of food for college students, the establishment of the University Dietary Alliance, aims to provide college students with low-priced, safe and high-quality and rich in characteristics of the food, and at the same time, for the colleges and universities to provide a certain amount of work-study positions, to help the poor students to better complete their studies.
Entrepreneurial setup:
The University Dietary Union is the headquarters, in the university through the assessment of the recruitment of college graduates and signed a one-year work contract training in the university to set up the university dietary branch.
The University Dietetic Alliance in the appropriate location to establish vegetable planting bases, fruit planting bases and livestock farms, the establishment of distribution fleet, the unified production and distribution of vegetables and fruits and other food ingredients for the university branch. And cooperation with agricultural research institutions through high-tech to continuously improve the quality of raw materials produced to reduce costs.
The University Dietary Union headquarters set up a management training department, each university dietary division in the university to select the recruitment of non-graduate students as managers, and sent to the training department for training.
The University Dietetic Alliance from the chef training school to recruit chefs for appropriate training and then sent to the dietary division of each university as a chef, while the dietary division of each university to recruit their own students or laid-off social workers as a window attendant.
The headquarters of the University Dietetic Alliance from time to time to the colleges and universities to carry out quality checks to ensure that the University Dietetic Alliance to provide quality and quantity of services.
Entrepreneurial details:
1. The University Dietary Union's range of economic factors is special food, such as Lu Cuisine, Szechuan Cuisine, Cantonese Cuisine, etc., as well as local food, and the investigation of students' origin, according to the geographic location of the university to adjust the appropriate mix of various cuisines and local food, so that the students from different parts of the country are able to eat to suit their own tastes. The main purpose of the program is to provide students with the best possible food for their tastes.
2. The business philosophy of the University Dietary Union is that everything is better for college students.
3. The University Dietary Union provides student aid positions and pays a certain amount of cafeteria rent as a condition to negotiate with universities, paving the way for the development and growth of the University Dietary Union. Food ingredients are produced and distributed by the University Dietetic Alliance, which ensures the high quality and safety of food ingredients while reducing the cost of food ingredients.
4. University dietary alliance recruited managers for the school's senior non-graduate students, so that the university diet of low quality suffering college students to supervise the work of the staff, to ensure that the university dietary alliance to provide food safety and quality.
Part III: Business Plan College StudentsI. Outline
A very concise summary of the plan and business model that describes your business project, usually about 500 words.
II. Company Description
A. Purpose of the company
B. Name of the company, structure of the company
C. Business strategy of the company
Here in the most concise way, describe your product service; what kind of difficulties you are ready to solve; how you are ready to solve; whether your company is the best person for the job.
D. Relative value-added description of what new value your product provides to the consumer
E. Company facilities need to be described in detail on the planned company facilities my company's production facilities and plants are mainly focused on the XXX
Establishment of the development of production facilities and efforts to improve the production and research capabilities in order to meet the increasing demand for customers. Increase sales of our products and services through large-scale promotional campaigns.
Increase distribution channels, retail outlets, regional sales, and sales companies using electrified direct mail sorting, etc.
Increase sales of our products and services through large-scale promotional campaigns.
Hire new employees to support sustainable growth in new market programs.
Increase R&D capabilities to create new trend-setting products and improve competitiveness.
Three, products and services here in a concise way, describe your product services;
Note that you do not need to disclose your core technology, the main introduction of your technology, product features, application areas, market prospects, etc.
1.Product Services A
2.Product Services B
A. Product Advantages
B. Description of Technology: 1. Introduction to Proprietary Technology
2. Environment for Technology Development
C. Research and Development
D. Future Products and Services
Describe your next generation of products, and also describe what additional services will be offered to consumers in the future.
E. Services and Product Support
Four, market analysis
Briefly describe what kind of industry, market, and specialized complementary area your company is in. What are the characteristics of the market? How does your analysis differ from market research organizations and investment analysis. Analyze whether there is a nascent market? How will you develop this nascent market.
If you're in the program software market developing platform tools for C++ or NT, don't just generalize about it being a $30 billion market. If you're making C++ application development tools on the NT workbench, you should detail in your report how much C++ development program software you sold last year***, how much of a growing customer base you have, and what is your target market? How much share did your competitors get? Are there any other market retailer OEMs selling your product.
A. Market Description
We plan to or are competing in XX industry. This market is worth approximately XXX and we believe that the major trends across the industry will be toward (environmentally oriented, miniaturized, high quality, value oriented).
Market research suggests (cite source) that this market will (grow and shrink) to XXX by 20XX. during this period, the market segment we are striving to compete in is expected to (grow, shrink, and not grow). The major forces that will change this are (e.g., price reductions in computers, booming appliance commerce, and other reasons) the largest growth in this industry will be XXX. your company may be unique in merging your product services with the current business of a company of the same caliber as XX Company. And today's similar XX companies are facing difficulties such as progressively higher labor costs.
B. Target Markets
We define our target markets as X, Y, and Z. Now, this market is shared by a competitor.
Our product has the following advantages: high value-added, excellent performance, high taste, and outstanding individuality for corporate tailoring.
C. Target Consumer Group
What factors motivate people to buy your product? Your technology, product for the user's attraction in where? Why do people choose your product service company?
D. Sales StrategyOur marketing department plans to sell our products through a variety of channels. We chose these channels because:
Consumer characteristics
We chose these channels because:
1. Seasonal changes in the characteristics of consumption;
2. Effective use of funds can be used to capitalize on the existing product sales channels in the market;
For each distribution channel, a five-year target is set. channels, determine a five-year target sales volume and other assumptions. Assumptions made for each channel can be the following:
V. Competitive Analysis
Tell us about the key competitors based on product, price, market share, region, marketing approach, management tools, characteristics, and financial strength
A. Description of the competition
B. Competition Strategic Market Entry Barriers
Research the major barriers to entry into your market segment and the barriers to competitors imitating you here.
VI. Marketing Strategy and Sales
A. Marketing Plan
Describe how you wish to conduct your business. And the market segments you wish to enter. Distribution channels that have been used, such as retail, direct sales to commercial organizations, OEM, and electronic media, etc. Also describe the market share you hope to achieve.
B. Sales Strategy
Describe the strategy you use to make sales. Include how you will promote your product: through advertising, mailings, radio or TV commercials, etc.
Describe your sales strategy.
C. Distribution Channels and Partners D. Pricing Strategy E. Marketing Communications
Your aim is to strengthen, promote and support the hot spots where your product can better meet the needs of consumers. The only principle is to find all possible favorable ways to ditch
VII.Financial Analysis
Summary of financial data.
VIII. Appendices
Please list the following materials, if available
A. Background and structure of the company
B. Biographies of the team members
C. Company promotional materials
D. Relevant vocabulary
Instructions:
This business plan template is only for the reference of the participating teams, each team can freely play according to their own actual situation.
Industry Overview
Next year will be out of the ivory tower, because of the impact of the economic crisis has been their own interest in the catering industry intends to open a cake store after graduation, the cake store has a great prospect for development, now people's lives are better, the level of consumption is high, the pursuit of quality of life is also high, the comprehensive development of the cake store, the cake store has a great development prospect, now people's lives are good, high level of consumption, for quality of life is also high, the cake store has a great development prospect. The pursuit of quality of life is also high, comprehensive cake store has become a major trend in urban consumption.
Second, the cake store profile
1. The store hair belongs to the catering services industry, the name is "xx afternoon tea", is a wholly owned enterprise. Mainly for people to provide cakes, bread, ice cream and drinks and other desserts.
2. The store intends to open in the community shopping street, the inaugural period is a mid-range cake store, the future intends to gradually develop into a chain of cakes like Andrewson, Xiangyang Square, as the cake chain.
3. The store needs start-up capital of 95,000 yuan.
Third, the business objectives
1. Because the location is in the commercial street, the source of customers is relatively rich, but there are many competitors, especially the store just opened, want to open up the market, we must be in the quality of service and product quality, and to further expand the scope of business to meet the different needs of consumers. The short-term goal is to gain a firm foothold in the shopping street and recover the cost in 1 year. The long-term goal is to gradually develop into a strong economic strength and have a certain market share of the cake chain companies, in the many cake brands to break out of a world, and become a well-known brand in the cake market.
Four, market analysis
1. Customer source: the store's target customers are: shopping and entertainment to the commercial street of the general consumers, accounting for about 50%; nearby school students, store staff, neighborhood residents, accounting for about 50%. The number of customers is sufficient, the consumption level of low-grade.
2. Competitors: According to the survey results, there are a lot of domestic brand cake stores, only the Fuzhou chain cake store has a lot of such as Andrewson, Xiangyang Square, Red Leaf, Anchor. Therefore, the competition is very big
V. Business plan
1. First of all, we went to several cake stores in the neighborhood to "spy on the intelligence", to find out the cost price of different kinds and sizes of cakes. Understand the business philosophy of all kinds of cake stores as well as the business "tricks".
2. After raising all the money for the opening, start to "poach" in the major cake stores. Can not "blatantly" dig, to take advantage of the store less people, secretly run over and store masters to discuss. Or recruit pastry chef, open cake store master is very important, so be careful consideration.
3. It is understood that the discovery of a set of consumption rate: "Customers never have the cheapest price. Today you can lower a few dollars, tomorrow there may be peer competitors to lower prices and you compete for orders." From the experience of the product market certain competitive strategy: "Price reduction promotion is not a long-term business strategy, the only best material to produce the highest quality cake, in order to attract customers, will keep customers."
4. The cake store is mainly for the public, so the price will not be too high, is a low to medium price.
5. Some advertising flyers can be printed and distributed in the form of coupons to achieve the effect of advertising
6. The cake store can specialize in leisure areas, set up a lot of chic seats. Customers can buy some snacks, sit in the cake store and slowly savor, the leisure function of the cake store has been further strengthened.
7. After many investigations, out of competition and other aspects of the needs of many cake stores to launch some of the cakes and cakes do not have much to do with the casual food, in order to form a new profit growth point. In the business varieties, many shopkeepers have some new initiatives: for example, in the hot summer, will be in season to launch the very popular ice porridge and shaved ice, as well as milk tea, fruit juice drinks favored by customers.
8. Establish a membership card system. The name of the member is printed on the card. The discount rate of the membership card is not high, such as 9.5 percent off. On the one hand, this can give consumers a sense of respect, on the other hand, it is also easy for the waiter for the consumer's name. Especially if the consumer is with someone else, and the waiter can call him (her) in public as * Mr., Miss, they will feel very respected.
9. On the table put some promotional items, magazines, the content is about the knowledge of pastry drinks, stories, etc., on the one hand, can enhance the taste, foil the atmosphere, but also to increase the consumer's good sense of the brand.
10. Whether it is from the store decoration, the image of the staff, or the cake production, should give customers a healthy, hygienic feeling. Cake store must strictly implement the national "Food Hygiene Law", which is based on the foundation. The content from Xuzhou convenient network sincerely for your service.
11. The food industry has special job labor skills requirements: employees must have a "health certificate".
Six, financial estimates
Start-up assets: about 95,000 yuan
Equipment investment: 1. rent 5,000 yuan. 2. front decoration of about 2,000 yuan (including store decoration and light boxes) 3. shelves and counter investment of about 1,500 yuan 4. employees (2) uniform clothing needs 500 yuan 5. Maximum investment in machinery and equipment: 80,000 yuan (including a full set of utensils to make cakes) The first purchase price: flour, cream and other raw materials, about 6,000 yuan.
Monthly sales (average): 21,000 yuan. According to the assessment of the insiders, so a small cake store business on track, monthly sales of up to 21,000 yuan.
Monthly expenses: $14,033. Rent: the best location in the more densely populated neighborhoods, community shopping streets, and close to small children's lots (such as kindergartens or playgrounds nearby), about 5,000 yuan.
Cost of goods: about 30%, about 5000 yuan. Personnel wages: 10 square meters of small stores need 1 cake master, 1 waiter, salary *** count 2000 yuan.
Utilities and other miscellaneous expenses: 700 yuan equipment depreciation: calculated on the basis of 5 years, 1333 yuan per month monthly profit: 6967 yuan or so according to this estimate, about a year to recover the investment.
Seven, risk and constraints analysis:
Because the cake store is not the first store on the street or in the neighborhood, it is difficult for customers to change the taste of the consistent, so it will have to spend more financial and material resources and "gimmicks" to attract customers.
Article 5: Entrepreneurial plan college studentsFirst, the development of prospects
Since the junior high school I began to live in the school, know that the headache of the " food " problem, that is, the cafeteria food problem. Because school cafeterias are generally made in the form of large pots of food, they are rarely really popular with students, even though they are less expensive. Students' complaints about cafeteria meals are even more "time-honored". Although college students can eat off-campus, most of them are still willing to eat in the school cafeteria due to economic factors. The quality of meals is not guaranteed, which will lead to many problems. Students cannot keep up with their nutrition, and some of them even often do not eat. As a result, malnutrition, stomach problems and other diseases that should not appear in college students are also common, which sowed hidden dangers for students' physical and mental health. Therefore, I decided to integrate the advantages and disadvantages of the cafeteria and restaurant, open a student self-service nutrition fast food restaurant.
Second, the store profile
The store is located in the center of the university gathering, mainly for the customer groups are college students, teachers, and working people. The business area is about 80 square meters. It mainly provides breakfast, lunch, dinner, as well as special cold drinks and casual dining. Breakfast is characterized by Zhejiang and other southern snacks, of course, local snacks are also indispensable. There are many varieties, full flavors and rich nutrition, so that diners have more choices. For lunch and dinner, there are dishes with different flavors from north and south. For non-meal, there are all kinds of cold drinks, such as juice, thin ice, ice porridge, shaved ice, sweet soup with ice beans, frozen coffee, fruit platters and so on. The restaurant adopts the self-service fast food method, so that customers have a more relaxed dining environment and more space for choice. The restaurant is decorated naturally, casually, with a modern atmosphere, the walls are light and warm colors, the kitchen layout is reasonable and exquisite, with good lighting, and the overall perception is between the nature of the family kitchen and the nature of the hotel kitchen.
Three, development strategy
1. Before the opening of the restaurant, advertising and publicity, because the main customer base is aimed at students, and students in the speed and breadth of information transfer is very large, so the publicity can not be used to spend too much effort, just flyers or multimedia (such as: sound) and other forms of simple advertising can be.
2. The restaurant takes a buffet style, free tea and fresh soup. And the quality of rice relative to competitors to be good, can be used in different ways, so that the taste is different, in order to be different from the competition, to give customers more concessions, in order to attract more customers. In addition, the restaurant also launched a barbecue + cold drinks, eight treasures of rice and other couples packages, due to the vacancy of leisure diet, which will also become a major feature of the restaurant.
3. There are many students accustomed to the three o'clock and one line lifestyle, many times in order to save time will choose the nearest dining place and do not want to go to the farther away from the restaurant, so in the geographical location selection will not be too far away from the school gate. The restaurant will also introduce delivery service in due course, according to the different situations to take the appropriate approach. Such as: if there are more than three (including three) of the amount of calls can be delivered free of charge to the door, a separate call for takeaway need to deliver a certain delivery fee, so there is a benefit, such as one person want to call takeaway, in order not to pay delivery fees will be pulled up on the other two takeaways, so it is also able to increase sales.
4. The restaurant uses stainless steel buffet plate, that is, saving and environmental protection, and the waste can not be dumped, you can contact the farmers, so that it is free to collect regularly, so that can be mutually beneficial. It is reported that competitors in this regard is not in place, so a good dining environment can attract more customers.
5. Summer vacation although the source will plummet, but after all, there are still some of the students who stay in school, nearby residents and part-time workers, then you can take to reduce production, shift the focus of the service and other ways to improve the summer business situation. During the winter vacation on the consideration of repairing the business for a month, has reduced unnecessary cost expenditure.
6. The market economy is rapidly developing, changing, dynamic, so we must take a long-term view of the development of a business and analysis, to produce a long-term plan, every stage of the operation of the overall situation should be summarized, and to make the next step in the plan, so that the development of a ladder-like pattern. After stabilizing the operation, you can consider expanding the operation, increase other services, and can look for new markets, do chain operations, and slowly build their own brand, you can go to the catering industry specifically for students to provide food and drink development, in short, to look at the problem from a long-term perspective, so that there can be the future of the enterprise.
Four, restaurant management structure
Store manager and cashier 1, 1 chef, 2 waiters.
The business philosophy focuses on the following:
The main cultural characteristics: health care, humanistic care
The main product characteristics: with therapeutic health care function of vegetarian meals
The main service characteristics: membership tracking service
The main environmental characteristics: a traditional cultural flavor of the green dining environment
The main environment characteristics: with the traditional Cultural flavor of the green dining environment
Five, market analysis
In the university cafeteria diet has been a problem, the quality of the university's diet is not high has become a recognized problem, just to meet the problem of students to eat, and the quality of the students are far from meeting the requirements of the students. Some of the university dietary situation is worrying, and even some of the university cafeteria appeared in a collective poisoning.
This program is based on this point, in order to protect the dietary safety of college students, improve the quality of food for college students, the establishment of the University Dietary Alliance, aims to provide college students with low-priced, safe and high-quality and rich in characteristics of the food, and at the same time, for the colleges and universities to provide a certain amount of work-study positions, to help poor students to better complete their studies.
Advantages and disadvantages:
Advantageous analysis: The restaurant operation solves the problem of single taste of the school cafeteria meals, and no mobile stalls health is not guaranteed worry, and with the cafeteria is also convenient and time-saving. In addition, this restaurant adopts the self-service selection method, which should be easily welcomed by customers and can save some human resources. Meanwhile, the meal also provides cold drinks and iced porridge, and free tea. Simple and comfortable decoration will be a major feature of the restaurant. Students generally prefer to dine in restaurants with cleanliness and good service attitude, so satisfactory service will also be a major feature of this restaurant. In addition, the school cafeteria has a clear time limit for dining, and few restaurants outside the school sell breakfast, so the restaurant outside the school can more easily capture this part of the market share lost due to the time difference, in other words, the market share generated by the potential customer base who want to dine some time before and after the dining point.
Weaknesses: Due to the start-up, the fast food restaurant is small, such as dining human resources, service programs are relatively limited. And the competition inside and outside the school district is also relatively fierce, so there is still a small disadvantage. On the other hand, because school holidays are fixed, the customer base will plummet during the winter and summer vacations, which will be even less than the summer, which will be a more difficult problem to solve.
Opportunity analysis: According to our market research and analysis, the market demand for our products exists, and has a certain degree of competitiveness. I am students - a member of the largest customer base, so better understand what customers need products and services, from these aspects, it should be a very good opportunity to squeeze into the catering market.
Threat analysis: the restaurant's service and product quality and operating costs and have a direct and inevitable link, so the price of the product will not be lower than competitors, although the overall price is not too high, but in contrast, the customer's affordability has become a major test. And, the cost and profit is also directly linked to the amount of profit is whether the competition in the survival of a major determining factor. Moreover, the different customs and eating habits of different places, another problem arises, that is, whether the majority of customers can be recognized or satisfied with the product, which also needs to be tested.