First, the origin of wine

According to relevant data, the earliest wine on earth should be naturally fermented by wild fruits. Therefore, it can be considered that the emergence of wine is not an invention of human beings, but a creation of nature.

In China, there is also a legend of Du Kang's brewing. One day, the fairy instructed him: If you go outside tomorrow morning, you will meet three people. Each person takes a drop of blood and drops it into the distiller's grains, and the wine is served. As a result, Du Kang met three people the next day, namely a scholar, a samurai and a madman.

These are the three realms of drinking: the first stage is like a scholar, gentle, modest and polite; The second stage is like a battlefield warrior. After three rounds of drinking, they become brothers and fight hard. The third stage, drunk, no manners. I should fall down, lie down, be crazy, say things I dare not say and do things I shouldn't do.

Second, the essence of wine culture: courtesy and affection

The "ceremony" in wine culture is mostly manifested in sacrifices and banquets. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, drinking vessels made of bronze belonged to ritual vessels, and there was a strict distinction between respect and inferiority when they were used. Sacrifice was held in the ancestral hall. Because of the different status and status of the worshippers, they held different drinking utensils. In the eating ceremony, vegetarian dishes and wine pulp should be placed in a certain position, and there is a rule that left wine and right pulp should be left. At present, the chopsticks, plates and dishes on the banquet still need to be arranged neatly. Guests always move their cups after the host toasts, and the host always drinks first, which can also show the legacy of the Millennium wine culture.

The "feelings" in wine culture are most thoroughly displayed by literati through cups. Tao Yuanming's "Calling each other through the door, counting on wine" and Li Bai's "When will the bright moon come to the sky, I will stop for a drink" are even more leisure. Du Fu "buckled the rich door and followed the fat horse dust at dusk." "Broken cups are cold and bitter everywhere" is another emotional cup in wine culture that echoes with people's hearts. It has become a witness to the scene at that time, and sadness, misery, pity and pity can arouse people's * * *.

Third, the situation of wine.

1, no wine, no table.

Banquet noodles garden, holding cups to talk about Sang Ma. Since ancient times, booze has been an important social occasion. People talk about wine, express their feelings through wine and poetry. The ancients were very particular about drinking: in a big room, they paid attention to the environment and drank the mood; In the small room, pay attention to equipment, drink not only wine, but also mood. There are also various ways to drink, and the most interesting thing is probably the winding water: a group of people are sitting around the flowing stream, and their glasses are on the water; Go downstream and drink; With the wine list, it's even more interesting.

2. No wine and no friends

Bring the wine in! Let your cup never stop! .

A thousand cups is short of a bosom friend.

Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have?

There are different feelings and scenes about the ups and downs of this life; Infinite pride and infinite yearning are the true feelings.

Indulge in drinking, happily waving ink, and writing poems emotionally, which is unique and desirable.

3, no wine and no worries

Du Kang is the only one who can solve the problem.

Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people.

One drink will solve all the problems, and then one drink will break all the worries.

A glass of wine worries, wine worries

A thousand sorrows in one drink, three empty cups.

I am troubled when I drink, but I still have to face life after waking up.

Wine is not a good thing, everything is empty today, and everything will be sad tomorrow.

4, no wine is not sad

Laugh and watch the sky go out, raise a glass to relieve worries.

Between pride and frustration, it seems that there is no insoluble pot of wine in life; If there is, then two pots.

Don't bow your head before you get drunk. Sorrow and joy are the same in ancient times.

The beauty of the world is rare, and it is the easiest to feel disappointed after drinking; The more you drink, the more sober you are, and the more drunk you are.

Think about it carefully, how many sleepless nights, how many joys and sorrows, are almost the same; There are thousands of kinds of sadness, but sadness is unified.

5, no wine, no joy

You can laugh several times in life, and you must get drunk when you meet everyone today.

A person's life is incomplete without getting drunk.

Drunk eyes view the world, has its own wonderful chapter.

If you can't figure it out, you might as well get drunk.

Fourth, wine virtue.

The essence of China's ancient wine channel is neutralization, which advocates not to be addicted to alcohol.

You can drink wine, but you should drink it without greed; If you don't drink, you must not drink too much, so it's called harmony. Harmony is harmony, impartiality and transcendence; Drinking should not affect the body and mind, just right; Only having fun and not delaying things can be called harmony.

Wine has the effect of relaxing muscles and promoting blood circulation. As long as the control is in place, it is beneficial and harmless to people's health, so the ancients regarded drinking as a way to keep fit. So, how did the ancients use wine to keep fit?

The first thing is not to drink too much, that is, not to drink too much.

The ancients drank it and winked. In other words, you should drink more, but you should also be able to control yourself; Make sure you don't lose your words and manners. The ignorance of the three masters is the etiquette that the ancients must follow when drinking, that is, it is better for a gentleman to drink three masters; After drinking the third master, you should consciously put down your glass and quit the banquet. The three lords are just right, just measure them.

The second is not to drink on an empty stomach.

There is an old saying in China, don't drink when you are angry on an empty stomach. People think that drinking must be accompanied by delicious food. After wine enters the human body, it is decomposed by the liver, and various vitamins are needed to maintain the alcohol. If there is no food in the gastrointestinal tract at this time, it is easy to cause muscle disorder and liver damage. Therefore, drinking should be accompanied by dishes, fruits and other foods with high nutritional value.

Again, don't mix wine.

Mixing and drinking will produce some new harmful ingredients, which will make people upset and have a headache. I believe many people have a deep understanding.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) wine style

Li Bai once said: three cups lead to the avenue, one cup is natural, and the joy of drinking is all in it. Others call him a poet, but he compares himself to Brewmaster. When a person drinks, there are "until, raise my cup, I ask the moon, bring my shadow to me, let the three of us"; When drinking collectively, there are "36,000 cups a day in a hundred years"; When you are proud, there are "Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty!"! ; When I am depressed, it is "I throw away my food bar and cup, I can't eat or drink, I pull out my dagger, and I peep in four directions in vain". What's more, in Entering Wine, all sages forget the sober people in the past, and only heavy drinkers are famous wines throughout the ages, and Wu and Qiu give them to the lad in exchange for good wine and share the eternal sorrow with the monarch, leaving the best reason for future generations to drink: drink, why think so much?

In contrast, Su Dongpo, a literary master who was born in a family of drinkers, was very temperate. He drinks alcohol every day, but the total amount is no more than five cups a day. He is always in a slightly tipsy state, which is the true meaning of wine. In Su Shi's wine songs, there are not only the boldness of "When there is a bright moon, ask the sky about wine", but also the heaviness of "Life is like a dream, and a bottle returns to the bright moon". Similarly, it is a tragedy. The world of heaven and earth realized by Buddhist Dongpo seems to be more meaningful and philosophical than that seen by Buddhist Qinglian.

Everyone who knows wine understands a simple truth: although it is a good wine, if there is no history, no stories, no word-of-mouth and legends accumulated by generations of drinkers and drinkers, "then this wine lacks real taste." Drinking is not the pursuit of short-term pleasure after drinking high, but the feeling and taste after drinking. There is dry Kun in the wine, and the world is hidden in the cup.

Sixth, wine ceremony

There are many manners on the wine table. Let me give you a few simple examples:

Pour wine for the elders first; If there are guests, pour wine for the guests first, and then pour wine for the elders.

Pour the wine neither too full nor too little, and it is best to be eight full.

When touching a cup with others, you should put your left hand on the bottom of the cup and hold the cup in your right hand; When touching someone else's cup, it is a kind of respect to hold the cup lower than others' cup.

Pay attention to the order of toast, and don't make a toast in disorder. Generally speaking, the order of toasting is that the host respects the guests, the guests respect the guests, the guests reciprocate and the guests respect each other.

Many people can respect a person, but can't respect a person.

Toast with words.

Moderate persuasion.

Don't whisper on the wine table.

Although wine should have manners and methods.

Seven, wine words, wine items

There must be something to say when drinking, among which there are countless toasts, and some toasts often make you drink more.

1, toast

The most popular in the past is:

Feeling deep stuffy, feeling shallow licking, feeling iron vomiting blood.

It's better to doze off than not to get drunk.

It is rare to get drunk several times in life, so you must drink in moderation.

2. Toastmasters

The most classic is the use of Tang poetry and Song poetry, such as:

It's nearly as bad as saying goodbye to Caiyun in Bai Di.

When the sun rises, the flowers in the river win the fire, and the gentleman must drink its wine.

Step 3 stop drinking words

Don't drink too much, for fear of losing face, and refrain from drinking.

A friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and it is also beautiful to replace wine with tea.

When I came, my wife told me to drink less and eat more.

Tell the truth after drinking and take care of your wife.

The ancients had the order of drinking, and decided how much to drink in this order. Wine orders include cultural contents such as classics, poems, songs, proverbs and allusions. Alcoholism is a severe test of people's intelligence, knowledge level, literary accomplishment and adaptability. The wine list is divided into vulgar list and elegant list. Guessing boxing is the representative of common orders, and Yaling is a written order. There have been many wine lists since ancient times. Here are a few examples.

1, dice order

The dice has six faces, and each face is engraved with points from one to six. Dice order was particularly popular in the Tang Dynasty, with many kinds and ways of playing. For example, the Mid-Autumn Festival Moon Appreciation Order: When does it represent the moon? Those who shake are all drunk on the table, and those who don't shake are all drunk by themselves.

Step 2 think

The most common and simple is the same number, that is, after two people have made a move, everyone reports a number at the same time; The sum of the two votes must be equal to a certain number. Whoever says the number is exactly the same as the sum of the two numbers, who is the winner and the loser drinks; If two people say the same number, try again regardless of the result.

3. Solitaire order

Similar to the game of solitaire, when people are asked to smoke wine, after saying the first idiom, the receiver must take the last word of the idiom as the first word of the sentence. Wait, drink what you can't catch up with.

Step 4 pass the parcel

One person plays drums, and flowers are passed among guests with the drums; The drum stopped, the transmission stopped, and whoever spends money drinks. Drummers also have some skills, and the rhythm is fast and slow, creating an unpredictable atmosphere. This is a drinking game for all ages. Because it is simple and fun, it is often used in games between female guests.

5. Flying Flowers Order

The most basic flying flower poems must contain the word "flower" and have strict requirements on the position where the word "flower" appears. These poems can be recited by predecessors or sung live. One by one, when people can't write or recite poems, or write or recite them wrongly, drinkers order them to drink. For example: bloom can be folded straight, and the first word is flower; Falling flowers are independent, and the word is flowers; Where the petals shed like tears, the third word is flower … and so on.

In addition, there are turning tables, fighting tiger boxing, guessing riddles and drinking, improvising poems, making numbers, naming names, making sentences, etc., all of which require the orderer to be agile and witty. The drinking order is not only the expression of the ancient hospitality tradition, but also the crystallization of their drinking art and wisdom.

Besides wine list, there are many customs and habits of wine in China, such as wedding wine, birthday wine, seasonal wine, Qingming wine, Dragon Boat Festival wine, birthday wine, bridal wine, banquet wine, welcome wine, farewell wine, party wine, penalty wine, thank-you wine and so on.

Eight, wine bureau

Nowadays, many people say that there is no wine culture in China, only a wine bureau. In other words, drinking to death is today's wine culture.

Not long ago, a tragedy happened at a wedding banquet in Meizhou, Guangdong. A girl of 17 made a toast as a bridesmaid, drank too much and died while resting in a hotel.

Throw your life on the wine table, and this tragedy will happen at any time. There is no wine culture in China, only wine bureau and wine table culture. China's wine table culture has the following characteristics:

1, persuasion. When you get to the wine table, you don't drink voluntarily, but others make you drink. This is a toast, and at first glance it is leadership; Well, let's drink to see what it is. It's hard for you to refuse. Not that you can't refuse, but that refusing may hurt people's feelings; So in the end, it's hard for you to make a decision, giving people a feeling of being involuntarily. If you don't persuade or drink, you are not sensible. You will become a human being with a heavy responsibility. Can you relax and have a drink?

2. Be proud of being many. China people drink to death, saying, "It is better to drink to death than to shoot". After drinking one cup after another, if you drink less, it's time to run you. "You can't do it. It's interesting to see who drinks too much. " The implication is not to drink too much, and drinking to death is not enough. People don't think about your drinking capacity or your health. He finished the task even if he drank your wine, regardless of whether you are sick or not. The physical quality of China people is generally inferior to that of Europe and America, which is closely related to the wine table culture. A man's stomach is bigger than that of a pregnant woman, which makes people sick.

3. snobbery. Toast on the wine table is the most important thing to toast the leaders. We should also seize the opportunity, be good at blocking drinks for leaders, and regard drinking with leaders as an opportunity to gain goodwill; If you are a leader, I'm afraid it's time to wait for someone to give you a toast and get a sense of superiority from the flattering wishes of your subordinates. These are the embodiment of China people's deep-rooted servility and hierarchy. These did not disappear with the progress of the times, but became popular with the wine table culture.

4. Waste of resources. How can you eat after drinking so much wine? A table full of dishes, I'm afraid I can't move a few chopsticks in the end. This is actually a great waste of social resources. I'm afraid it would be better to put these resources into more meaningful uses.

5. The motives are complicated. Many dinners are set up for unfair transactions. There are many fake and ugly things in the dinner, and there are endless power and money transactions on the wine table.

The essence of wine table culture is hierarchical order. Toasting and toasting are constantly determining their own identity and status: superiors tell subordinates to exert their authority, and subordinates don't drink, which is a challenge to authority. This kind of disobedience will make people with high status feel out of control and lose face; When a subordinate toasts his superior, he confirms his subordinate status. Generally, you have to drink two more cups, which means that the other party has a higher status than yourself, and the superior can not return the gift. Unequal behavior. Only the elders force the younger generation, the superiors force the subordinates, and Party A forces Party B. ..

Top management and top management never look for their own value on the wine table. A self-disciplined person should be able to control not only his body, soul, thoughts and actions, but also his mouth. People who have no restraint are generally irresponsible to their families. Only by learning to cherish your body can you use your body to shelter your family from the wind and rain. Even if you know more brothers on the wine table, everyone pats their chests and says share weal and woe; But something really happened, and only your wife and children accompanied you to bear it. Don't wait until something happens to your body to realize that there are thousands of ways to prove your ability in this world, and drinking is the stupidest one.

Nine, foreign wine culture

1, Britain is open to drinkers.

Britain is the most drinkable country in the world. Britain produces a small amount of wine, but it is a big consumer of alcohol. Domestic, foreign, all-inclusive In London, LONDONPRIDE brewed with Thames water is everyone's favorite light beer.

2. Russia drinks to resist the cold winter

Perhaps it is because most of Russia's territory is located in cold regions. In order to resist the harsh natural conditions, only when you are drunk can you spend the long winter. Vodka is the national wine of Russia and the product of extremely cold places. In the eyes of Russians, men who don't drink are not real men; Russian men say it's better to die than to drink vodka. Some Russians will ask if they have eaten, just as we in China often ask if we have eaten. No wonder people often compare vodka to the first wife of a Russian man.

3. French wine cellar shows off wealth

When you visit a French friend's house, they won't show off their houses and paintings, but they will take you to the wine cellar. The wine cellar shows the quality of life of the French people, symbolizing wealth, self-cultivation and cultural taste. The French have a saying that private wine cellars are elegant in storage. In order to create an elegant atmosphere, the French began to decorate the wine cellar on the first day they lived in the villa. France is a world-famous wine producer, and its wine production ranks first in the world. Champagne and brandy are world famous. The French are very picky about wine. You can drink several different wines at a meal, and the order is very clear. Generally divided into aperitif, aperitif, table wine and after-dinner wine.

4. German beer becomes the king of drinks.

Just as porcelain reminds people of China, cherry blossoms remind people of Japan, cowboys remind people of the United States, and beer reminds people of German. Dark beer is the most distinctive beer in Germany, and its liquor is brown or dark brown. German stout has outstanding beauty function. It is said that German girls with large pores often use beer to astringe pores, diminish inflammation and sterilize. On the other hand, beer contains some enzymes after grain fermentation, which can decompose keratin and oil. Of course, the calorie content of German stout is quite amazing. 100 ml dark beer contains 100 calories. People who want to exercise should not drink too much.