By the end of 20 14, China has developed a world-class high-speed railway and formed a relatively complete high-speed rail technology system; By introducing the development strategy of digestion, absorption and innovation, we systematically master the manufacturing technology of EMUs with a speed of 200 to 250 kilometers per hour and build a technical platform for EMUs with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour. The Code for Design of High-speed Railway was officially issued, which has become the technical standard system of high-speed railway construction in China.
On July 5, 20 16, two China standard high-speed emus completed the safety Expo on Zhengzhou-Xuzhou high-speed railway at a speed of 420km/h, which indicates that China has completely mastered the core technology of high-speed railway. At the same time, CRRC has occupied 69% of the global high-speed railway market and become the world leader in high-speed railway.
2065438+On June 26th, 2007, Fuxing train was put into operation, equipped with high-power IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) independently developed by China. Among the 254 important standards adopted by Chinese standard EMUs, China standard accounts for 84%, and international compatible standard accounts for 16%, so different trains can be reconnected.
2065438+On August 2, 2008, China Railway Corporation started the automatic driving system test of Beijing-Shenyang high-speed train.
2065438+On June 26th, 2009, a complete set of gantry transportation equipment with a span of 40m1000t independently developed by China was put into use, completing the third breakthrough of gantry technology for high-speed rail. At the end of September, all the 5G signal base stations along beijing-zhangjiakou intercity railway were opened.
By the end of 20 19,165438+123, China has systematically mastered the complete set of high-speed rail construction technologies under various complex geological and climatic conditions, and has overcome a series of worldwide technical problems in the field of railway engineering construction. Fully master the manufacturing technology of building EMUs with a speed of 200-250 km/h and 300-350 km/h, and build a mature and complete high-speed rail technology system covering different speed grades.
Second, speed recording.
1On June 24th, 1998, Shaoshan No.8 electric locomotive 000 1 set a speed record of 240 km/h in the trial section of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, becoming the first high-speed locomotive in China. On August 28th, the "New Speed" tilting train (X2000) was put into operation in guangzhou-shenzhen railway, with a maximum running speed of 200 kilometers per hour.
From 200 1 to 1, the "Blue Arrow" EMU was put into operation in guangzhou-shenzhen railway, with a maximum running speed of 200 kilometers per hour.
On June 27th, 2002, the trial operation speed of the Qin-Shen Passenger Dedicated Line 165438+ China Star EMU reached 321.5 km/h.
20 10 February 3rd, 10, the "Harmony" CRH380A EMU set a test speed record of 486. 1 km/h on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway.
2014 65438+1October 16, China CIT500 high-speed train was tested at a speed of 605 km/h in the laboratory.
As of 20 19, the maximum running speed of high-speed railway trains in China is 350 km/h, ranking first in the world.
Three. Operating mileage
By the end of 20 15, the total mileage of high-speed railway in China has reached 19 km.
By the end of 20 16, the total mileage of China's high-speed railway has exceeded 20,000 kilometers.
By the end of 20 17, the total mileage of China's high-speed railway has reached 25,000 kilometers.
By the end of 20 18, the total operating mileage of China's high-speed railways exceeded 29,000 kilometers.
By the end of 20 19, the total mileage of China's high-speed railway reached 35,000 kilometers.
Fourth, passenger transport.
During the period from August 1 day to July1day 201day 6, 2008, China's high-speed railway operated EMU trains to send more than 5 billion passengers.
During the period of 20 17 in Spring Festival travel rush, China's high-speed railway operated EMU trains sent a total of1800,000 passengers, accounting for 5 1.4% of the national railway passenger traffic.
In 20 18, China's high-speed railway operated EMU trains, which sent 2.005 billion passengers.
Construction significance
Early critics in China and abroad have always questioned the necessity of building a high-speed railway system in a developing country, and most migrant workers can't afford high-speed rail tickets.
However, the China municipal government has made it clear that although high-speed rail construction is expensive, these construction projects will also promote the realization of some policy objectives. As China has a vast territory, a large population and frequent mobility, high-speed railway, as a popular means of transportation, has a huge demand, and it also provides passengers with a fast, reliable and comfortable mode of travel.
Although the operating time of high-speed rail in Chinese mainland is shorter than that in developed countries, the "high-speed rail economic effect" has obviously appeared, which has played an important role in promoting the cultivation of industrial belts and urban modern service industries along the line, as well as the acceleration of population mobility and population agglomeration along the line.
In the period of rapid expansion of high-speed rail scale, the spatial effect of high-speed rail will be further revealed, and it will also become a powerful engine to promote national economic and social development. It is embodied in the following aspects:
1. By improving the transportation capacity of the railway, it can realize the seamless connection with the job market, thus improving the economic productivity and long-term competitiveness.
In addition, after the opening of the high-speed railway, some existing lines released the transportation capacity, which eased the long-term shortage of freight capacity, and the turnover of people and logistics in the whole society was obviously accelerated, which effectively reduced the cost and was more profitable for the railway.
2. During the economic recession, the construction of high-speed rail has created employment opportunities, stimulated the demand of construction, steel and cement industries, and stimulated the economy in a short time. Among them, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway * * * employs construction workers 1 10000.
3. Promote cross-city economic integration and the growth of second-tier cities.
With the introduction of high-speed rail, the market potential of second-tier cities has increased by 59%, and property prices have actually increased by 4.5% on average. The opening of high-speed rail also produces the "same city effect", which realizes the sharing of regional resources, accelerates the industrial gradient transfer, effectively promotes the optimized division of labor within the region, forms a comparative advantage around the industrial chain construction along the high-speed rail, and promotes the coordinated and complementary development of industries along the line.
For example, with the continuous opening of high-speed railway in the Yangtze River Delta, the coordinated division of labor, dislocation development and orderly industrial system in the Yangtze River Delta have been gradually improved, which has effectively supported and guided the development of different industrial systems in the city to a great extent.
In addition, the high-speed rail has obviously expanded the life radius and activity scope of China people, and the lifestyle and rhythm have gradually changed, which has spawned new occupations such as "Sunday engineer" and "holiday expert" and formed a "high-speed rail society".
At the same time, providing for the aged in different places has become a reality. For example, nursing homes in Langfang, Kunshan and Dezhou have begun to attract the elderly in Beijing and Shanghai to enjoy a more comfortable life for the elderly at a lower cost.
4. Support environmental sustainable development. EMU consumes less energy than other means of transportation, and can obtain electricity from more kinds of energy (including renewable energy). Cars and planes do not have these characteristics, because these energy sources are more dependent on imported oil.
5. Develop high-speed rail equipment industry.
The construction of high-speed railway will also make China become the main source country of high-speed railway construction technology. After importing imported technology, China's rail equipment manufacturers directly entered the domestic production link, then carried out technical transformation, and even began to prepare to export overseas to compete with foreign suppliers. ?
Six years after CRRC Sifang obtained the production right authorized by E2 of Kawasaki Heavy Industries Shinkansen, CRH2A trains can be produced by CRRC Sifang, and Kawasaki Heavy Industries also ended its cooperation with CRRC Sifang on high-speed rail.
Today, China has the most comprehensive high-speed railway technology in the world, which can undertake "package" exports in the fields of communication signals, public works, traction power supply, locomotive and bus manufacturing and even operation management.
6. Stimulate industry development.
The completion of the high-speed railway has promoted the rapid development of secondary industries such as metallurgy, machinery, construction, rubber, electric power, information, computers and precision instruments, and also promoted the development of tertiary industries such as tourism, catering and commerce in cities along the route.
For example, after the opening of the Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway, the economic exchanges between the two municipalities directly under the Central Government and the surrounding areas are increasing; After the opening of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, cities along the line have become new platforms to undertake industrial transfer in the Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Rim.
7. Promote the development of new urbanization.
With the increase of passenger flow in some high-speed rail lines, it fully shows that high-speed rail has a significant inducing effect on population flow, making small and medium-sized towns that were little known or well-known but have inconvenient transportation become hot spots to absorb population.
Refer to the above? Baidu Encyclopedia-China High Speed Rail