in the first month of the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1276), the territory still under the control of Southern Song Dynasty was largely owned by Yuan Dynasty. On the battlefield of Jinghu Lake, Ali and his men in The Hague, after a three-month siege, attacked Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan), an important town in the south of Jinghu Lake. Li Fu, the commander-in-chief, ordered his family to go upstairs and get drunk, and ordered his cronies to kill the whole family. He himself also calmly led the neck and practiced his oath of "making a country with his family". Ali Hague entered the city, killing was forbidden, and granaries were sent to relieve hunger, and Hunan counties were attached to it. Yuan Ting also ordered Li Heng, the head of Ashu Department, to set up Marshal's Mansion in Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) from Xundutai and run through Jiangxi. From Jinghu to western Zhejiang, the Yuan Army was completely connected. After the surrender of Hangzhou, the Empress Dowager Xie issued a letter at the order of Yuan, which made the counties in the south of the Yangtze River stop resisting. Zhao Wen said: "Now that Yuan soldiers have conquered Hangzhou, the country has been uprooted. Although cities all over the world still want to refuse to defend, what sins do the people have to suffer from war again? From the date of receiving the imperial edict, I earnestly hope that you will each submit to Mongolia, and perhaps you can save the strangers from suffering from poison. " The county magistrate's orders in many southeast States can be seen with peace of mind. Yanzhou (ruled in the northwest of Jiande, Zhejiang Province) has always been advertised as "dying in the place of his government". When the Yuan army approached, Fang Hui suddenly disappeared. People thought that he must have committed suicide by practicing his promise, and looked for his body everywhere, but it was not until later that he learned that he had arrived in Thanks To Drop thirty miles away. Shortly thereafter, he turned out to be "proud of himself, riding across the horse."

in February of the 13th year of the Yuan Dynasty, civil and military officials of the Southern Song Dynasty left Hangzhou, and each paid an audience with the titles conferred by the Song Dynasty at the Yuan Army Camp. Their "audience" was Bo Yan, commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army who conquered their parents' country. This month, Bo Yan, with the authorization of the Yuan court, appointed the Yuan "Dudufu in West Zhejiang" to be stationed in Hangzhou. In March, Bo Yan entered Hangzhou. The former capital of the great southern country has now become the ruling place of the "book province in the middle of the country" in Yuan Dynasty. The "new owners" in the south of the Yangtze River began to collect the imperial seal of the Song Dynasty officials, to abolish the official government, to "read" the Song Treasury, and to "check" all kinds of rare treasures, but there were no ritual vessels, sacrificial vessels, ceremonial ceremonies, household registration files and a large number of books in the Song Dynasty. All the famous paintings and calligraphy posts collected by the royal family in the Song Dynasty were also transported to the north, which opened the eyes of the Confucian scholars in the northern court. The Yuan court called Bo Yan and Song Junchen into the court. On March 12th, Bo Yan sent someone to announce a letter to the Song royal family. When the Xuanzhao people read that the Yuan Dynasty spared the young master and queen mother of Song Dynasty from tying the neck and holding the sheep in their hands to show that the minister of national subjugation offered sincerity to the conqueror, the mother of the young emperor, Quan Shi, was in tears and said to her son, "You should thank the Jingque for letting you live." After the young emperor finished worshipping, the mother and son took the sedan chair together, "leaving the palace every day." Only Xie got sick and stayed in Hangzhou, but he was driven north soon. Before he left, Zhao's mother and son sought audience with Bo Yan. Bo Yan refused by saying that "there is no ceremony to meet each other before entering the DPRK".

Shortly after the imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty, an ancient recluse, the cities in the western part of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River that had not been conquered by the Yuan army were soon all owned by the Yuan army because of the surrender of Xia Gui, the commander-in-chief of the defense zone. The eastern part of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River stuck to it under the command of Li Tingzhi, commander-in-chief of Yangzhou. Empress Xie and the young master sent envoys to the city to order Li Tingzhi to surrender. He replied, "I have been ordered to defend the city, but I have never heard of any imperial edict." On the way to the northern pilgrimage of the Song royal family, Empress Xie wrote to persuade her to surrender, saying, "Now that the young master and I have surrendered, who are you guarding the city for?" Li Tingzhi ordered archers to shoot back messengers from the city, and sent troops to hijack the "holy driving", which failed. Soon, the Yuan army besieged Yangzhou. Yuan sent Ashu to surrender with Kublai Khan's imperial edict. Li Tingzhi beheaded and burned the imperial edict, vowing to die.

In the midsummer of p>1276, many cities near Yangzhou exhausted their money, and Yangzhou city soon ran out of food. Soldiers even cook and eat. Just then, the Song Dynasty exiled to the south called Li Tingzhi to the south. Li Tingzhi was out of the city with Jiang Cai, and wanted to go to China Southern Airlines via Taizhou. As a result, he was surrounded by Yuan pursuers in Taizhou city. Zhu Huan, who stayed in Yangzhou, had already given birth to the idea of surrender. As soon as Li Tingzhi and Jiang Cai left, they voted for Yuan in a lonely city. Li Tingzhi and Jiang Cai were betrayed by Taizhou's generals and refused to die in Yuanying. When Yangzhou was lost, the remnants of Song Jun in eastern Huaidong were shaken, and the Yuan army took advantage of the situation to the best of its ability.

Before Hangzhou was occupied by the Yuan Army, the Song Dynasty hastily made Zhao Gang and Zhao Jian, two younger brothers of the young emperor, the beneficial king and the guang king, which were divided into Fuzhou and Quanzhou. The two kings fled Hangzhou the day after Song Tingfeng surrendered, and later entered Fujian by sea. Chen Yizhong, the Prime Minister who left the night before, also went to vote for the two kings to seek rejuvenation. In the middle of June, 1276, Zhao Xing, the king of Yi, became the emperor in Fuzhou, and was later called Duanzong. Brother Zhao Jing was named King Wei again. The Southern Song Dynasty established a small court in exile. Wen Tianxiang, who went to Yuanying before Hangzhou surrendered and was detained by Bo Yan, escaped on the way to the North, and then he also turned to Zhao Gang. The exiled regime tried to rely on Fujian to restore Zhejiang and Gannan. In Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces, Wen Minting issued a letter, which is also "in response." The bee is attached to the ant. " The anti-Yuan struggle of the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty in southeast China resulted in two short-term climaxes with great momentum.

at the beginning of the establishment of the Fujian court, various armies were dispatched in an attempt to recover the cities occupied by Zhejiang and Zhejiang. Many cities in Yuan Dynasty rose up again, and even the troops attacked Yuan Dynasty, so "the people responded", which caused an exciting situation for a while. Song Jun forces once reached the southeast of Jiangxi. But within two months, the anti-Yuan Song Jun failed successively. Instead, the Yuan army crossed the Qiantang River, completely destroyed the remnants of Zhejiang and Zhejiang, and attacked Fujian and Guangxi in three ways at the end of autumn. The exiled regime fled south from Fuzhou by sea. The Yuan Army pushed southward across the board, and by the beginning of 1277, Song's power in Fujian had almost collapsed. At this moment, Yuan Ting concentrated on dealing with the rebellion of the northwest kings. Withdraw the troops from the Song Dynasty and defend the Central Plains. So Song Jun saved his life and took the opportunity to launch the second large-scale anti-Yuan offensive in Fujian and Jiangxi. If the previous offensive was to attack Zhejiang according to Fujian, then this time it was to retreat from Guangdong and attack Fujian and Jiangxi. The government in exile is almost fighting a trapped beast.

the offensive in Jiangxi was mainly commanded by Wen Tianxiang. He has been supervising teachers at the front since he joined the government in exile. First, the government opened the southern sword (now Nanping, Fujian), and then moved to Tingzhou (now Changting, Fujian) to carry out the strategic task of attacking Jiangxi according to Tingting. In the late autumn of 1276, he joined forces in Ningdu and Yudu (now Yudu, Jiangxi Province) to contact the anti-Yuan forces in Ganzhou City and prepare to "make a pact and take Jiangxi". Rebels from all over Jiangxi rose and responded. However, due to the Yuan army's massive attack on Fujian, Wen Tianxiang had to withdraw its troops to resist the Yuan soldiers coming from the east. Song Jun in Jiangxi lost mutual support, lost his footing, and lost in succession. In June, 1277, Wen Tianxiang went north from Meizhou (now Meixian County, Guangdong Province) and entered Jiangxi again. Song Jun joined Huichang, Yudu and Xingguo, and recovered most of Ganzhou and Jizhou. Other areas in Jiangxi also have many corresponding actions. Jinghu, Minguang and even Jianghuai all have anti-yuan forces to contact Wen Tianxiang and are willing to be restrained by it. At this time, the political influence of the exiled small court in the Southern Song Dynasty expanded rapidly.

however, the momentum of the second entry into Jiangxi lasted less than two months, and it was destroyed by the Yuan Army. In July of the 14th year of Zhiyuan (1277), Yuan Ting set up a book in Jiangxi Province, specializing in discussion. In August, the Yuan Army attacked Wen Tianxiang's headquarters in Xingguo, "and struck it away, chasing it for four hundred miles, and the empty pit. Reduce its public by more than 211,111. " Wen Tianxiang almost took off alone, and his wives and sons were captured by the Yuan Army. The war situation in Jiangxi was suddenly reversed. The volunteers in other areas were also killed.

After Jiangxi appeasement, the Yuan Army marched all the way over Meiling to attack Guangdong; The other swept through Fujian and entered Guangdong from there. During this period, the Yiwang regime moved from Chaozhou to Xiushan in Guangzhou's shallow bay, and then ran to Jing 'ao (that is, the ocean where the islands south of Macao are now located). When the boat was defeated, the sergeant died more than half. Then he avoided chasing troops into the sea and went to Qizhou Ocean (now the South China Sea area east of Hainan Island). The following spring, I returned to Guangzhou and moved to Dongzhou Island (on the ocean outside Zhanjiang today). In April, Zhao Gang was frightened to death in Dongzhou. Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and others made Zhao Jue, the 8-year-old King of Wei, emperor. In June, Zhang Shijie led an army to recover Leizhou (today's Guangdong Haikang) and failed. So Feng Di Min moved to Mount Li, a hundred miles south of Xinhui in Guangzhou Bay. At this time, he still had more than 811 boats and boats, with ten thousand foot soldiers.

even at the moment of disaster, this small court refused to give up infighting. In the past, Wen Tianxiang asked to lead troops into the DPRK to escort, but Chen Yizhong refused. Shortly before King Yi's death, he went to the table in Ganxi Mountain (Shipyard) on the southeast coast of Adi Island, and since he was guilty of illegally defeating Jiangxi, he was invited to the DPRK again, but he was still not allowed. He had to lead the remnant army in Chaozhou and Huizhou to persist in resisting Yuan.

In the same month when the Guangwang regime moved to Jianshan, that is, in June of the 15th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1278), the Yuan court called Zhang Hongfan, the son of Zhang Rou, one of the most famous princes in Han Dynasty, and appointed him as a marshal of both Mongolian and Han armies, ordering him to annihilate the Guangwang regime. Zhang Hongfan recommended Li Heng as the vice-commander, and led 21,111 naval troops to destroy the remnants of the Song Dynasty. From Zhang Hongfan to Chaoyang in December. The former army defeated Wen Tianxiang, who had gone from Chaoyang to Haifeng, and captured him. In the 16th year of Zhiyuan (1279), in the first month, the Yuan army went to Yashan from Chaoyang by sea, and on the way, it ordered Wen Tianxiang, who was attached to the army, to write a book to surrender Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang was taught by the poem "Crossing the Zero Ding Yang", leaving a famous sentence "Who has never died in life since ancient times, leaving a heart to shine on history".

at the beginning of February in the 16th year of Zhiyuan, Zhang Hongfan and Li Heng joined forces and launched a general attack on Song Jian's landscape division. After a fierce battle, the whole army of Song Bing was defeated. Lu Xiufu fought the sword to drive his wife away. I carried Zhao Min, the King of Guang, and jumped into the water to sink myself. Zhang Shijie led more than 111 ships to break through the tight encirclement overnight, but on the way, they were damaged by a hurricane and drowned. The small exiled court in the Southern Song Dynasty perished.

One month before the Battle of Hanshan, Wang Li, the guard of Song Hezhou Fishing City (Hezhou Governance Institute, northeast of Hechuan, Sichuan), surrendered. To be sure, the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty was basically owned by the Yuan Dynasty.

So the history of the Southern Song Dynasty ended. However, it came to a tragic end because of Wen Tianxiang's generous martyrdom. This conclusion will at least make those who have witnessed and heard the humiliation of the Song Dynasty's pilgrimage to the North not completely despise this grand court.

The young emperor, empress dowager and Song Dynasty bureaucrats who died in the Song Dynasty arrived in Kublai Khan's summer capital in April of the 13th year of Zhiyuan (1276). On the first day of May, it was the same day that King Yi, Zhao Xian's brother, announced his accession to the throne in Fuzhou. Zhao Xian, his queen mother and the "Qi please ambassador" who was appointed by the former prime minister and other senior bureaucrats were ordered to worship in the ancestral temple of the Yuan Dynasty in the west of Shangdu. On May 2nd, Kublai Khan officially received the defeated monarch and his subjects. The meeting place is in the grass tent hall in the south of Shangdu City. Zhao Xian was named "Ying Guogong". Then a state banquet was held to celebrate Pingsong. The monarch and ministers of the Song Dynasty were also ordered to attend, actually giving them an insult as an honor. Kublai Khan has always looked down on the surrender of the Southern Song Dynasty. He once asked them, "Why did you surrender so easily?" The generals replied, "Jia Sidao, the powerful minister of the Song Dynasty, was good at breaking the political handle. He always treated the scribes with courtesy, but despised the military attache. I have already had an injustice, and my heart is detached from my body, so I am all looking forward to the wind! " Kublai Khan probably replied in Mongolian and asked Dong Wenzhong to translate it into Chinese: "Even if Jia Sidao really despises you people, it is only Jia Sidao's fault. And what did the monarch of your do to your? Even if the facts are as you say, then it is indeed reasonable for Jia Sidao to despise you. " However, on the occasion of the banquet that day, Kublai Khan would not have taunted them like this. He just curiously asked Wu Jian, who served as the "Qi please ambassador" as the prime minister of the Song Dynasty: "You are very old, why do you want to be the prime minister to govern the state affairs?" Wu Jian replied that he became prime minister because all the Koreans fled. He quickly asked Kublai Khan to allow him to retire.

naturally, when Mongols attend the banquet, "everyone is very happy". However, some people appreciate the bitterness, and the clever Queen Chabi is unhappy. Kublai Khan asked: "I have pacified Jiangnan now, and there has been no war in the world since then." Everyone likes it, only you are unhappy. Why? " Chabi knelt down and said, "I heard that there was no country for thousands of years since ancient times. I hope that my descendants will not fall into the position of Zhao Guanjia's mother and son today, and that is the greatest luck! " Kublai Khan put all the treasures in the library of the Song Dynasty on the court and asked Chabi to come and see them. Chabi will leave at a glance. Kublai Khan asked people to ask her what she wanted. She said, "The Song people stored these treasures and passed them on to their descendants, but they couldn't keep them, and now they belong to my family. I can't bear to take any of them! "

The appreciation of ancient figures is different from that of the royal family in Song Dynasty. However, in a humiliating situation, Wen Tianxiang respected himself and wrote a "Zhengqi Song" with the suffering of four years in prison.

Shortly after he was captured by the Yuan Army, he was taken to Zhang Hongfan, the front commander of the Yuan Army. Zhang Hongfan was bent on persuading him to surrender, and Wen Tianxiang's answer was "please die" repeatedly. After the mountain-crushing war, Zhang Hongfan asked him, "The country has perished. Now, who will record it for you? " Wen Tianxiang replied: "People and ministers express their hearts with death, which tube records are not recorded."

in October of 16th year of Yuan Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was taken to Dadu by Yuan Dynasty. Liu Mengyan, who is also the top scholar and prime minister of Wen Tianxiang, went to surrender first and was reprimanded. Then the monarch of national subjugation "Ying Guogong" came to persuade Wen Tianxiang to "worship the number in the north" as soon as he saw it, begging for the "holy driving" to return to Yu, so as not to let Zhao Xian speak. So it was the turn of the powerful minister of the Yuan Dynasty, Ahema (Hui people), to inspect the prison. Wen Tianxiang bowed and took his seat. Ahema was in high spirits at that time and asked him, "Who do you take me for?" Wen Tianxiang replied: "I just heard that the Prime Minister is coming." Ahema asked, "Since I know that I am the prime minister, why don't I kneel down?" Answer: "Why did the Prime Minister of the Southern Dynasty kneel when he saw the Prime Minister of the Northern Dynasty?" Not happy, Ahema said to the people around him, "This man's life and death are still in my hands." Wen Tianxiang said: "If you want to kill the people who have conquered the country, you can kill them. What do you say is in your hands but not in your hands?" Ahema came home in a huff.

So the Yuan Dynasty imprisoned Wen Tianxiang for a long time, trying to gradually kill his will. But after two or three years, Wen Tianxiang didn't change his mind. In December of the 19th year of Zhiyuan (1282), Kublai Khan personally summoned Wen Tianxiang to persuade him to join the Yuan Dynasty with the prime minister or senior officials of the Tang Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang still bowed down with a long bow, claiming that "Tianxiang was the prime minister of the Song Dynasty. Song Wu, but can die, can not be born. " In the same month, Kublai Khan decided to execute him. Wen Tianxiang got the news and said calmly, "I'm in trouble!" Look high without a slight change. To the execution ground, and wrote two poems. Secondly, he said, "The clothes have been mixed with felt and fur for seven years, and they are gaunt and described as Chu prisoners. Long Yu two palaces cliff ridge moon, brave ten thousand stoves Haimen autumn. The old heroes of eternity are scattered. The country is ruined and the cause is closed. There is only one spirit of loyalty and loyalty, and the blue sky is long and sorrowful. " He was punished calmly and died at the age of 47.