In the past 60 years, China has solved the problem of food and clothing for 654.38+300 million people, basically reaching a well-off level, and the number of poor people has decreased from 200 million to more than 20 million in the past 60 years. The success of one country, two systems, the spectacular construction of the Three Gorges Project, the feat of Shenzhou manned spacecraft, the passion of developing the western region, the complete success of the Olympic Games, and the "reunion" of the three links across the Taiwan Strait ... countless great achievements are displayed in front of us, inspiring us to move towards the next 60 years!
60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, 60 years of changes. 60 years of personal experience has touched the pulse of social progress, and 60 years of reform and opening up have benefited everyone in China. 197865438+February, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party was successfully held, which opened a new historical period of reform and opening up and was a great turning point with far-reaching significance in the history of our party since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The national economy has developed rapidly in the past 30 years, and our living and working conditions have also changed greatly in these 30 years. Food, clothing, housing and transportation, living environment and working conditions are all earth-shaking. According to my mother, in the era of voucher supply during the planned economy period, you can buy at most two new clothes a year, or ordinary plain cloth. The expectation of "wearing new clothes for the New Year" was the wish of peers at that time. If you can put on new clothes before the New Year, the satisfaction and pride envied by your neighbors are beyond the reach of young people nowadays, not to mention that every little angel now has at least several sets of clothes with good styles and textures and distinct seasons. The supply of food is unforgettable for my mother. It is natural to buy meat with tickets, but there is absolutely no need to be picky, let alone wait in line in the crowded open air and worry about whether there is any goods to buy when it is my turn. Because of the scramble for food, adults make noise and even scramble for food, which scares children. When my mother was a teenager, she was most afraid of letting her parents shout in line. When accepting this task, she often insisted that "I would rather not eat meat than wait in line". In the sixties and seventies, materials were extremely scarce. A piece of brown sugar or tofu, or even Chili noodles with some salt, was once a common snack for people. At that time, eating with relish was no less than the excitement of children eating the latest food on the market, and the carefree after being numb by peppers was no less than the hearty after eating hot pot. Thirty years ago, many families had only one house. Almost the same layout is to put a bed or a wardrobe in the middle of the house, draw curtains and divide the house into two rooms, with the living room and dining room in front. My mother said that when they play, they can only sit under the covers. If conditions are better, they can prepare one or two ponies or Xiao Mu stools. Families with many children have to be designed as bunk beds, with another bedroom and storage room behind the bed. When conditions are good now, most people live in three rooms and one living room and have their own independent kingdom. That kind of excitement is self-evident. Not to mention how advanced the automation office conditions are now, I don't know how many kinds of water heaters have been changed just by drinking boiled water. In the late 1950s, boiling water could only be prepared during the supply time of the boiler room in the morning to ensure the needs of the whole day. It's uncomfortable to sit next to the office and reach out and add pure water to the water dispenser now. Communication tools have also changed. In the 1980 s, a hand-held telephone was used, and it was a headache every time you needed to contact, not to mention connecting the operator of the post office first and then transferring to a certain place or unit. If the other party's signal is not very good, I have to make several calls, and sometimes it takes a day to get through. In the 1990s, the pioneer of reform and opening-up, with a BB machine slung around his waist, made phone calls at any time and had paging signals. Every time he shouts, he even pretends not to hear it, so that it can ring a few more times ... The pride of the holder is self-evident. In the Millennium, mobile phones have once again become a status symbol. The holder should not only shout in a voice out of proportion to his height, but also speak in the local language to make him feel like a saint in front of others. In today's 2 1 century, everyone has more than one mobile phone in his hand, so wherever he goes, he is close at hand, and his work efficiency and economic benefits are fruitful. I have been touched by the changes in the past 60 years, but what I have experienced is only a small microcosm of the lives of thousands of people in Qian Qian. In the past 30 years of reform and opening-up, China has gone through hundreds of years of history in western capitalist countries, and its great achievements have not come easily. We live in such a beautiful golden age, and this happy, stable and harmonious situation also needs us to cherish and maintain. Through our efforts and struggles, the motherland will become more and more prosperous and the people's lives will become better and better!
Came to my hometown, ah! How beautiful! Is this my vertigo? I rubbed my eyes, didn't I? The original bumpy path has now become a flat asphalt road, with flowers and trees planted on both sides, bees singing, butterflies flying and tall buildings rising. My father and I came to my uncle's house. Wow, my uncle's house has also changed. The walls are painted as white as snow, as if they were made of powder and Daiyu, as if they were wrapped in white. The furniture is also brand-new, engraved with dragon and phoenix patterns. The house is so big that they don't have to cook with a stove anymore. It's all changed into a gas stove, which is convenient and fast ... I feel like I'm in a fairyland on earth. My uncle took me into a room and opened a piece of cloth. Ah, this is exactly what I am familiar with-a computer. My uncle operates the computer skillfully, just like talking about the piano. My sister also has a computer. She is good at playing with computers. The old social concept of son preference is gone forever now. I didn't expect the quality of my hometown people to improve so quickly! After lunch, I took a leisurely walk and saw that those farmers in the distance no longer used old Niu Gengdi, but used various tractors. The sound when plowing seems to praise the changes in my hometown.
The people in my hometown have changed, the land has changed, the transportation is convenient, and there are telephones and so on. But what caused these changes? I was puzzled when two women were talking and laughing. One said, "It's better for the government. I don't like boys better than girls. I just found out now that girls are so great! " "My daughter is also ..." I suddenly realized that this is the credit of the government! I think: if we talk about the future, it will definitely get better here!
A pleasant change
When I was a child, I often heard adults tell me that the world is constantly changing, and everything around you will not remain the same for life. At that time, I didn't quite understand, just curious why everything would change, even beyond recognition. It's like a face change in a movie.
After a few years, I have been sensible and seem to know a little. Everything is developing, just like time keeps passing. Although the development is fast and slow, it will all become different from before. This is the magic of development, and it is also the driving force for their continuous development.
When I grow up, I look at the people and things coming and going around me, and the environment is constantly changing, so to fully understand the importance of development, take Hangzhou as an example. No, I'm afraid I can't talk about the changes in Hangzhou for days and nights. Let's narrow it down a little and talk about Wen 'er Road, which is neither long nor short.
My elders told me that about twenty years ago, there were not so many houses there, mostly farmland and cemeteries, which were very desolate. Although I didn't see it with my own eyes, I can probably imagine the situation at that time.
I have lived in that area since I was a child. When I was a primary school student, I often went there because my school was near my home. At that time, although the road was much better than before, it was only an alley at best. When the wind blows, the dust is flying, and the eyes are foggy, but when it rains, it is not much better. If you travel there, you must wash your shoes, because the ground is like a thick layer of mud.
For about ten years, Wen Er Road has completely changed. Like a grown-up child, it is showing its charm. Although it is not as good as the listed center, it is also very similar. The shops on the roadside opened, and then they were renovated again and again, and the road widened. Cars come and go on it, extending in all directions. This is not the old Wen 'er Road. It represents the most remarkable change in the new century and represents that Hangzhou is moving towards a higher level.
Happiness lies in change.
On February 8, 2008, the 30th anniversary of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, president and Hu Jintao, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, delivered important speeches at the meeting. He said, "Comrades! 1978 12 18, that is, 30 years ago today, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party was held ceremoniously. This meeting achieved a great turning point with far-reaching significance in the history of our party since the founding of New China, and opened a new historical period of China's reform and opening up ... "2008 was an exciting year. This year is the Olympic year, the 59th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), and the 30th anniversary of the reform and opening up! The reform and opening up has made China step by step prosperous and the Chinese people live and work in peace and contentment. Qinghai-Tibet Railway, an almost impossible railway, was realized by China people themselves. Trains speed up many times, making people's lives more convenient; The construction of Olympic venues and the successful hosting of the Olympic Games have inspired the whole country ... China is using his wisdom and sweat to accomplish one feat after another!
The following are four aspects of "basic necessities of life" before and after the reform.
Clothes: Because of low income, most farmers have to tighten their belts and wear poor clothes. Those who have two seasons of cotton-padded clothes all year round are considered rich. Dad said, "A new dress was added at home during the Chinese New Year." Mother said, "At that time, there were many children at home. The boss dressed the second child in small clothes, and the second child dressed the third child ... Finally, he tore it into small pieces as a patch. " Now the clothes are at least one or two hundred yuan, and they are colorful, and the workmanship has also improved a lot.
Food: 30 years ago, people needed daily necessities to buy by ticket, which was a "planned economy"! Now, buying with money is no longer a "planned economy". Grandpa said: "when I was a child, there were many people in my family, and I ranked first among the children at home." There was no food at home, and when the Japanese attacked, I went to work as a coolie. Give a few kilograms of millet a month or a week, which is enough for a family. " After listening to this, I felt a quiver in my heart and thought, "A few catties of millet have to be sold for labor, so it's easy to buy now." This is really a different world. "In the past, they seldom ate white rice, or even did not have enough to eat. Now we have to eat every meal. People used to be thin because they never had enough to eat. Their staple food is just some home-grown vegetables and sweet potatoes. It was difficult to find a fat man before, but now it is difficult to find a thin man.
Living: In terms of housing, 30 years ago, a family of six people lived in an old mud house of less than 40 square meters. It is inconvenient for a family to live in one place. At that time, they dreamed of having a bigger house. In summer, sleep on the road at night; On rainy days, put a straw mat on the roof to prevent rainwater from leaking; In winter, the whole family get together to keep warm. Now the houses are all high-rise, so it is convenient for several people to live in a house of 90 square meters. In summer, air conditioning sends coolness; No rain leaks on rainy days; In winter, the heater keeps the room warm.
Ok: Speaking of "ok", it is obvious to all. From bicycles to motorcycles, from motorcycles to cars, from cars to ships, from ships to airplanes ... Chang 'e I and Shenzhou VII attracted worldwide attention. What exciting moment will happen this year?
The Chinese nation stands like a giant in the east of the world. In order to realize our glorious mission, we must study hard and arm ourselves with the most advanced scientific and technological knowledge and splendid human culture. Learn the ability to meet and build the motherland. Dedicate one's intelligence to one's job tomorrow. I firmly believe that with our unremitting efforts, the sky will be bluer, the mountains will be greener, the water will be clearer, the economy will be more prosperous, the people will be happier, the national strength will be stronger, and the Chinese nation will have a better tomorrow and a brighter future!
In recent years, with the development of science and technology and social progress, transportation has become increasingly developed and people's travel modes have become increasingly diversified. However, behind this phenomenon, there is still a major problem that cannot be ignored-traffic safety.
Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) 60 years ago, great changes have taken place in transportation. The streets are not crowded and have become orderly. 60 years ago, "opening the door is a mountain, looking up is a slope, stepping is a hurdle, and it is difficult to go to the sky." Sixty years later, the three-dimensional transportation hub network built by land, sea and air has made us "all roads lead to Rome". According to the data of the Municipal Communications Commission, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the traffic appearance of our city has undergone earth-shaking changes, and the mileage of expressway alone has increased by 5.8 times. Although the citizens' awareness of traffic safety has improved, it still needs to be promoted.
It is understood that in 2006 * * * * there were 37,878 road traffic accidents1,down 15.9% from the previous year. Since 2000, the number of deaths from road traffic accidents has dropped below 90,000 for the first time, with 89,455 deaths, down 9.4% from the previous year.
In our modern society, the urban road is not only a passage for people and things to move, but also a testing ground to reflect the civilization of a country or region. Many countries attach great importance to traffic safety education. Children have received traffic knowledge education since childhood, and everyone travels in strict accordance with traffic regulations.
Although China also attaches great importance to traffic safety and traffic civilization, compared with other countries, it is far from enough. Every day, the roads are full of pedestrians, bicycles and vehicles that don't obey the traffic rules. For example, non-motor vehicles cross the line at a red light, the lane is retrograde, and people are illegally carried. Pedestrians do not walk on the sidewalk, arbitrarily cross the guardrail and jaywalk. Sometimes, when crossing the road, you will often see pedestrians ignoring the signal light at the red light, or when the car is green, use the time difference at the intersection to ignore the pedestrians crossing the road and speed up driving. China's traffic laws and regulations clearly stipulate: "When vehicles pass through crosswalks, they must stop or slow down when traffic signals let pedestrians pass;" When crossing a crosswalk without signal light control, you must pay attention to avoid pedestrians. "In real life, intersections with traffic signals are better, and intersections without traffic signals are simply a chaotic scene, with heavy traffic and intransigence. In our modern society, it is a part of traffic civilization that vehicles drive according to law and pedestrians walk according to law. In addition, traffic police management according to law and civilized law enforcement are another part of traffic civilization. Only when these two parts are displayed on the road at the same time can a complete traffic civilization be formed. 1, colorful clothes
(1) People's Republic of China (PRC) has just been established-the old and the new alternate, with obvious revolutionary characteristics.
When New China was founded, people's clothes still retained the style of the Republic of China. Urban residents generally wear robes with side buttons and buttons, while women wear cheongsam. Rural men generally wear Chinese double-breasted jackets and trousers, while women wear jackets and trousers with a left-sided opening, and some even wear long skirts. At that time, the fabrics that people made clothes were mostly woven "foreign cloth", denim and linen. Besides, suits and Chinese tunic suits are also very fashionable. In his later years, Sun Yat-sen often wore clothes that stood out among robes, jackets and suits. People call this kind of clothes Zhongshan suit, and associate its style with Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary beliefs and principles. For example, the four pockets symbolize the four dimensions of the country, namely, courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame; The three buttons on the sleeve represent the three people's principles of nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood, and the Zhongshan suit has become a symbol of the national revolution. In fact, the Kuomintang has long rebelled against the revolution.
After the founding of New China, dressing was closely linked with the revolution. Suits and cheongsam are regarded as bourgeois sentiments, which have gradually disappeared in people's lives in the past 20 years. Zhongshan suit and Lenin suit have become the common choice of the people. At the founding ceremony, the leaders of the new China made their first collective appearance at the Tiananmen Gate. The image of Mao Zedong and the leaders around him in Chinese tunic suit attracted the attention of the whole world. Men in Chinese tunic suit look solemn and energetic. The Chinese tunic suit is very orthodox, with many buttons and four flat pocket, but the style is too rigid and lacks innovation. Later, it evolved into people's clothing with certain improvement. That is, from then on, a double-breasted uniform from the Soviet Union-"Lenin suit" became popular among working women. It was named after the name Lenin wore before and after the October Revolution. Its style is suit, open collar, double-breasted with three buttons in each row and a cloth belt around the waist. This dress later became the most admired and favored "fashion" by countless women in China. Among them, almost all revolutionary female cadres should wear Lenin clothes to show their revolution.
(2) Before the reform and opening up-simple and monotonous
People in the 1950 s advocated labor as the most glorious, and simplicity was fashion. Young girls once fell in love with men's overalls and plaid shirts. From 65438 to 0956, the three major transformations began to be carried out vigorously. When people's life is improving day by day, the popular color changes from blue to gray. The skirt "Blagi" imported from the Soviet Union has become the most popular skirt. The popularity of Blagi skirts in China is attributed to a Soviet leader. During his visit to China, the leader pointed out that China's clothing does not conform to the image of a big socialist country, and "all women should wear flowered clothes to reflect the prosperity of socialism". As a result, colorful Blagi skirts have become the most beautiful scenery in major cities.
In the era of thrift, most beautiful clothes are made by the family. Skilled girls and mothers do it by themselves according to the clothing cutting patterns in the pictorial, so that the military uniforms can fit and the cotton-padded shirts can look good. At this time, the Chinese tunic suit has become the most solemn and common dress in China. At that time, owning a woolen tunic suit was enviable, and inserting one or even two pens in the upper right pocket of the tunic suit was a sign of knowledge and culture. Later, according to the characteristics of the Zhongshan suit, some people designed more concise and lively "civilian clothes", "green clothes" and "student clothes". There is also a slightly improved Zhongshan suit, that is, the neckline is enlarged and the lapel is changed from small to large, which is very popular with people. Mao Zedong, the leader of the Republic of China at that time, especially liked to wear this style of Chinese tunic suit. Later, some people abroad called this style of Zhongshan suit "Mao-style Zhongshan suit". Since then, the popularity of Zhongshan suit has lasted for nearly 30 years.
The early 1960s was the most difficult period in the history of New China. Due to three years of natural disasters, the cotton output has been greatly reduced from 1959 to 1960, and the cotton quantity is 2 1 foot per person. People buy clothes, cotton cloth and daily textiles with cloth tickets. In order to save as much as possible, the standard of buying clothes is wear resistance and anti-stolen goods. Gray, black and blue have become popular colors in the streets, and uniform clothing styles, regardless of seasons and men and women, are more popular. A cartoonist once vividly described the scene that "everyone is dressed in blue".
During the Cultural Revolution, owning a military uniform was the ideal of countless young people in that era. Teenagers like to wear grass-green military uniforms, grass-green military caps and grass-green schoolbags on their shoulders. This suit was very luxurious and fashionable at that time. Of course, hard work and plain living were still the most mainstream fashion at that time. In order to show their diligence and simplicity, some people even soak the old clothes they bought in water, or put a few patches on the clothes that are not broken. This kind of behavior seems ridiculous today, but it was popular for a while in the decade of the Cultural Revolution. At that time, the jingle was like this: new three years, old three years, sewing again and again ... There is also a song floating in the streets and alleys in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China: thrift is our good tradition, and socialist construction is inseparable ...
However, even in the era of single color, people's love for beauty will still be revealed. A photographer called this kind of pouring "unstoppable spring". This natural pursuit of beauty is a profound mark left by an era in people's hearts.
(3) Since the reform and opening up-colorful and fashionable personality.
Since the reform and opening up, the colors and styles of clothing have become more diversified, and the fabrics and textures have also undergone great changes.
1980 is the third year of China's reform and opening up. With the development of the times, people wear more and more clothes, and the color has changed from a single blue-gray to colorful. The domestic feature film "The True Face of Lushan Mountain" released at that time became a favorite movie of young people. The long-lost love story, coupled with the novel and fashionable modeling of the heroine in the film, is refreshing. How many sets of clothes she changed in the film became a hot topic for young people to discuss at that time. During this period, wearing sunglasses, long hair, bell bottoms and bat shirts became fashionable. Many people are not used to it, but young people have found their own personality and self-awareness.
The first fashion model team in Chinese mainland was established in 198 1. Although enrollment was only in the name of "Fashion Advertising Art Performance Class" at that time, to the surprise of the organizers, the number of applicants was four times as expected. Three years later, the performance team visited Europe, causing a sensation. Western public opinion exclaimed: "Children in Mao Zedong are wearing fashion!" The fashion whirlwind from China has brought a new image of openness to the world.
During the period of 1984, when the girls of China women's volleyball team achieved "three consecutive championships" at the Los Angeles Olympic Games, sportswear became popular in Beijing. Colorful sportswear has become the first choice for beauty lovers. People wear sportswear almost anytime and anywhere, and even become school uniforms for students and factory uniforms for workers.
In the 1990s, people's lives were in transition to a well-off society, and their thoughts were more open. People's clothes are changing rapidly, and their clothes are also personalized and changeable. It is difficult to sum up the fashion trend with one style or color. Emphasizing individuality and not chasing fashion has become a fashion in itself.
From the change of clothing, we can see the progress of the times and the change of people's inner thoughts. The change of clothing is based on the development of economy, and it also reflects that people's ideas change with the changes of the times, from "conformity" psychology to "pursuit of individuality" The change of clothing is a manifestation of the improvement of people's quality of life.
2. More and more rich diet
There is a saying that "food is the most important thing for the people". It can be said that people regard "food" as the minimum standard of life, and at the same time regard "food" as the highest pursuit and enjoyment of life. From the change of "food", we can reflect the rise and fall of a society's rich and poor and appreciate the changes of social history.
(1) Newly founded-living in poverty, eating too little or eating too little.
(2) There was a great improvement before the reform and opening up, but the lack of food was monotonous, tickets were prevalent, people were malnourished, and some rural areas did not solve the basic problem of food and clothing.
Food stamps are the product of planned economy. In the early 1950s, China was short of food. In June1953+1October 65438, the Central Government Council issued an order: the whole country implemented planned grain supply and adopted the method of quantitative grain sales with vouchers, and food stamps appeared. Since August 1960 in Beijing, the catering industry in the city has been eating by ticket, and the supply of edible oil, eggs, meat, bean products and vegetables has also been restricted. There are many kinds of bills in this period. In addition to grain and oil cloth tickets, there are additional subsidized bean tickets, cake tickets, oil tickets for senior mental workers and holiday tickets. In some places, tickets for briquettes, popsicles, tobacco, alcohol and sugar, and tofu were also issued. The era when tickets are popular is also an era of material shortage. Only on holidays can people buy some cakes, sweets and dried fruits with tickets, which are very small.
Question: Why do people use tickets with 1 12 pages?
A: Because of the low level of productivity and the tight supply of materials, people need to use tickets to limit their purchasing power.
During the three-year natural disaster, food and vegetables were in short supply, and people often used carrots to satisfy their hunger when they were not full. Due to the lack of the most basic nutrition, people are a little bloated.
(3) Since the reform and opening up-not only have enough to eat, but also eat well, with balanced nutrition and matching thickness, green food has been deeply rooted in people's hearts.
Since the 1990s, the supply and demand of grain have gone to the market, and the disappearance of food stamps has become a historical necessity. 1In May 1993, Beijing finally stopped using food stamps, and food stamps completely withdrew from the historical stage. Some cloth tickets, oil tickets, meat tickets and tofu tickets symbolizing the shortage economy have also withdrawn from people's daily lives. Now the symbols of these times have become treasures in the hands of collectors.
Today, our material life has been greatly enriched, with food markets, supermarkets, hypermarkets and all kinds of food. People's requirements for food are getting higher and higher. They should not only "eat well" but also eat healthily. The concept of scientific hygiene is deeply rooted in people's hearts. People pay attention to balanced nutrition, matching thickness and light taste. They should eat more fruits and vegetables and less foods high in fat and cholesterol. Wild vegetables and coarse grains used to satisfy hunger because of insufficient food have now become healthy food on the table.
Thinking: Why are wild vegetables and coarse grains once used to satisfy hunger because of insufficient food now delicious on the table?
Answer: Because people were short of food in the past, there were only wild vegetables and coarse grains, and people could not solve the problem of food and clothing. Now that the food supply is sufficient, people should not only eat enough, but also eat well. People pay attention to balanced nutrition, matching thickness and choosing green food.
The improvement of people's living standards reflects the further development of social productive forces and the prosperity of socialist market economy since the reform and opening up.