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Folk customs of stone pillars

The land of stone pillars was the land of Liangzhou in Yugong in ancient times.

The Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period belonged to the territory of "Qianfu, Antarctica" in Pakistan.

during the warring States period, it belonged to the middle of Chu and Guizhou and the middle of Qin and Guizhou.

from the Qin dynasty to the eastern Han dynasty, it was divided into ba county, Qianzhong county, Linjiang county (now Zhongxian county) and Fuling county (now Pengshui county) with Qiyao mountain as the boundary.

during the period from the Three Kingdoms to the Sixteen Kingdoms (Han Dynasty), it belonged to Fuling County, Fuling County.

From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to Ba County (now Chongqing) and Linjiang County (now Zhongxian County) of Linjiang County.

In the second year of Tang Wude (619), Wuning County in Puzhou (now Wanzhou) was located in Nanbin County, which was the beginning of the establishment of Shizhu County.

In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1381), Shi Bian Xuanfu started civil affairs and moved to Chongqing Wei.

in the first year of the apocalypse (1621), he was promoted to Xuanwei Department and transferred to Kuizhou Prefecture (now Fengjie).

in the twenty-second year of Qing Qianlong (1757), the land was changed to flow, the stone hall was set up, and it was still transferred to Kuizhou.

in the 26th year (1761), it was promoted to the Shiliu Zhili Hall, Zhili Sichuan Province.

in the second year of the Republic of China (1913), it was changed to Shishizhu County and Lichuan East Road.

from 24 years to 38 years in October, he successively transferred to the eighth (Youyang) and ninth (Wanxian) administrative inspector's offices in Sichuan Province.

after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shek Pian was transferred to Fuling Special Zone.

On June 6th, 1959, the State Council approved the change of Shibian County to Shizhu County.

On October 3, 1983, the State Council approved the establishment of Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County.

from June, 1988 to June, 2111, it was transferred to Sichuan province, Qianjiang district (development zone) of Chongqing, and in July, 2111, it was transferred to Chongqing.

Shizhu County is one of the Tujia habitats, which is mainly composed of ancient Ba people and other ethnic groups. There are 29 ethnic groups (including Han nationality) in the county, including Tujia, Han, Miao, * * * Er, Mongolian, Dulong, Dong, Hani, Yao, Korean, Manchu, * * *, Buyi, Tibetan, Zhuang and so on.

at the end of 2119, the county registered 1.713 million households with a population of 539,211, including 431,111 permanent residents (urban population of 1.163 million).

Ethnic minorities account for 72.3% of the total population.

Tourism resources include Yunti Street in Xituo Town, a famous historical town in China, Ginkgo Hall, a thousand-year-old Buddhist resort, Huangshui National Forest Park, Qin Liangyu Cemetery, a heroine of Huilongshan in the east of the city in the late Ming Dynasty, Wanshou Village, a site of anti-Qing troops stationed in Qin Liangyu, the site of Dadufu in Qin Liangyu, the tomb group of rock coffins with eternal mystery, and the inscription of Nanbin County in Taibai Rock.

Tree-lined Yudaihe Park, Riverside Promenade, Qishan Park and other scenic spots.

Shizhu has a long history, splendid culture and outstanding people.

at the end of the Ming dynasty, Qin Liangyu, the chieftain of Shixian, personally led the "white-armed soldiers" to help Liao twice, and repeatedly made meritorious deeds. He was made loyal to the Prince Taibao, and was given the title of "Prince Taibao General Town".

Wang Shunjiao, the winner of the first-class merit in the Vietnam War (ratified by the division party committee), Chen Taijiang, a model of loving the people (awarded by * * *), and Li Changhe, a good cadre who practiced * * * *), all grew up here.

The movie "The Sun Comes Out with Joy" based on Shizhu Tujia Shanzhai has premiered in Chongqing and Shizhu, and Shizhu's "Luoerdiao" has been approved as an intangible cultural heritage by the State Council.

Tujia nationality plays a very important role among more than 51 ethnic groups in China.

According to the national ethnic survey in 1982, Tujia people have a population of more than 5.8 million, who are scattered in Wuling Mountain area adjacent to four provinces and cities of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou and along the Yangtze River above Yidu, Hubei. Among them, there are nearly 1.8 million in Baojing, Yongshun, Sangzhi, Yongding, Guzhang and Fenghuang counties in western Hunan, and more than 1.7 million in Changyang, Wufeng and Enshi Lichuan counties and cities in western Hubei, and in eastern Chongqing.

The Tujia population in Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County accounts for more than 72% of the total population of 521,111.

According to investigation and demonstration, Xituo Town, Shizhu is one of the important towns where indigenous peoples live in far Cuba.

Tujia people evolved from Ba people and are the main descendants of Ba people.

Ba people are an ancient ethnic group in southwest China. They were formed and named during the Xia and Shang Dynasties, and lived from the late Shang Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Before this, a core ethnic group of Ba people may come from the eastern tribes.

According to legend, in ancient times, there were two red and black caves on the mountain of Wuluo Zhongli (now on the Yishui River in Changyang County, Hubei Province), where people with five surnames, namely, Ba Shi, Fan Shi, You Shi, Xiang Shi and Zheng Shi, lived. Babbitt's son was born in Chidong, and his son, whose surname is not four, was born in a black hole. The five surnames make a living by fishing and hunting, and there is no leader. The son of the five surnames * * * threw a sword in a cave, and the winner was the first, and the son of Pappy was the only one, and all the sons were amazed.

And let each boat go, with the floater as the head, but the son of Pap floats alone, and the other four sons sink.

So * * * made Ba Wuxiang, the son of Pap, the leader and called him "Lin Jun".

the five-clan alliance formed the earliest tribe of Ba people.

Lin Jun went up to Yanyang (now Enshi) by an earthen boat, and the goddess of salt water told Lin Jun that the fish and salt here should be enjoyed with Lin Jun for a long time, that is, he should stay with Lin Jun at night, and if Lin Jun doesn't follow, the goddess will become a swarm of insects.

So Linjun Shuaiba made Enshi its capital, forming the earliest capital of the far Cuban tribe.

In the early days, Ba people lived in western Hubei with Enshi as the center, and in the long years after that, Ba people multiplied in Qingjiang River basin.

With the increasing influence, during the prosperous period, the sphere of influence developed to Langzhong in Sichuan in the west, Hanzhong in Shaanxi in the north, Zhijiang in Yidu in the east, and the whole Wuling mountain area in northeast Guizhou and Xiangxi in the south, and Fiona Fang was thousands of miles away. With the continuous expansion of the field of living loss, Ba people went up from Qingjiang to Lichuan to enter the stone pillars, and along the Qingjiang River to Yidu to enter the Yangtze River, and then along the river.

At the same time, the Ba people were also oppressed by the rising Chu people, and were forced to move westward, gradually moving the capital, the central area, to "Zhi (now Fuling City), and then to Chongqing. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, in 1122 BC, the Ba people who were good at dancing took part in Zhou Wuwang's war against the King of the Shang Dynasty, singing and dancing with Lingyin people, and the former disciples defected, which not only produced" courage, sharpness and tenacity.

So the Ba nationality was established as the "Ba State" in Hanzhong, belonging to the southern waiting states of the Zhou Dynasty.

From then on, "Pakistan" became famous in history.

Pakistan and Chu are the most important neighbors, and the Ba-Chu struggle runs through almost the entire history of the Ba nation.

With the growing power of Chu, Pakistan has been oppressed more and more, and Pakistan has become a vassal state of Chu, which is also an important reason why the sphere of influence of Pakistan has gradually moved from Hanshui Qingjiang to southwest Chongqing.

after entering Sichuan, Pakistan and Shu developed friendly relations because the rulers belonged to the same family.

Unexpectedly, at the same time, the State of Qin in the north of Sichuan carried out the "Shang Yang Reform", and the country quickly became strong. Just in 316 BC, the State of Qin invaded Shu, and Shu perished. With it, the State of Qin marched eastward, captured Ba Wang and destroyed Ba.

at this point, the history of Pakistan is over.

after the Qin dynasty destroyed Bashu, Pakistan died out as a political power, but the Israeli people still existed, and their power was still quite strong, so it was difficult for the Qin state to completely control it for a while. In order to stabilize the political power, the Ba nobles were given great preferential treatment in taxation and criminal law, and a county was set up in the old place of Pakistan, and local palace posts were appointed to the submissive Ba leaders.

In the later historical evolution, the Ba people broke away from the oppression of the north and Qin Chu, and gradually pushed to the Wuling Mountain area at the junction of western Hunan, western Hubei, southeastern Chongqing and northeastern Guizhou, and returned to the place where the Ba people originated.

The mountains and valleys in Wuling Mountain area are deep in forests and luxuriant in ravines, which are rugged and dangerous and suitable for people's living customs.

Ba people have been ploughing water, hunting and cutting mountains in this vast area, and they have lived and multiplied. In the long evolution, the word "Ba people" has gradually faded, and they have been called "barbarians", such as Banyami, Wuximan, Wuling Man and Ba County Nanman.

after the Tang dynasty, from the Liang, Tang, Han and Friday dynasties, the original sense of "Ba people" disappeared, and it was replaced by the word "Tu", such as Tusi, Tu people, Tu people, Tujia people, etc., or Tu and Man were mixed or used alternately. "Man" was an insult, and Tu was more polite. Later, "Tu" was used interchangeably.

Since the Yuan Dynasty in 1216 AD, due to the immigration of a large number of * * * and other ethnic groups such as Miao, Dong and Gelao, "Tu" has gradually been transformed into a special name for Tujia, which is used for the symmetry and identification of "Tu" and "Han" and "Tu" with other ethnic groups

To sum up, Ba people and Tujia people are based on space and nationality. Wuximan lived in the five streams of You, Chen, Wu, Wu and Yuan in Wuling Mountain area, and its existence lasted for thousands of years to the Song Dynasty, with stable national characteristics. After that, this Wuximan, with Ba descendants as the main body, merged ethnic minorities and part of Han nationality, and gradually formed Tujia nationality after a long period of time.