First, establish the modern consciousness of market players and cultivate their initiative. Enterprise is one of the three main bodies of market activities, and it is the most important one from the perspective of production and operation. The development and perfection of the market system largely depends on the initiative of enterprises in market activities. In order to make enterprises become real market subjects, take the initiative in market activities and give full play to their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, the primary task is to make enterprises become real commodity producers and operators. This requires us to do a good job in two aspects: first, through the change of ideas, help enterprises strengthen the awareness of market economy, understand the characteristics of market economy, and master its operating rules; Second, through the system transformation, completely cut off the "umbilical cord" relationship between enterprises and state administrative organs, cut off the "father love complex" of enterprises to the country, reduce government intervention in enterprises, and make enterprises truly become independent, self-financing, self-development and self-restraint economic entities. Only in this way can enterprises face the market and have enough initiative.
Second, take active measures to cultivate a complete market structure. The integrity of market structure refers to the existence of various commodity markets, factor markets and necessary specialized markets. At the same time, these markets are interrelated, mutually restricted and organically combined to form a whole, which is the material basis and premise of forming a market system. Therefore, in order to cultivate the market system, the state should take corresponding measures to bring all kinds of production factors required by enterprises' production and operation activities into the market circulation, and establish various markets such as consumption materials market, production materials market, capital market, labor market, real estate market, technology market and information market, and establish a market system with complete structure on this basis.
Third, give full play to the government's macro-control function and cultivate a reasonable price system. Price is the most direct reflection signal and the most effective means of economic adjustment in market activities. As a market variable, price should be a signal of the change of market supply and demand, and it should be able to flexibly, timely and accurately reflect the consumption of social labor and the change of market supply and demand. Therefore, the government should make use of the macro-control function and take the international market price as the reference system to formulate a reasonable price system. Straighten out the price relationship, make the price truly become a market signal, directly reflect the situation of market activities, and play an inherent role in regulating and restricting market activities, thus restraining the production and business activities of enterprises and standardizing their trading activities. This is an important link in cultivating the market system.
Fourth, establish and improve market laws and regulations and cultivate normal market order. The so-called normal market order refers to the code of conduct that ensures the normal operation of the market system and its mechanism according to its inherent laws. The normal market order not only creates conditions for equal competition and equal exchange for the whole economic activity subject, but also provides a set of laws and regulations to protect the legitimate rights and interests of economic subjects and restrict their behavior, and provides various rules, systems and policies to ensure the operation of the market. Therefore, the government should use economic, legal and administrative means to establish and improve market laws and regulations, and actively cultivate normal market order through publicity and education, public opinion guidance and government supervision.
Fifth, make overall arrangements and macro-coordination, and cultivate the material foundation needed by the market system. Transportation, information technology and infrastructure are the basic conditions for the development of the market system. Therefore, the state should proceed from the overall situation of cultivating a complete market system, make overall arrangements and macro-coordinate the construction of these basic material conditions, which is an important content of cultivating a market system. In addition, the development of the market system is also restricted by the development level of the whole social economy, science and culture, as well as people's concepts and qualities. These conditions require the state to make overall planning and strengthen cultivation.
First, speed up the construction and improvement of the national unified open market.
The primary task of building a modern market system is to accelerate the formation of a unified and open national market and promote the free flow of goods and factors across regions. This is an inherent requirement to further improve the socialist market economic system, enhance the function of market resource allocation and improve the efficiency of economic operation. We must abolish all kinds of market segmentation regulations that hinder fair competition, set up administrative barriers and exclude foreign products and services, break administrative monopoly, industrial monopoly, economic monopoly and regional blockade, and enhance market unity. Accelerate the formulation of anti-monopoly law, bring administrative monopoly, industry monopoly and economic monopoly into the scope of anti-monopoly law, and increase anti-monopoly efforts; Accelerate the formulation or revision of laws, regulations and government regulations to protect and promote fair competition, and ensure that all kinds of economic entities get fair market access opportunities; Standardize government behavior according to law, clarify the authority and behavior of the government in market access and market operation, and improve the openness and transparency of market access procedures; In view of the problem of domestic market segmentation, strengthen the coordination mechanism to break the regional blockade and eliminate market segmentation behaviors such as administrative barriers and local protection; Promote the process of modern circulation, actively develop modern circulation methods such as e-commerce, chain operation, logistics and distribution, and promote the free flow and full competition of goods and various elements throughout the country.
Second, further improve and upgrade the commodity market.
Vigorously developing the commodity market is an effective way to meet the requirements of China's new industrialization and global industrial division of labor and promote the continuous improvement of economic operation speed and efficiency. It is conducive to guiding and expanding consumption, meeting the growing material and cultural needs of the people and improving people's living standards; It is conducive to giving play to the leading role of circulation, reducing transaction costs, speeding up circulation and promoting the transformation of economic growth mode; It is conducive to increasing employment, improving the living environment of residents and promoting urban prosperity.
The goal of perfecting the commodity market system should be to expand the market scale, improve the market function and establish a modern commodity circulation network system on the basis of optimizing the structure in accordance with the requirements of establishing a unified, open and orderly modern market system. A commodity market system with reasonable layout, optimized structure, complete functions, perfect system and high modernization level has been initially formed. By 20 10, the total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole society is expected to exceed 10 trillion yuan; The sales of means of production will exceed 20 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 1 1%. In 2006, the total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole society is expected to reach 7.6 trillion yuan, an increase of about13%; The total sales volume of means of production is expected to reach 15.7 trillion yuan, up about 12% year-on-year. The focus of the construction of commodity market system should be:
1 to further improve the consumer goods market.
Focusing on strengthening and improving urban commercial functions, we will scientifically plan and lay out central business district, regional business center, community business and professional street to form a multi-level urban commercial pattern with clear functions and reasonable division of labor. Adjust and optimize the retail format structure. Vigorously transform and adjust the traditional retail format, promote the transformation and integration of large department stores, guide small and medium-sized department stores to adjust their formats, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the small commodity market and the retail trading market of daily industrial products. Orderly develop new business forms such as warehouse shopping malls, specialty stores and specialty stores, moderately develop large-scale comprehensive supermarkets, and control the development of large shopping centers. Vigorously develop the community business service system. Focus on the development of community commerce that is convenient for residents' daily life, continuously enhance the service function of community commerce, attach importance to the supporting facilities of community commerce, and build a multi-functional community commerce system that integrates shopping, catering, life service and leisure. Continue to implement the "Thousands of Villages and Thousands of Townships" project. Solve the problem of poor circulation channels of rural consumer goods, and accelerate the extension of urban circulation network and modern circulation methods to rural areas. The Ministry of Commerce proposed to build and renovate 65,438+10,000 standard farm stores in 2006, and strive to cover more than 85% of townships and more than 65% of administrative villages by the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan. This goal is feasible, and we should take this work as an important aspect of building a new socialist countryside and take measures to implement it. Implement the "brand revitalization" plan. Realize the transformation from the current focus on cultivating product brands to brand competition strategies such as product brands, corporate brands, regional brands and international brands.
2. Accelerate the construction of agricultural product market system.
Around the construction of new socialist countryside, we will build a smooth, efficient, convenient and safe agricultural product circulation system. We will promptly improve the standard system and monitoring system in the field of agricultural products circulation, and implement quality and safety control in the whole process of procurement, storage, processing, transportation and sales. Encourage and guide agricultural products to directly enter the retail market. Improve the proportion of agricultural products in new retail formats such as supermarket chains and convenience stores. At present, the proportion of agricultural products sales in the new retail formats in developed countries is over 60%, and China will increase to 1/3 in at least five years. Vigorously transform and upgrade the wholesale market of agricultural products. Promote the standardization transformation of key agricultural products wholesale markets and optimize the regional layout and functional coordination of agricultural products wholesale markets. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, we should focus on cultivating large-scale standardized wholesale markets with influence and radiation, and build a number of standardized and modern regional and local standardized wholesale markets. Steadily develop the agricultural futures market. Gradually introduce bulk agricultural products futures that provide price discovery and hedging functions for producers and consumers, and study and summarize the futures trading experience of agricultural products such as wheat, cotton, soybeans and sugar, so as to create conditions for actively and steadily using the futures market to avoid risks, adjust supply and demand functions, and improve the voice of China agricultural products in the formation of international market prices.
3. Promote market innovation of means of production.
According to the requirements of modern production mode, develop diversified production management modes. Using information technology and modern logistics technology to transform the circulation mode of production materials. Integrate the traditional circulation mode of means of production, accelerate the innovation of organizational form and marketing mode, and give play to the advantages of scale, network, facilities and talents. For large-scale production materials with concentrated and standardized production links such as steel, coal and petroleum, enterprises are encouraged to adopt direct supply distribution to reduce circulation links. Innovative marketing methods. Encourage the establishment of information systems in the production materials market and explore new trading modes such as online trading. Carry out the bidding procurement system and promote large enterprises to establish centralized and unified procurement centers for raw materials and equipment needed for large-scale engineering projects. Encourage the development of small-scale wholesale and membership-based sales and "limited purchase and self-transportation" supermarket chains, and support the accelerated development of "industrial supermarkets". On the basis of further promoting buyout agency, actively develop commission agency. Promote the upgrading of the production materials market. Relying on large and medium-sized cities, transportation hubs and industrial clusters, we will adjust and optimize the market structure of means of production, actively explore online trading, bill trading, membership trading and other trading forms of bulk means of production, and standardize the long-term trading and bill trading behavior of bulk means of production.
Third, cultivate and develop the factor market and improve the price formation mechanism.
The weak link in the construction of China's market system is that the construction of factor market lags behind the construction of commodity market, especially the mechanism for determining prices by supply and demand of various factor markets has not yet been formed. Accelerating the cultivation and development of factor market and reforming the price formation mechanism of factor market are the keys to improve the modern market system.
1. Cultivate and develop factor markets
Continue to develop the land market. Improve and perfect the way the government manages the land market, establish a market-oriented land transaction pricing mechanism, and transfer all the operating land use rights through bidding, auction and listing. The market will determine the price of land users and land transfer, and further play the basic role of the market in the allocation of land resources. Improve the land tax system and land secondary market management, establish a resource occupation restraint mechanism, and comprehensively use economic, legal and administrative means to effectively protect farmers' land property rights. Actively develop the labor market. The key point is to establish and improve the market-oriented employment mechanism, reasonably guide the labor flow, and establish a labor force that adapts to China's economic and social development and matches the market demand. Eliminate all kinds of unreasonable systems that hinder the rational flow of labor force, create an employment environment of equal competition, establish and improve the social security system, and establish a socialized service system for diversified employment and vocational skills training. Further improve the technology market. Promote the efficient transformation of technological achievements into real productive forces, liberalize the main body and elements of the technology market, broaden the scope and expand the functions of the technology market. Encourage scientific research institutes, institutions of higher learning, large and medium-sized enterprises, rural technical and economic cooperation organizations and other market entities to enter the technology market for technology transactions. Vigorously develop the capital market. Establish a multi-level capital market system, improve the capital market structure and enrich the capital market products. Strengthen the construction of basic market system, and fundamentally solve the contradiction between capital market and market demand and national economy. Actively and steadily promote the share-trading reform, promote venture capital and growth enterprise market construction, standardize the development of the main board market, actively expand the bond market and expand direct financing.
2. Improve the price formation mechanism of factor market.
Accelerate the pace of resource price reform, further reduce government intervention in resource allocation and price formation, and effectively establish a price formation mechanism that reflects market supply and demand, resource scarcity and pollution loss costs. At present, the focus is on five aspects: first, comprehensively promote water price reform. Expand the scope of water resources fee collection and raise the collection standard; Carry out the farmer's terminal water price system and gradually raise the price of agricultural water; Comprehensively levy sewage treatment fee, and adjust the sewage treatment fee standard to the level of guaranteed profit as soon as possible; Reasonably raise the price of water conservancy projects and urban water supply. The second is to actively promote electricity price reform. Gradually establish a price formation mechanism in which power generation and sales prices are formed by market competition and transmission and distribution prices are set by the government. The on-grid electricity price will gradually shift from government-led to market competition. The third is to improve the oil and gas pricing mechanism. According to the principle of integrating with the international market price, we should establish an oil price formation mechanism that not only reflects the changes of oil prices in the international market, but also considers the supply and demand of the domestic market, production costs and the affordability of all sectors of society. The fourth is to fully realize the marketization of coal prices. Reduce the government's intervention in the formation of coal prices; Study the accounting methods that comprehensively reflect the cost of coal resources, production costs and environmental costs; Improve the linkage mechanism of coal and electricity prices and realize the benign interaction of coal and electricity prices through market-oriented methods. The fifth is to improve the land price formation mechanism. Make the land price truly reflect the supply-demand relationship and land value of the land market, and reflect the scarcity of land resources. Strictly control the scope of administrative allocation of land, expand the scope of bidding, auction and hanging of business land, and reduce the number of land transferred by agreement. To promote the resource price reform, we should properly handle the relationship between different interest groups, especially the affordability of low-income groups.
Fourth, accelerate the development of service industry, especially modern service industry.
This is an important part of the modern market system and a market with great development potential. It is necessary to promote the combination of modern service industry and traditional service industry, productive service industry and life service industry, urban service industry and rural service industry, create a good institutional environment, policy environment and market environment, and promote the accelerated development of service industry. It is mainly to expand productive services and consumer services, refine and deepen specialized division of labor, reduce social transaction costs, and improve resource allocation efficiency and social service level. Give priority to the development of transportation. Reasonable layout of transportation infrastructure, so that various modes of transportation can be effectively connected, effectively combined and effectively configured, and the enjoyment and utilization rate of * * * can be improved. Vigorously develop modern logistics industry. According to the concept and technology of modern logistics, we should transform the traditional logistics mode, establish a new supply chain system, actively develop third-party logistics services and cultivate specialized logistics enterprises. Develop the financial services industry in an orderly manner. Improve the financial system, improve service functions, innovate service varieties and improve service quality. Develop comprehensive financial services and network financial services, including financing services, wealth management services, leasing services and venture capital. Broaden the scope of insurance services and actively develop services such as endowment insurance, medical insurance, agricultural insurance and liability insurance. Actively develop the information service industry. Improve basic post and telecommunications services, vigorously develop value-added services, promote universal services, and develop Internet industry services. Actively develop e-commerce, accelerate the promotion of e-government, integrate network resources, and improve the utilization efficiency and benefit of information resources. Standardize the development of business service industry. In particular, the development of intermediary services, that is, to provide services around the basic role of market mechanisms. Such as consulting services, investment and asset management services, science and technology services, legal services, information technology services, accounting and auditing services, tax asset appraisal services, intellectual property services and other industries. Continue to develop and enrich the consumer service industry. Such as commerce, catering, aged care services, property management and other industries. Pay attention to the development of community service industry with strong ability to absorb employment. Accelerate the development of public services such as medical treatment, education, health, water supply, gas supply, heating, public transportation, sewage treatment, garbage disposal, power supply, communication and postal services.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) continues to standardize and rectify the market order.
To establish a modern market system, we must continue to rectify and standardize the market order. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of market legal system, accelerate the construction of legal system, system and social credit system, especially accelerate the establishment of modern social credit system, establish a disciplinary mechanism for dishonesty, increase the cost of dishonesty and illegal crimes, and establish a long-term mechanism to maintain market order. Focus on the national special work to control commercial bribery, and focus on solving problems that are highly public welfare, closely related to the vital interests of the people, and undermine the order of the market economy; Focus on controlling commercial bribery in engineering construction, land transfer, property rights transaction, medicine purchase and sale, government procurement, resource development, commodity circulation and other fields, and further standardize market order, enterprise behavior and administrative power. Concentrate on the special rectification of food and drugs that directly affect people's health and life safety, severely punish counterfeiting, commercial fraud, smuggling, tax evasion and fraud, financial and securities crimes, and severely crack down on pyramid schemes and disguised pyramid schemes. Strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights. "Severe punishment should be used in dealing with chaos", and it is necessary to intensify the crackdown on all kinds of illegal and criminal activities and purify the market environment and social environment.