( 1)
Statement 1:
Fuwa Nini Golden Kite or Swallow Swallow and Shayan Kite
Fuwa Jingjing * Wood * Panda Panda, porcelain lotus shape in Song Dynasty.
Fuwa Beibei * Water * Chinese sturgeon New Year picture-Lotus Year, China traditional fish pattern, water wave pattern.
Fuwa Huanhuan Huowa Nezha China traditional fire pattern, the flame pattern in Dunhuang murals.
Fuwa welcomes Tibetan antelopes, decorative patterns and small Tibetan antelopes in the Qinghai-Tibet region of China.
Fuwabel
Representative: fish
Moral: Inherit wealth.
Fuwa Jingjing
Representative: Giant Panda
Moral: Give joy.
Fuwa huanhuan
Representative: Olympic flame
Moral: Bring passion.
Fuwa yingying
Representative: Tibetan antelope
Moral: Show the Green Olympics.
Fuwa nini
Representative: Swallow
Moral: Send joy.
Statement 2:
There are five mascots, namely Fuwa Huanhuan, Fuwa Beibei, Fuwa Yingying, Fuwa Jingjing and Fuwa Nini. These lovely Fuwa add up to the meaning of "Welcome to Beijing". Their prototype comes from fish, panda, Olympic flame, Tibetan antelope and Jin Yan.
Its color and inspiration come from the five Olympic rings, the vast mountains, rivers and lakes in China and people's favorite animal images. Fuwa conveys the spirit of friendship, peace and initiative to children all over the world, as well as the beautiful wish of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Fuwa are five lovely close friends whose shapes combine the images of fish, giant panda, Tibetan antelope, swallow and Olympic flame.
Fuwa represents the dreams and aspirations of the people of China. Their prototypes and headdresses contain their connection with the ocean, forest, fire, earth and sky. Their image design applies the expression of China traditional art and shows the splendid culture of China. For a long time, China has a tradition of conveying blessings through symbols. Each doll of the mascot of the Beijing Olympic Games represents a good wish: prosperity, happiness, passion, health and good luck. With the hospitality of Beijing, the dolls brought their blessings to all corners of the world and invited people from all over the world to gather in Beijing to celebrate the 2008 Olympic Games.
Beibei's blessing is prosperity. In China traditional culture and art, the patterns of "fish" and "water" are symbols of prosperity and harvest. People use "carp yue longmen" to mean successful career and dream realization, and "fish" also means good luck every year. Beibei's head decoration adopts the fish pattern of Neolithic age in China. Beibei is gentle and innocent, and she is a master of water sports, which complements the blue ring in the Olympic rings.
Jingjing is a naive giant panda, and wherever she goes, she will bring joy to people. As the national treasure of China, the giant panda is deeply loved by people all over the world. Jingjing comes from the vast forest, symbolizing the harmony between man and nature. His head decoration originated from the lotus petal shape on Song porcelain. Jingjing is simple, honest, optimistic and full of strength, representing the black part of the Olympic rings.
Huanhuan is Fuwa's eldest brother. He is a fire doll, symbolizing the Olympic flame. Huanhuan is the embodiment of sports passion, which spreads passion to all parts of the world and conveys the Olympic spirit faster, higher and stronger. Everywhere Huanhuan went, Beijing 2008 was full of enthusiasm for the world. Huanhuan headdress originated from the flame patterns in Dunhuang murals. He is extroverted and unrestrained, familiar with all kinds of ball games, representing the red ring of the Olympic rings.
Yingying is a clever, agile and flying Tibetan antelope. He comes from the vast western land of China and sends his best wishes to the world. Yingying is a unique protected animal in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and a demonstration of the Green Olympics. Yingying's head decoration combines the decorative styles of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Xinjiang and other western regions. He is agile and an excellent track and field athlete, representing the yellow ring in the Olympic rings.
Nini is from the sky. She is a swallow spreading her wings and flying. Her modeling creativity comes from the traditional Shayan kite in Beijing. Yan also stands for Yanjing (the title of ancient Beijing). Nini brings spring and joy to people. Wherever she flies, she spreads good wishes of "good luck". Naive, cheerful and agile Nini will make her debut in gymnastics competition. She represents the green ring in the Olympic rings.
(2)
economic impact
The modern Olympic Games has multiple values, which has an obvious pulling effect on the economic growth of the host country, especially the host city.
1984 The Los Angeles Olympic Games brought 3.29 billion dollars to Southern California. 1992 The Barcelona Olympic Games brought Catalonia 26.048 billion dollars in economic benefits. 1996 The total benefits brought by the Atlanta Olympic Games to Georgia are $5 1 billion. The 2000 Sydney Olympic Games brought 6.3 billion dollars in revenue to New South Wales, Australia. According to the analysis of Goldman Sachs Securities, a famous investment institution, China's economic growth rate will increase by an additional 0.3% every year from 2002 to 2008 after Beijing's successful Olympic bid. China's economic development will be greatly accelerated.
First of all, the impact of the 2008 Olympic Games on China's economy.
In the first 10 year of the new century, China's economy will still be in the period of accelerated industrialization. As the most effective marketing media in the industrialized era, the Olympic Games is of great significance for accelerating the industrialization process of the host country and promoting the economic transformation of the country from industrialized to post-industrialized era. The Tokyo Olympic Games in 1964 and the Seoul Olympic Games in 1988 have representatively explained the special value of the Olympic Games to the national economy in the period of accelerating industrialization. The impact of Beijing hosting the 2008 Olympic Games on China's economy is mainly manifested in tangible and intangible aspects. The tangible impact refers to the role of the Olympic Games in stimulating consumer demand, investment demand, export demand and expanding employment in the host country, which is mainly reflected in the economic aggregate and structural changes in the host region. Intangible influence refers to the influence of the Olympic Games on the economic development environment, openness, national reputation, image and credibility of the host country. From the long-term development of the host country's economy, intangible influence is often more important and valuable than tangible influence. This influence is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1. Provide a stable social environment for economic development.
Before the new century, China's economy will be in a stage of development with structural adjustment as the mainstay. At this stage, we should not only continue to expand the economic aggregate, but also solve a series of major reform and development problems such as economic restructuring and industrial upgrading, such as the establishment and improvement of the social security system, the contradiction between labor growth and employment difficulties, and the requirements of China's accession to the WTO and economic globalization for further opening up the market. To solve these deep-seated problems and contradictions, we need to strengthen social centripetal force and cohesion, and hosting the Olympic Games is the best and most typical way. Generally speaking, it takes at least 10 years for a country to attract the general attention of the whole people from the start of its bid to the end of the Olympic Games. Take Beijing as an example. From 1999, when the Beijing Olympic bid committee was formally established, to the successful conclusion of the 2008 Olympic Games, there will be a peaceful situation of "everyone looks forward to the Olympic Games" in the early stage and "everyone is the master and the whole people support the hosting of the Olympic Games" in the later stage, which is an important period for the strategic adjustment of China's economic structure. Hosting the Olympic Games in this period will undoubtedly be a structural problem.
2. It is conducive to further opening to the outside world, so that China's economy can better adapt to the process of economic globalization.
Reform and opening up is the most basic successful experience of China's rapid economic growth. Over the past 20 years of reform and opening-up, we have initially established a socialist market economic system, but this system is still immature, and it needs to be further opened to the outside world and constantly improved by actively participating in global economic competition. In addition to the self-promotion of market participants in the process of growth, it is particularly important for the government to use major events to consciously promote this process. Hosting the Olympic Games is an important medium for a country to expand its market opening and accelerate its integration into the process of economic globalization. First of all, the Olympic Games is the most international event in the world today. The host country's government, organizations and enterprises have to conduct business contacts and business negotiations with many international organizations and multinational companies, so the whole process from bidding to actual operation must be operated in accordance with international practices. Such an operation requires the government, organizations and enterprises of the country to adjust their management and operation methods that are incompatible with the market economy, and such an adjustment process is undoubtedly the process of expanding opening up and integrating into the process of economic globalization. Secondly, the investment in the modern Olympic Games is huge. Generally speaking, direct investment in hosting the Summer Olympic Games and indirect investment in infrastructure construction will add up to tens of billions of dollars, and countries with low economic development level will invest more in hosting the Olympic Games. The total investment of Beijing in hosting the 2008 Olympic Games will reach 654.38+032.3 billion yuan. Such a large investment scale is very attractive to domestic and foreign enterprises, especially the Olympic projects require first-class design level, first-class technology and construction level and high scientific and technological content. Therefore, in the project bidding management, we must not engage in local protectionism. Only by expanding market opening and operating in accordance with international practices can we attract foreign investment to the maximum extent and ensure project quality and investment benefit. Finally, hosting the Olympic Games will make the host country gain an open, democratic and dynamic image as a whole, which is of practical significance for attracting foreign investment and domestic enterprises to expand overseas markets. Therefore, hosting the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing is conducive to further opening up.
3. It is conducive to building a "China brand" internationally, and can better promote the transformation of domestic enterprises from product management to brand management.
In order to compete in the international market, modern enterprises should not only have strong strength and first-class products, but also need the international reputation and influence of their countries. In other words, the brand competition of enterprises in the international market actually needs the support of the big brand of the country. Hosting the Olympic Games is an important means for a country to build a "national brand" and enhance its international influence. After the end of the Cold War, China has become the object that the western camp tried to contain and suppress. In the mainstream western media, led by the United States and Britain, there are not many positive reports on China. China's bid to host the Olympic Games will force the western media to continue to pay attention to China for about 10 and give more positive and objective reports. This kind of long-term and high-frequency reporting plays an important role in expanding China's international influence and establishing a "national brand". The country is prosperous and the enterprises are prosperous. The country's big brands have started, and the small brands of enterprises can easily enter the international market and have more international influence. In addition, hosting the Olympic Games can also enable domestic enterprises to publicize and promote their corporate image and brand with the help of the Olympic marketing plan. Take the Sydney Olympic Games as an example, 106 enterprises have become various sponsors, including 24 top sponsors. Australian company 13, supporter 18. There are 40 general product suppliers and 24 sports product suppliers, most of which are domestic companies. With the great communication power of the Olympic Games, these enterprises have made their own enterprises and product brands have international influence. When Beijing hosts the 2008 Olympic Games, many domestic enterprises can use the Olympic Games to promote the leap from product management to brand management.
Second, the impact of the 2008 Olympic Games on the capital economy.
The economic value of hosting the Olympic Games is reflected in the economic aggregate and structural changes of the host cities and regions. The impact of the 2008 Olympic Games on the capital economy is mainly manifested in the following four aspects:
1. Hosting the Olympic Games will provide "nuclear power" for the rapid economic growth of the capital at the beginning of 2/kloc-0 century.
In recent years, the capital economy, with high-tech industries and modern service industries as its pillars, has initially taken shape and shows great growth potential. However, due to the special industrial structure of the capital economy, its sustained and rapid growth has very high requirements for the environment, infrastructure and the city's international image, reputation and influence. In other words, the more the capital economy develops, the more it will encounter the hard constraints of basic conditions and soft environment. To eliminate this restriction, on the one hand, we should strengthen environmental governance and substantially increase investment in infrastructure construction; On the other hand, it is necessary to hold a series of major events to enhance Beijing's international influence and reputation. With the acceleration of economic globalization, the competition between countries and regions is becoming more and more fierce. Hosting the Olympic Games can almost be said to be the only and best way to kill two birds with one stone. It can not only introduce the huge funds needed for infrastructure construction, but also greatly enhance Beijing's international influence. Therefore, Beijing won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games, and also won the "nuclear power" to promote the sustained and rapid growth of the capital economy in the new century.
Why can hosting the Olympic Games provide "nuclear power" for the economic growth of the capital? This is because the Olympic Games can effectively drive the investment demand and consumption demand of the host cities and regions. At present, among the three factors that drive China's GDP growth: capital, technology and labor, capital contributes the most. In other words, to analyze the possibility of Beijing's future economic growth, the key is to look at the future investment scale in the region, especially the total amount of funds flowing in from outside Beijing. It is estimated that the total investment in hosting the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing will reach about US$ 654.38+06 billion, or about RMB 654.38+03.2 billion, of which the budgetary expenditure of the Organizing Committee is about US$ 65.438+06-654.38+08 billion, and the budgetary expenditure of non-Organizing Committee (capital expenditure related to hosting) is about 654.38+042-654.38. From the source of funds, the market development income of the International Olympic Committee is about10-1300 million US dollars (Sydney Organizing Committee is11000 million US dollars), and the market development income of the Organizing Committee is about 600-800 million US dollars (Sydney is 700 million US dollars), and the capital investment exceeds1400 million US dollars. If 50% of the capital investment is counted as Beijing's financial investment, hosting the 2008 Olympic Games will bring about 9 billion US dollars of new investment (capital inflow from outside Beijing), about 74.5 billion yuan. This huge new investment, combined with the multiplier effect produced by this investment, will become a booster for the rapid economic growth of the capital.
From the perspective of stimulating consumer demand, the pulling effect of the Olympic Games is also very significant. First of all, the new investment of 74.5 billion yuan will be mainly used to buy products and services in Beijing. This large-scale group purchase will stimulate the consumption of intermediate products and final products in many industries in Beijing, especially in construction, transportation, post and telecommunications, communications, tourism, catering and other industries. Secondly, the Olympic Games is a "humanistic tourism brand" full of vitality and appeal, and the host countries and regions can use this "brand" to make the countries and regions become hot spots of international and domestic tourism in about 10 years, especially cities with unique cultural charm like Beijing. Hosting can organically integrate the two charms, thus forming a huge pulling effect on tourism consumption. According to Australian scholars' calculations, the Sydney Olympic Games has played an important role in expanding the country's international tourism. In just 200 1 year, the number of foreign tourists visiting Sydney will reach 340,000. When tens of millions of domestic and foreign tourists come to Beijing for sightseeing due to the Olympic Games, they will release huge energy in stimulating Beijing's consumption demand, thus promoting the sustained and rapid economic growth of the capital. Finally, the process of bidding and undertaking is also a process of constantly improving and strengthening citizens' sports awareness and guiding mass sports consumption. Hosting the Olympic Games in Beijing will greatly promote the sports consumption of Beijing citizens, especially the consumption of participatory sports, ornamental sports and sporting goods, thus serving and stimulating the capital economy in expanding the consumption field and forming new consumption hotspots. In short, the resultant force of Beijing's hosting of the 2008 Olympic Games in stimulating investment and consumption demand will boost Beijing's GDP growth by at least 1 percentage point every year in the next 10 year, and may be higher in the two years before and after hosting the Olympic Games.
Hosting the Olympic Games will promote the adjustment and upgrading of the capital's economic structure and make the capital's economy more dynamic and competitive.
From the industrial structure, the capital economy is a composite structure with high-tech industry, urban industry, modern service industry and efficient ecological agriculture as the skeleton. This industrial structure is different from Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shenzhen, and has obvious comparative advantages and distinctive regional characteristics. But at present, this industrial structure has not been fully formed, which requires the government to use various policy levers to guide and adjust. Beijing's hosting of the 2008 Olympic Games will provide a golden opportunity for the adjustment and upgrading of the capital's industrial structure. This role is mainly manifested in three aspects:
First of all, the bidding concept of "Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and People's Olympics" conforms to the value orientation of the capital's industrial restructuring. Green Olympics will promote the rapid development of environmental protection industry and ecological agriculture, high-tech Olympics will promote the development of high-tech industries, and people's Olympics will promote the formation and development of modern service industry. The industries driven by these three bidding concepts are precisely the industries that the capital economy should give priority to in the new century.
Second, hosting the Olympic Games will accelerate the pace of "retreating from two to three" in Beijing. "Retreating two into three" is the inevitable choice for the adjustment and optimization of the capital's economic structure. However, whether this strategic measure can be effectively implemented depends on "retreating by reason and advancing by space". It is an established policy and historical necessity that some enterprises with high energy consumption and heavy pollution in Beijing gradually withdraw from the secondary industry, and the final result is whether the Olympic Games will be held or not. However, whether to do it or not will affect the process of withdrawal. Now that Beijing has won the right to host the games, the government will not hesitate to increase control and it is difficult for enterprises to bargain, so that the retreat will be firm and smooth. More importantly, however, hosting the Olympic Games can effectively expand the space for "entering the third place". The impact of the modern Olympic Games on the economic development of the host region is highlighted in promoting the rapid development of the tertiary industry in this region. The Olympic Games requires the host city to provide first-class hardware and quality services in transportation, post and telecommunications, communications, hotels and restaurants. At the same time, there are also quite high requirements for banks, insurance, hospitals, intermediaries and cultural facilities. In other words, if Beijing wants to successfully host the 2008 Olympic Games, it must take accelerating the establishment and improvement of modern service industry as its strategic focus. Whether the capital's modern service industry can be established and improved around 10 depends on investment and demand, and hosting the Olympic Games can just solve the bottleneck of sustained demand and huge investment. Therefore, hosting the Olympic Games will not only promote the rapid growth of the modern service industry in the capital, but also objectively provide the necessary living space and the possibility of subsequent development for the "three-in" enterprises.
Third, hosting the Olympic Games will make tourism and cultural and sports industries the pillar industries of the capital economy, and at the same time promote the rapid development of convention and exhibition industry and intermediary industry. The Olympic Games is a festival for all nationalities in the world. China is an ancient oriental country with a long history of civilization. As the host city of the Olympic Games, Beijing is a famous historical city with a history of over 3,000 years and 800 years, which best represents the essence of China culture. Beijing has listed tourism as a key development industry and hopes to become a pillar industry during the tenth five-year plan period. The Olympic Games has always played a great role in promoting the tourism development of the host city, and Beijing will play a greater role in hosting the Olympic Games. This is because, on the one hand, the world's major media reported the whole process from bidding to hosting, and objectively made a long-term free advertisement for Beijing's tourism industry to let more foreigners know about Beijing and generate potential and actual tourism demand; On the other hand, the Beijing Olympic Games will highlight the ingenious integration of tradition and modernity and the unique charm of the combination of western culture and eastern civilization, which will play an important role in stimulating the demand of foreigners to visit Beijing. For expanding domestic tourism business, hosting the Olympic Games will provide a long-term theme for Beijing tourism enterprises, and they can design a series of new projects and products with selling points according to this theme, thus making Beijing tourism fashionable and hot. Undoubtedly, after Beijing's successful bid to host the Olympic Games, the capital's tourism industry has gained the momentum of sustained development in 10, and only sustained high-speed growth can make Beijing's tourism industry a real pillar industry. At the same time, the Olympic Games is a typical global culture, and the Olympic Games is a concentrated expression of this culture. Hosting the Olympic Games can greatly promote the development of the cultural and sports industry in the host city. According to the orientation of urban function, Beijing listed the cultural and sports industry as the key development industry during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period. However, in order to cultivate it into a pillar industry of the capital economy, apart from the self-development of the cultural industry and the sports industry in their respective fields, we must also strengthen the interaction, complementarity and mutual assistance between the two industries. The Olympic Games can not only effectively expand the respective needs of the host city's cultural industry and sports industry, but also provide a series of major activities to make the two industries interact and couple, and realize industrial linkage and profit multiplication. In addition, 37 modern stadiums (22 newly built) newly built and rebuilt for hosting the Olympic Games will also lay a solid material foundation for the sustainable development of the cultural and sports industry in the capital. After the Olympic Games, Beijing will become one of the most developed regions in China, Asia and even the world. Finally, under the background of economic globalization, the Olympic Games is a world economic and trade stage featuring multinational corporations. When Beijing wins the right to host the Olympic Games, it will get the opportunity to "sing opera" on this stage in about 10 years. Therefore, the convention and exhibition industry and intermediary industry in the capital will gain many business opportunities and business experience that operate in accordance with international practices, thus providing a rare opportunity for promoting and prospering the convention and exhibition economy and making it a new growth point of the capital economy.
Hosting the Olympic Games will play an important role in expanding employment in Beijing.
It usually takes about eight years to prepare for the Olympic Games, and a lot of human resources need to be invested to build a large number of sports facilities and supporting urban infrastructure. All previous Olympic Games have played an important role in promoting the employment of the host city. 1984 the los Angeles Olympic games created 25,000 jobs; 1988 The Seoul Olympic Games brought employment to 34,000 people; 1992 During the preparation for the Barcelona Olympic Games, 59,000 new jobs were created every year. 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games promoted 77,000 people's employment; The 2000 Sydney Olympic Games created more than 654.38 million jobs. Beijing will still face enormous employment pressure in the new century, and hosting the Olympic Games will effectively alleviate this pressure. Because Beijing's overall labor productivity, capital and technology intensity and labor price are lower than those of the Olympic host cities in developed countries, hosting the Olympic Games will play a greater role in promoting employment in Beijing. If the Olympic Games in Beijing can increase the investment by 74.5 billion yuan, and every investment of 654.38+10,000 yuan can increase 1 employment opportunities, then this Olympic Games will generate 745,000 employment opportunities. According to the cash flow statement listed in the bid report of the Olympic bid committee, the years to promote employment were mainly concentrated in the six years from 2004 to 2009, with the peaks in 2006 and 2008.
Hosting the Olympic Games will greatly enhance the charm of Beijing.
Urban charm is a comprehensive embodiment of a city's material civilization and spiritual civilization, including natural features, historical and cultural accumulation, productivity development level and humanistic quality. In a sense, the capital economy is a kind of "image economy", and its development needs the continuous promotion and publicity of the city's charm, and hosting the Olympic Games can achieve this quickly and effectively. First of all, the large-scale environmental management and the construction and reconstruction of urban infrastructure for hosting the Olympic Games will make Beijing "bluer in sky, clearer in water, smoother in travel and more livable", the ancient capital will be more charming, and the original features of Beijing's urban charm will be more influential. Secondly, in the modern society where media power prevails, the charm of a city depends not only on the origin of charm, but also on the attention and promotion of mainstream media. Hosting the Olympic Games will make Beijing a hot spot in the world's major media for a long time, and this effect will reach the extreme during the Olympic Games. Take the TV broadcast of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games as an example. A total of 220 countries and regions around the world watched the Olympic Games, and the audience reached 3.7 billion, accounting for 95% of the total number of people who can watch TV in the world (3.9 billion). In addition, there are eight countries whose TV broadcast time exceeds 400 hours, namely, 65,438+0,207 hours in Australia, 65,438+0,039 hours in Canada and 930 hours in South Africa. It can be said that only the Olympic Games can make the host country and the host city get such extensive, in-depth and systematic reports from the global media. And the effect of such a large-scale publicity in enhancing the image and charm of the host city is probably beyond the reach of no matter how much advertising money is spent. Finally, hosting the Olympic Games is a very complicated systematic project, which is an all-round test of the comprehensive ability of the host city. The process of coping with this challenge will make the government more efficient, the enterprises more powerful, the people more enthusiastic, and the society more democratic, open and dynamic. These are the souls of urban charm.
Political influence
First, Beijing must try to incite the huge economic lever of hosting the Olympic Games.
Hosting the Olympic Games is an excellent opportunity to fully demonstrate the country's economy, culture and comprehensive national strength.
If out of hatred, the biggest gathering of mankind is the world war; If it is for peace, the biggest gathering of mankind is the Olympic Games. After 1945, there has never been a large-scale world war. The Olympic Games will build a bridge of friendship and dialogue between people of different nationalities, different systems, different cultures, different rich and poor, and different beliefs by communicating mutual understanding between people of different countries, so as to promote world peace, develop economy and reduce confrontation. The purpose of the Olympic Movement conforms to the goal of peace and development of mankind and the needs of the modern international community. It has become an important part of world peace. In addition, the Olympic movement has the functions of promoting the coordinated development of competitive sports and mass sports, promoting the all-round development of people, setting an example for mankind, especially the younger generation, and promoting international bilateral and multilateral sports exchanges with the Olympic Games as the leader. Its irreplaceable position in the international community has long been established. The benefits it brings to the whole country are often difficult to evaluate with numbers. It has promoted the host country's breakthrough development and changes in politics, economy, culture, sports, science and technology. This is a great opportunity to open the door to the world and fully display the country's economy, culture and comprehensive national strength.
The Olympic Games used to be a black hole that devoured money. 1976 The deficit of the Montreal Olympic Games has not been made up so far.
Peace, friendship and progress are the ideals of the Olympics, and swifter, higher and stronger are the Olympic spirit. Many host countries have paid a high price for this ideal and spirit. The first Olympic Games was held in Athens, but Greece couldn't get started by raising funds from the state or government. Finally, a rich man named Avirov donated money to help Athens build the Olympic Stadium. At the beginning of the 20th century, Rome intended to host the Olympic Games, but had to give it up because it was unable to build a set of sports facilities. 1924, the French held the 8th Olympic Games and raised 4 million francs to build a stadium with 60,000 people, so the athletes had to live in simple houses. 1972 The Munich Olympic Games in Germany cost 2 billion marks, of which/kloc-0.5 billion marks were used for venues and municipal construction. Especially in Canada, which experienced the embarrassment of "Montreal economic trap", the organizer's plan management was out of control, resulting in a deficit of $65.438 billion, so that the Olympic Games held in 654.38+0.976 was not paid off until 2003, which made local residents complain. 1980 The investment in the Moscow Olympic Games reached a record high of $9 billion. If it weren't for the planned economic system of the former Soviet Union, no one could afford it. Only Tehran in Iran and Los Angeles in the United States bid for the 23rd Olympic Games with 1984. Tehran withdrew from the competition, and Los Angeles had to do so. Then only two cities will bid for the next Olympic Games 1988. All countries hosting the Olympic Games are facing a serious problem. Do you want to save face or lose money?
1984 The Olympic Games fell on the unwilling Los Angeles. Because the U.S. government is unwilling to make up the deficit and has made it clear that it will not support it, the support rate of Los Angeles residents is only 34%, and the municipal government also said that it will not bear any responsibility in the face of huge losses. Since then, the government's way of hosting the Olympic Games has entered a desperate situation, and a new and more vital way of hosting has emerged under pressure. Faced with the precipitous bankruptcy, the IOC had to break the imprisonment of non-commercialization of the Olympic Games and let the Olympic Games survive in a rescue.
1984 neither the U.S. government nor the city of Los Angeles supports hosting the Olympic Games. The successful operation of Uber Ross, the management wizard, made the host city of the Olympic Games profitable for the first time (US$ 225 million). Since then, the Olympic Games has become a hot and sought-after project for many cities in various countries to bid for, making the host city and country of the Olympic Games a huge world stage with both political influence and economic development.
The miracle happened in the United States, the number one economic power. Ueberroth, an economic genius in Los Angeles, put forward a new idea of "keeping the Olympics with the Olympics". He doesn't need government money, but relies entirely on commercial fund-raising to host the Olympic Games, and the national government leads the interests of enterprises. Ueberroth came up with a series of business operation modes; The first is to invite public bidding for the products of 30 companies as designated products for the Olympic Games, the second is to allow 40 companies to use the logo of the five-ring flag emblem on their products, and the third is to invite public bidding for TV broadcasting rights. Ueberroth's creative strategies are one after another. He thought of making a fortune in the torch relay. The whole distance of the relay is 6.5438+0.45 million kilometers, and the cost per kilometer is 3,000 dollars. People swarmed in, and 4.4 million people took part in the long-distance running activities along the way, earning 45 million dollars. He carefully designed a set of methods to increase revenue and reduce expenditure. The principle is, if you can use the old ones, don't build infrastructure, if you can rent them, don't buy equipment and materials, and don't let go of projects that can generate income. If the swimming pool needs strong lighting, the car is driven temporarily to generate electricity, which saves the construction cost of power supply system and lighthouse. All the furniture in the Olympic Village was sold the day after the competition. He also used the successful operation of advertising, broadcasting rights and tickets to make the host city of the Olympic Games profitable for the first time (US$ 225 million). Since then, the Olympic Games has become a hot and sought-after project for many cities in various countries to bid for, and it has become a huge world stage with both fame and fortune.
1996 The Atlanta Olympic Games created an output value of1200 million US dollars, exceeding the annual gross national product of most participating countries. If Beijing succeeds in bidding for the Olympic Games, it will have an advantage suitable for China's national conditions: the joint operation of the national government and enterprises.
2/kloc-Beijing in the 20th century will make use of Occean and the Olympic Games to raise funds from the people in a more active and modern way.
(6) Promoting the adjustment of Beijing's industrial structure is conducive to the development of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and creating employment opportunities.
The development of related industries driven by Olympic construction projects will effectively promote the adjustment of Beijing's industrial structure. The large-scale, high-quality cultural and sports facilities, fresh and beautiful urban environment, convenient and fast transportation and colorful cultural atmosphere required for hosting the Olympic Games can greatly promote the development of Beijing's electronic information industry, environmental protection industry, new building materials industry, cultural industry and tourism service industry, which will be very beneficial to the development of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises. When Beijing hosted the 1 1 Asian Games, a major breakthrough was made in the electronic service system including computers, radio and television, satellite communication, etc. Take telecommunications as an example, 28 years.