Biomass improvement and transformation laboratory was approved by Anhui Provincial Department of Education in 2007. In recent years, the laboratory has undertaken research on more than 50 related projects such as the National "863" Plan, the Natural Science Foundation, the Tenth Five-Year Plan and provincial and ministerial key projects in the aspects of the excavation and improvement of biomass genetic resources, the research and utilization of biomass materials, and the theory and technology of biomass energy transformation, which laid a good foundation for the previous work and formed certain advantages and characteristics. After years of construction, the laboratory has formed an academic echelon with young and middle-aged doctors and professors as the main body, with a good research platform and experimental conditions.
The laboratory has formed a single research direction with obvious characteristics: 1, the exploration and improvement direction of biomass genetic resources, and established new technologies and methods for biological genetic improvement of biomass materials and energy. Low-energy ion beam technology was applied to mutation and genetic transformation of corn, cotton, energy algae and microbial strains of PHA, L- lactic acid, D- lactic acid and methane for the first time, and molecular marker technology was applied to gene location and assisted selection of maize opposite trait gene and high amylose ae gene. A number of new energy and material biology germplasm have been discovered and created. More than 2,000 energy and material germplasm such as corn, cotton, sweet sorghum and castor were collected and excavated successively, and more than 0/00 microbial strains such as PHA, lactic acid, cellulase, lipase, hydrogen-producing and methane-producing bacteria and energy algae germplasm were screened. 2. The research and utilization direction of biomass materials, highlighting the research and utilization of agricultural biomass functional materials. In the aspect of natural polymer materials, konjac flying powder, chitosan and starch were irradiated and chemically modified. Strengthen the production of starch and fiber materials. Based on the research on the material characteristics, radiation and chemical modification of corn and other starch, colored cotton fiber and silk, the application research of starch-based materials in food was carried out, and the key technologies of starch-based degradable plastics production, especially the radiation modification technology of corn starch, were discussed to create thermoplastic starch plastics, agricultural mulching films, food packaging films and other products. 3. The theoretical and technical direction of biomass energy conversion, using waste biomass to develop rural energy. Based on the transformation of rich organic wastes such as straw in rural areas, the key technologies of biomass gasification and pyrolysis liquefaction of crop straw and agricultural and forestry wastes to prepare bio-oil were studied. Highlight biotransformation and reduce environmental pollution. The fermentation technology of starch ethanol and the metabolic pathway of oil production by algae and microorganisms were studied successively. The construction of new engineering bacteria for ethanol production from starchy raw materials is also carried out, which is expected to reduce ethanol production steps, shorten fermentation time, reduce energy consumption, save costs and form new technologies.
The laboratory covers a total area of 765,438+000 square meters (including 4,000 square meters of irradiation center and 2,000 square meters of natural polymer separation and processing pilot base). It has three doctoral programs in biophysics, crop genetics and breeding, crop biotechnology and microbiology, several master programs in biochemistry and molecular biology, genetics and microbiology, the National Forestry Irradiation Center and the "ion beam bioengineering" province jointly established by * * *.
The laboratory has ion implanter for genetic improvement, 10 lasers,100000 Curie cobalt source, gene gun, fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument, laser dynamic scatterometer, cell genetic workstation, pulse electrophoresis transgenic system, etc. There are cobalt sources, high-performance liquid analyzers, fluorescence analyzers, GC-MS analyzers, atomic force microscopes, supercritical extractors, column chromatography systems, fermentors, freeze dryers, scanning electron microscopes and three-dimensional imaging for materials and energy research. The total value of instruments and equipment is more than 20 million yuan.
Since 20/2005-20 10/0, the laboratory has undertaken 5 national "863" programs, 8 national natural science funds, 20 provincial-level scientific research projects such as the national tenth five-year plan, the special fund for transgenic and achievement transformation of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Science and Technology, the tenth five-year plan and the eleventh five-year plan of Anhui Province, the talent fund of Anhui Province and the natural science fund of Anhui Province. In the past five years, I participated in the completion of the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award 1 item, won the second prize 1 item at the provincial and ministerial level, won four third prizes, bred six new crop varieties such as corn, cotton and hemp, screened more than 300 microbial strains, developed more than 20 agricultural functional materials, new biomass materials, new biomass energy conversion products and devices, and applied for patents/kloc.
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Biology
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Biology was approved for construction in June 2008, relying on two doctoral programs of crop science and biology in Anhui Agricultural University, postdoctoral mobile stations and provincial key disciplines of crop genetics and breeding, crop cultivation, genetics and biophysics in Anhui Province. Academician Gai Junyi is the director of the Academic Committee, the vice president of Anhui Agricultural University and a member of the corn expert group of the Ministry of Agriculture. Professor Cheng Beijiu, director of Anhui Maize Engineering Technology Research Center, chief expert of modern maize industrial technology system in Anhui Province, and head of "1 15" maize genetic improvement and industrialization technology research and innovation team in Anhui Province, is the director of the laboratory. At present, there are 48 fixed researchers, including 22 professors (researchers) and 4 associate professors/kloc-0, including 36 doctors. A research and development team of crop genetics, breeding and industrialization with young and middle-aged doctors and professors as the main body has been formed.
Focus on the development of crop molecular biology, crop germplasm innovation and variety improvement, and crop physiological ecology. In recent years, it has successively undertaken more than 40 national-level projects such as the National Science and Technology Support Plan, the Major Genetically Modified Project, the 863 Plan, the National Natural Science Foundation and the National Achievement Transformation Fund, and more than 30 provincial-level and various key projects, and won 15 awards above the provincial level, including 3 first prizes and 4 second prizes, and bred 265,438 new varieties of major crops such as wheat, corn, rice and cotton. It has provided strong technical and talent support for the "three major grain actions" and the implementation of the grain increase plan in Anhui Province.
Research direction of crop molecular biology. This year, bioinformatics and gene cloning and functional analysis of important characters were carried out around corn, wheat, rice, barley and other crops. More than 40 genes related to yield traits, photosynthetic efficiency, quality and stress resistance were cloned from corn, rice and other crops, and some genes were functionally verified. Especially, using the published maize genome database, dozens of gene families, such as disease resistance genes, WRKY regulatory factors and cytokinin regulatory genes, were systematically analyzed, which formed advantages in maize genomics and comparative genomics research. Published 2 SCI papers and contributed 7 SCI papers. A technical system of Escherichia coli analysis for in vitro verification of gene function of corn and other crops was established, a set of safe and efficient screening and marking technology of crop transgenes with independent intellectual property rights was developed, and a cheap universal T vector using maize red fluorescent protein CobA and green fluorescent protein mutants was constructed. The formation mechanism of natural colored cotton colored fiber and molecular marker-assisted breeding of new cotton varieties were studied.
Study on maize genomics and molecular basis of important characters such as high quality, high yield and stress resistance of wheat;
This paper focuses on the structure, function and evolution of maize genome, and analyzes the characteristics of maize gene family through comparative genomics, which provides a basis for the functional analysis of maize gene family and the exploration of new genes. The characteristics of 15000 gene in 130 gene family were studied, and a database was established. The biological information and evolution of maize genome-wide gene families were studied, and the characteristics, classification, chromosome location and expression patterns of more than 1 10,000 genes in 120 gene families such as maize NBS gene, WRKY gene and HSFs gene were analyzed, as well as the comparative genomics with sorghum, rice and other related species. Published more than 20 SCI papers.
High-quality, high-yield and stress-resistant maize molecular breeding, selection of breeding materials and wheat germplasm innovation;
In China, the new technologies of in-situ transformation of corn and low-energy ion beam transgene were first established, and the cotton transgene technology mediated by low-energy ion beam was put forward, and a number of new cotton genotype materials and strains were bred. Transgenic studies on starch metabolism regulation, disease resistance, lignin and cellulose in maize and rice were carried out, and important transgenic materials such as high amylose, low lignin and virus resistance were obtained. Through low-energy ion beam mutation and molecular marker-assisted selection, a batch of new germplasm with high starch, high amylose and sweet waxy corn were created, and eight new varieties with high starch and high quality were bred. A complete, efficient and simple maize plant transformation system was established.
Using physiological selection technology, resistance identification technology, quality analysis technology, nutrient utilization analysis technology and molecular marker technology, combining conventional breeding methods with molecular breeding methods, we carried out research on breeding new wheat varieties with high quality, high yield, stress resistance and high efficiency, and cultivated new wheat varieties suitable for planting in Huaibei wheat area of our province and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. At the same time, the research of advanced breeding theory is actively carried out in the breeding process to promote the breakthrough of modern wheat breeding theory.
Breeding of new maize varieties, breeding of new wheat varieties and innovation of breeding theory;
Anlong 4, a high starch corn combination, has planted 500,000 mu, creating an economic benefit of 500 million yuan. Planting three varieties of sweet corn with an area of 65,900 mu has a direct economic benefit of 1.62 million yuan. Combining traditional breeding with biotechnology, three new sweet corn combinations with high quality, high yield and multi-resistance were bred. Wan Yu 10—— Early maturity, multi-resistance (drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, leaf spot resistance), high quality and high yield, high rate of double ears and multi-ears, suitable for processing fresh sticks, frozen grains and bamboo shoots. Wan Yu 14—— Early maturity, multi-resistance (lodging resistance, stress resistance, leaf spot resistance and corn borer resistance), high quality, high yield and large grain size, suitable for frozen grain and frozen stick processing. Wan Yu 15—— A high-quality, high-yield and multi-resistant fortified sweet corn combination, which is suitable for frozen stick processing. It is a new sweet corn variety bred and approved for the first time in Anhui Province in recent years, which is superior to the varieties popularized in Anhui production in terms of quality, stress resistance, early maturity and fresh food processing characteristics.
At the same time, the breeding technology system of three hybrid combinations for high-yield seed production was established; The technical regulations for pollution-free and safe cultivation of new sweet corn varieties were formed; The seed quality and quality identification technology of sweet corn were established. The culture medium formula and cultivation technology of Pleurotus ostreatus with sweet corn cob instead of wood were studied. The fresh-keeping technology of fresh sticks and processing technology of frozen sticks were established, and new products of frozen sticks were developed.
Wan Yu series new sweet waxy corn varieties have an average yield of 900kg per mu, a short growth period of about 80 days, and are rich in various soluble polysaccharides, vitamins and trace elements, which can be used as high-quality "fruit corn" and healthy food. At present, Anhui's demonstration and promotion area exceeds 654.38+10,000 mu, and the direct economic benefit reaches more than 400 million yuan.
Seven new wheat varieties were bred, namely, Annong 92484 (national test), Wanmai 33, Wanmai 4 1, Wanmai 42, Wanmai 48 (national test), Wanmai 49 and Annong 0305. Among them, Wanmai 48 and Wanmai 49 were protected by national new varieties. Screening has created a number of excellent wheat breeding materials. At present, seven new varieties have applied for provincial regional trials and national pre-trials, namely, Annong 0807, Annong 08 18, Annong 0822, Annong 0826, Annong 0849, Annong 0850 and Annong 071. Four varieties have entered the production test.
Research and development of key engineering technologies for high-yield and efficient production of corn and efficient cultivation technology system for new varieties;
Focusing on the revitalization plan of corn in Anhui Province and the "four good projects", we will strengthen product and technology research and development. Put forward the three-in-one technology of agricultural machinery and agronomy, develop related products, and carry out popularization and demonstration.
According to the characteristics of new varieties, such as agronomic traits, adaptability, stress resistance and yield level, we will develop an efficient supporting technology system, study the supporting technology of improved varieties and good methods, and popularize and apply it to improve the production efficiency of new varieties.