Western food etiquette 1
I. Seating arrangements
(1) Long tables are mostly used for western food, and round tables can also be used for large banquets in addition to the main table. Seats are usually arranged at formal banquets, or only for the guests, and other guests only arrange tables or sit at will. Either way, let everyone know before attending the meeting, so that everyone can have a good idea (you can indicate the station number on the invitation letter).
(2) The seating arrangement of western food, the seating level of the same table depends on the distance from the host's seat, with the right high and the left low.
(3) It is customary to arrange men and women alternately in western food, depending on the position of the hostess, with the guest of honor sitting on the right side of the hostess and the wife of the guest of honor sitting on the right side of the host.
(4) For western-style banquets with more than two tables, each table should have the first host, whose position should be the same as that of the host of the main table, and its guests should be seated according to the seating arrangement method of the main table.
(5) In case of special circumstances, the seating arrangement can be handled flexibly. For example, the status of the guest of honor is higher than that of the host. In order to show respect for the guest of honor, the guest of honor can be arranged in the position of the host, while the host sits in the position of the guest of honor and the secondary host sits on the left side of the guest of honor.
Second, the order of western food.
When tasting western food, you should know the order of western food. The so-called western food ordering refers to the formal serving order when enjoying western food.
The menu of western food is obviously different from that of Chinese food. For example, Chinese food, soup is the standard "ending song" for dining; In western food, soup is used to "take the lead". It should be noted that western food is also divided into dinner and simple meal, and their order is very different.
1. Dinner menu
Dinner in western food, especially formal dinner, is not only complicated and diverse, but also very particular. In most cases, a western meal usually consists of seven or eight dishes. A complete dinner takes about 1-2 hours.
(1) appetizer. The so-called appetizer is a dish used to give diners an appetizer. Because it is served first in western food, it is also called the head basin. In the dinner of western food, it is sometimes not included in the formal preface, but only used as a "prelude". In most cases, the appetizer is a mixed dish composed of vegetables, fruits, meat and seafood. Most of them are made of various sauces, which are not only pleasing to the eye, but also delicious.
(2) soup. Soup is essential in western food, which is fragrant and has excellent appetizing effect. According to tradition, soup is the "pioneer" in western food. Only when you start eating soup can you officially start eating western food. Western soup includes white soup, red soup and clear soup. When enjoying western food, you can only serve one kind of soup.
(3) the main course. The main course is the core content of western food. The main courses in western food are usually cold and hot, but most of them focus on hot dishes. More formal western food is usually a cold dish and two hot dishes. Of the two hot dishes served, one is often fish, the other is meat, and sometimes a seafood is added. In the main course of western food, meat dishes are used to represent the grade and level of dining.
(4) snacks. After eating the main course of western food, you can order some snacks such as cakes, biscuits, silk, pies and sandwiches as needed to fill those who are not full. You don't have to eat when you are full.
(5) dessert. The most common desserts in western food are pudding and ice cream. These desserts are regarded as examples at dinner. So diners should try to taste it.
(6) hot drinks. Before the end of western food, hot drinks should be provided for diners as the "finale". The most formal hot drink is black tea or coffee without anything. Choose only one of the two, and you can't enjoy them at the same time. The main function of hot drinks is to help diners digest. Hot drinks can be drunk at the table or in other places, such as the lounge or living room.
2. Simple meal menu
Dinner in western food is more common at banquets or other important festivals. Although grand, it is often costly and time-consuming. In general, people always simplify western food, that is, simple western food. Its menu mainly consists of appetizer, soup, main course (one each), dessert, hot drink and so on.
Third, the tableware of western food
When learning western etiquette, mastering the use of western tableware is one of the key contents. Among all western tableware, knives, forks, spoons and napkins are the most representative. They are introduced respectively below.
1. Knife and fork
Knife and fork is a general term for these two western-style tableware. They can be used together or separately. But more often, knives and forks are used together.
To master the use of knives and forks, we need to learn the categories, usage and tips of knives and forks.
(1) Classification and placement of knives and forks.
At a formal western-style banquet, Laicai is served separately, and you have to change a pair of knives and forks every time you eat Laicai. In other words, you must have different kinds of special knives and forks every time you eat Alai food. You must never use a knife and fork from beginning to end, and you must not use a knife and fork indiscriminately.
When enjoying western-style dinner, a pair of knives and forks for personal use will be placed on the table in front of each diner, such as a knife and fork for butter, a knife and fork for fish, a knife and fork for meat and a knife and fork for dessert. These knives and forks not only have different shapes, but also have specific positions.
The knife used to eat butter has no matching fork, and its correct position is placed horizontally in front of the diner's left hand.
Knives and forks used to eat fish and meat should usually be placed vertically on both sides of the plate in front of the diners, with the knife on the right and the fork on the left, so that the diners can take them from outside to inside in turn.
The knife and fork used for dessert should be put at the end, usually placed horizontally above the plates used by everyone.
(2) the use of knives and forks.
The correct way to hold the knife is to hold the knife with your right hand, with your thumb on one side of the handle, your index finger pressed against the handle, and the other three fingers bent to hold the handle. When the knife is not used, it should be placed horizontally on the upper right of the plate.
The correct way to hold the fork If the fork doesn't need a knife, hold the fork with your right hand and feed the fork teeth upwards. When the knife and fork are used together, the right hand holds the knife, the left hand holds the fork, and the fork teeth fork the meat downward; After the meat is cut, put down the knife first, hold the fork in your right hand, fork the meat with it and send it to your mouth.
There are two ways to use knives and forks: English and American. The British way of using requires diners to always hold a knife in their right hand and a fork in their left hand when using knives and forks. This method is more elegant. The American practice is to cut all the food to be eaten with the right knife and the left fork, then put the right knife obliquely in front of the plate, change the left fork into the right one, and finally eat with the right fork.
Precautions when using a knife and fork When eating with a knife and fork, you should pay attention to the following points in any way: ① Don't make a clang when cutting food; (2) When cutting food, start from the left and step by step from left to right; (3) When cutting food, the elbow should sink and move back and forth. Don't bow left and right, your elbows are too high. (4) The size of each cut food should be just right at the entrance. Generally, you should eat with a fork shovel, not with a fork knife, and don't take a bite after fork. ⑤ When both hands use a knife and fork at the same time, the fork teeth should face down, and when the right hand eats with a fork, the fork teeth should face up. When putting down the knife and fork temporarily, don't let the knife and fork face outwards; 6. If the knife and fork fall on the ground, it should not be used any more, but the waiter should be asked to change another pair.
(3) The implication of knife and fork.
Through the different arrangement of knives and forks, diners can hint to the waiter whether they want to eat another dish.
Suggest that you haven't finished eating. When eating, if the diner forks the knife from right to left, the blade is inward. The fork teeth are facing down, and the two are placed in a figure of eight on the plate, indicating that the waiter has not finished the dish.
It is suggested that you can remove the dining car. If you finish a dish or don't want to eat any more because it doesn't taste right, you can fork the knife left and right, with the blade inward, and put the fork teeth side by side on the dining table, or fork it down on the knife and put it on the dinner plate. This means that the waiter can take the knife and fork with the plate from the table.
2. spoon
Spoons are also called spoons. When tasting western food, the spoon is an indispensable main tableware. There are two kinds of spoons in western food.
One is a spoon, which is large in shape and usually placed at the outermost end of the knife on the right side of the diner, and placed side by side with the knife; The second kind is dessert spoon, which is usually placed directly above and side by side with the knife and fork used for dessert. The correct way to use the spoon: hold the handle of the spoon with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, hold the spoon to stand on its side, and don't let the soup drip out of the soup plate. The spoon on the dining table is used to mix drinks. Whatever you drink, take it out of the cup and put it in the tray after use.
Pay attention to the following points when using a spoon:
(1) Spoons can be used to drink soup and dessert, and you must not directly scoop any staple foods and dishes such as black tea and coffee.
(2) When eating with a spoon, be sure not to overdo it. Once in, use it all at once. Don't taste a spoonful of things many times.
(3) Use a spoon neatly, and don't stir it in soup, sweet crystal, black tea or coffee.
(4) Don't put the used spoon back, put it in a plate or put it in a soup plate, red tea cup or coffee cup. The correct way is to put it on a plate for the time being.
table napkin
Besides cleaning clothes and wiping mouth, napkins have a special suggestive function in western food.
(1) indicates the start of the meal. Traditionally, when enjoying western food, the dining guests consciously keep consistent with the hostess. When the hostess spreads out a napkin for herself, it is generally equivalent to officially announcing the start of the meal.
(2) It is recommended to leave temporarily. If you need to leave temporarily when eating, you often don't have to make a big announcement to others, just put the napkin on the chair surface of the seat.
(3) It is recommended to finish the meal. The hostess put the napkin on the dining table to announce the end of the meal, and other guests should take the initiative to leave when they saw this scene.
The choice of tableware should be decided according to the order of serving. Generally speaking, according to the rules of western food, what tableware should be used for eating and what glasses should be used for drinking.
Fourth, western dining etiquette.
(1) Go to dinner on time. Western banquets usually start on time, so when invited to dinner, you must never arrive late or early.
The host and hostess greet each other at the door. When you see the host, just shake hands with the host, without too much greeting. Because guests will come one after another, chatting with the host is not only impolite, but also hinders the reception of other guests.
(3) Ladies are preferred. When sitting down, the man will open the chair for the lady around him and ask her to sit down before sitting down. Always take care of the lady when eating. After receiving the service, don't forget to thank the male guests.
(4) From the beginning to the end of the banquet, guests must always pay attention to the hostess's actions to avoid rudeness. For example, occasionally late guests are seated. When she stands up from her seat to say hello, the male guests at the same table must also stand up with her. When every dish is served, you must go through the hostess's greeting before you can start eating.
(5) Before taking a seat, put a white western-style napkin in front of each guest to avoid getting dirty when eating. In western families, it is often stuffed in the neckline for daily meals. But when they attend the party, they are all kneeling. A large napkin that is usually only half opened is folded in half and unfolded. When you leave the table after dinner, pick up your napkin and put it on the table at will. ：
(6) When entertaining guests at home, most important dishes are served by the host, especially poultry or barbecue that needs to be cut.
Usually wait until everyone has a dish in front of them and the hostess picks up the fork before eating together. Sometimes, because there are too many guests, the hostess may treat her to dinner first because she is afraid that the food will not taste good after waiting for a long time. At that time, it was polite to wait for the neighboring guests to have food.
(7) When eating meat, there are two ways: one is to eat while cutting, and the other is to cut the meat (such as steak) first, then put the knife on the right side of the food plate and eat it with a fork alone.
Meat pies, fried eggs, salads, no knives, just forks.
If there is gravy in the meat plate, you can dip it in bread if you want.
You can't eat bread with a knife and fork, you can only tear it with your hands.
Potato chips, sliced meat, celery, asparagus, etc. You can eat bread with your hands without a knife and fork, but when you eat it, it is limited to your thumb and forefinger. After eating, you can wipe your hands with a small towel in front of you.
You can use a fork or spoon when eating dessert.
(8) You don't need to put down your knife and fork when you speak. You can talk while holding a fork. If the guest puts down his fork, the hostess may think that he has finished eating.
(9) If the hostess asks the guest if she wants some more food. Guests can take this opportunity to thank the hostess for her cooking.
For example, when the host asks the guest, "May I give you some more chicken?" The guest can say, "OK, thanks, this chicken is delicious." Or "thank you, I don't want it." This chicken is delicious. "
(10) Like Chinese etiquette, the hostess should always accompany the guest who eats the slowest. After eating what you want, you should put the knife and fork side by side on the plate. The spoon should be left in the soup bowl. If there is a dish at the bottom of the bowl, put it on the dish. The teaspoon should not be left in the cup, but should be put on the saucer. When you want another cup of tea or coffee, all the cups, saucers and teaspoons should be given to the hostess.
It is impolite for a guest to leave during a meal or before the hostess says the meal is over. If you have to leave, you should ask the hostess to forgive you. When the hostess said that the party was over, she stood up from her seat. At the same time, all the guests should stand up with her. According to etiquette, after the female guests stand up, the male guests should help them put the chairs back.
Dining etiquette of western food II
(A) the basic etiquette when eating
1, don't make any noise when eating soup. This is the difference between people and animals.
Don't burp loudly in public.
Don't bump the cups and plates. Don't move the plate.
4. Place the knife and fork gently, don't scratch.
Don't wave your knife and fork when you are talking, and don't point your knife and fork at people.
6. Don't bend down to eat. This is really pitiful and embarrassing.
7. Cut the food only in one bite and put it in your mouth, not just in half.
8. Don't look at the brand name at the bottom of the tray.
9. Every time you serve food, start with the outermost knife and fork.
10. Use the cup placed in the front right, and don't take other people's cups.
(2) Rules for the Use of Western Tableware
Chinese tableware has only one pair of chopsticks, while western tableware is a whole row of dazzling array. Please relax. Although there are many dishes, only four dishes have been prepared. These four dishes are appetizers, soup, fish and meat, but the tableware is all set out together.
1. Knife and fork arrangement: the knives and forks are close together, and the blades are inward.
The arrangement of knives and forks is a signal to tell the waiter when to take the food away. If the knife and fork are placed on both sides of the plate, it means that you are still eating. On the contrary, when the knife and fork are placed in parallel, it means that you have finished eating. To put it another way, when eating in a popular restaurant, only a fork is used from beginning to end, and the plate is taken away, and the used knife and fork will remain on the table to continue eating the next dish. At this time, don't put the knife and fork directly on the table, but put the knife edge between the tines with the knife edge facing down.
When you finish eating, you can put the knife and fork together on the plate and keep the blade inward, which will not only make your desktop more tidy, but also facilitate the waiter to clean up the tableware.
2, public tableware: hands, more elegant.
When eating in a restaurant, you will encounter some dishes or foods that are not cooked by one person, such as paella or large salad. For many people, this dish will be accompanied by a fork and a mother key.
It is actually indecent to use only one hand to operate spoons and forks when holding vegetables. That's the skill of professional waiters, and ordinary people don't need to know it. On the contrary, it is more elegant to use both hands: the right spoon is at the bottom and the left fork is at the top. Put the food on the spoon, press it back with a fork and put it on your plate.
Every time you finish taking it, remember to gather the food in the middle of the plate and point the handle of the fork and spoon at your partner, which will not only keep the plate beautiful, but also facilitate others to take it.
(3) How to eat food without tableware
Salty snacks can be taken directly by hand, and some foods can be eaten by hand without tableware, which is called grasping food by hand. Usually, such food is served before wine and dinner.
The function of grasping food by hand is to fill the stomach and protect the gastric mucosa before drinking aperitif. In addition, people's blood sugar will drop when they are on an empty stomach, and eating something will calm their mood.
A common salty snack is Canapé, which is a thin piece of bread or biscuit with ham and smoked fish on it. Usually three pieces. Just eat it in your hand. Eat it all at once, don't just bite half, it's unsightly.
Grab the edge of the snack with one hand and two fingers. Bread must be buttered with a knife. Bread is basically peeled off by hand and then buttered. Grape bread and German brown bread are easily broken by peeling with hands. At this time, cut a piece of bread in half with a knife, and after all the bread is buttered, stutter directly by hand.
(4) Should I use a knife and fork to eat pizza?
Pizza, like eating steamed buns, has no clear rules and can be played freely. But pizza is sticky, soft and unpalatable. How to eat without carelessness?
Napoli pizza has a thick edge and a thin middle, so it is inconvenient to eat it directly by hand. You can cut off the triangular tip of the first half with a knife and eat it with a fork in a soft place. The rest of the hard place is easier to take and can be eaten directly by hand.
American pizza is the most common kind of thick crust, which is convenient to eat directly by hand. Most pizzas use mozzarella cheese, which sticks to the cake and is difficult to break. Knife and fork are also used to help clear the entanglement.
Dining etiquette of western food 3
After you start eating, don't bury yourself in it. Westerners attach great importance to communication at the dinner table. What are the dining etiquette in western restaurants? Let's have a look.
Learn to praise your master.
Make flattery a habit, but don't make people think you are flattering. You should learn to praise the host sincerely and the food provided by the host.
Tip: Don't wait until the host asks if the food is delicious, but before the host asks!
Moderate drinking
When drinking, you must do what you can. In addition to table wine, the host may also provide liqueur, champagne or after-dinner wine (liqueur), so the amount of each wine should be appropriate, otherwise you may get drunk and make a joke in the end.
Tip: If you don't want others to give you more wine, basically make sure that the wine in the glass is intact.
supply amount
As guests, we usually only take a small portion of each dish. When you finish using it, when the host asks if you need to install another one, your acceptance will be the most sincere compliment to the host. At the same time, you can say, "This dish is delicious, thank you. I want to taste it more carefully!" " If you politely refuse, you can also say, "Thank you, I want to leave some room and try the next dessert!" " "Of course, the host will also ask you how you feel about the dishes, whether they are to your taste, whether you like them or not, and so on.
For the wine on the table, please remember two principles. First, don't add wine to yourself without authorization. If you want to order more wine, you need to wait for others to pour it for you. Similarly, you need to ask your neighbors if they need more wine. Only when others ask for more wine for you can you accept it and add more wine for yourself. Second, never fill the cup, and the amount of wine poured is generally not more than half of the cup's capacity.
How to eat salad
Salad is usually served before the main course, but the French usually serve it after the main course and before the cheese. Note that when eating green leafy vegetables such as lettuce, never chop up the leaves. Instead, use a knife and fork to fold the leaves into small squares, and then fork them and send them to your mouth.
How to eat cheese
Usually at the end, the host will provide a plate of cheese. Cheese is usually eaten with bread, not biscuits. Cut the cheese is very particular. Cubic cheese should be cut from the short side. Cubic cheese can be cut into two cuboids or solid triangles first, and solid triangle cheese should be cut from the long side. Round cheese is usually cut into wedges.
Tip: If you really don't know how to cut cheese, you can carefully observe how the host or other guests cut it.
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