Food safety is related to people's health and even their lives, as well as the sound development of China's economy and political stability. While recognizing the importance of food safety, China is taking measures to ensure food safety from all aspects. The following is my food graduation thesis recommended for your reference.
food graduation thesis model essay 1: food safety under the WTO system
1. The impact of food safety on international trade
Throughout the ages, the competitive environment of bullying national sovereignty has never changed. The intensification of technical barriers among countries is also accompanied by the disparity in technical level between developed and developing countries. Backward countries must be careful to guard against more and more health and quarantine measures for animal and plant diseases and various and even bizarre inspection and testing items. Such unreasonable measures to hinder international trade will be gradually transformed into reasonable and halo-like non-tariff trade barriers in the business circles of developed countries.
2. food safety rules of SPS agreement
(1)? Based on science? Implementation of relevant measures
Paragraph 7 of Article 5 of the SPS Agreement stipulates that each member country must meet four conditions when adopting temporary health and quarantine measures: the temporary measures are taken when the relevant scientific basis of the members is insufficient; Temporary adoption of certain animal and plant health and quarantine measures according to relevant information, including information on animal and plant health and quarantine measures implemented by international organizations and other member parties; Members should seek to obtain necessary supplementary information in order to evaluate risks more objectively; Each member shall evaluate animal and plant health and quarantine measures within a reasonable period accordingly. The four conditions are interlocking, interrelated and indispensable.
(II) Food Safety Rules of TBT Agreement under the WTO system
The TBT Agreement under the WTO system is to prevent member countries from using their technical level to exercise unfair technical barriers to trade, and it naturally includes standards on food quality requirements. TBT Agreement stipulates that no matter whether standards, technical regulations or conformity assessment procedures are formulated, they should be based on the corresponding standards, principles or suggestions formulated by international standardization organizations, and the implementation of the three norms should not cause unnecessary obstacles to international trade. Secondly, the transparency of technical regulations and certification procedures is greatly improved by establishing the consultation point system and notification system and notifying each other in advance, which makes it easier for exporters to adapt to the requirements of importing countries to organize production and greatly reduces the obstacles of technical barriers to international trade.
III. Countermeasures
(1) Establishing a food legal system
Since China established two food safety laws, namely, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Entry-Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine and the Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Entry-Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine in 1991 and 1997 respectively, the food safety laws and regulations have basically not been revised or improved by 2111. The times are changing with each passing day, and the environment is unpredictable. The old laws are not suitable for the social relations under the new situation, and there are obvious contradictions between them and the existing laws. Strengthening the revision of food safety laws and regulations is the primary task of food legislation in China at the beginning of the 21st century. Today, China has finally passed the Food Safety Law, which has improved the overall and detailed aspects of food safety and ended the food safety legal system in China. Leaderless? State, the overall legal system is established.
(II) Improving technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures
Strong technical support is essential in food export inspection and safety and quality assurance. At present, it is imperative to reduce extensive economic's growth mode with high consumption and low output and accelerate the pace of technological progress. Rejuvenating the country through science and technology, management innovation is a good policy for governing the country, and high technology, quality and strong products are inevitably the indispensable driving force of intensive economic growth model. In the increasingly perfect environment of laws and rules, enterprises should adhere to? Win by quality? The strategy is to optimize the export structure of commodities, introduce and effectively absorb advanced management systems and high-end technologies from developed countries to cultivate internal strength. Studying and adapting to the international standards of industrial commodity export, under the premise of systematically implementing the certification management of ISO family and EU series standards for export products, it is bound to concise the export procedures that conform to the rules in the export work of enterprises, promote the benign operation of enterprises step by step, ensure the quality of export products and break through the basic conditions of trade barriers in other countries.
(3) Flexible use of dispute settlement mechanism
Flexible use of WTO dispute settlement mechanism has become a course that developing countries need to learn day by day. Practice has proved that making full use of WTO-related laws to safeguard sovereign interests is the only wise way to effectively participate in the dispute settlement mechanism. Members of the World Trade Organization have equal status in the law of dispute settlement mechanism, and all members should learn to protect their rights and interests with legal laws; It is praiseworthy that India, a developing country, has filed the most complaints to the dispute settlement mechanism, and at the same time, it has won the case and benefited the most. India used the dispute settlement mechanism to defeat the improper restrictions on its rice and seafood by the United States and the European Union, and won a huge market space for its agricultural products export.
food graduation thesis model article 2: food safety of canteens in railway station areas
1 materials and methods
1.1 general materials
57 canteens in the railway station areas in 2113 were selected as the research objects. Among them, 6 large-scale canteens serving more than 211 people are all in cities, 19 medium-sized canteens serving 51-211 people, and the remaining 32 small canteens serving less than 51 people are all in remote stations.
1.2 method
according to the "food hygiene supervision and quantitative classification management standard", we adopt the hygiene license and a quarterly cycle of hygiene supervision to quantitatively classify the scattered canteens in the station area, and use the "Approved Rating Scale for Quantitative Classification Management of Catering Units" for investigation and scoring, and divide the canteens into different grades of A, B and C. The contents of the survey include the personal hygiene and physical examination of employees, the hygiene of tableware and disinfection, the hygiene of raw materials procurement and storage, the hygiene of processing and environmental hygiene.
2 Results
Of the 57 canteens in the station area, only 1.8% of them (1 large-scale canteens in the city) were rated as Grade A in terms of credibility and risk classification, 31.7% as Grade B and 67.5% as Grade C.. Of the 57 canteens in the station area, only 1 large canteens were rated as Grade A, 5 large canteens and 12 medium canteens were rated as Grade B, and 39 canteens were rated as Grade C..
3 Discussion
Among the 14 key supervision and inspection items of daily food safety supervision, quantification and classification management, the employees have no valid health certificate, the setting, layout, division and area of the place are unreasonable, the cleaning and disinfection facilities for tableware are incomplete, raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products are stored separately, and the warehouse and food storage yard with obvious identification, as well as the toilet setting and facilities are not standardized. In addition, the management system is not implemented, the hygiene habits of employees are poor, the ledger information is incomplete, and supervision is difficult to implement, which has laid a great hidden danger for catering safety. In 2113, the overall food safety level of canteens in Guannei Station was low, with 39 C-class canteens accounting for 67.5%, 17 B-class canteens accounting for 31.7% and only 1 A-class canteens accounting for 1.8%. Among the above three types of canteens, large-scale canteens in cities are better, followed by medium-sized canteens, and the worst is small canteens in remote stations. The ideal state should be to eliminate grade C, reduce grade B, improve grade A [1], and strengthen the food safety management of grade C and B canteens. At present, this supervision station shoulders the daily hygiene supervision and management of nearly 111 canteens in the area under its jurisdiction. Due to the scattered canteens in the station area, except for the unified distribution of ingredients in urban and suburban stations, most remote stations can only purchase ingredients nearby, and the quality is difficult to guarantee. At the same time, due to the lack of professional supervisors and inconvenient parking, it is very difficult to fully implement the daily hygiene supervision and management tasks of scattered station canteens. Our initial thinking is that with the continuous improvement of railway system information network and the formation of Internet information sharing system, the visualization system of railway logistics business will be widely developed and applied [2]; The existing computer networks and office microcomputers in the railway system can be used. Monitoring probes are set at the key parts of the canteens in all stations to realize remote monitoring, which can greatly reduce the workload of daily inspections by professional supervisors, facilitate the timely discovery of hidden dangers of catering safety and ensure the catering safety in the canteens in the stations.